The Ideological Effects of Framing Threat on Immigration and Civil Liberties

Political Behavior

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 477-505

  Lahav, Gallya ^a   Courtemanche, Marie ^b  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MARIETTA COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Civil liberties; Ideology; Immigration; Security; Threat

Indexed keywords

EID: 84865431389     PISSN: 01909320     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11109-011-9171-z     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Alexseev, M. A. (2005). Immigration phobia and the security dilemma: Russia, Europe and the United States. New York: Cambridge University Press.
2. Altemeyer, B. (1988). Enemies of freedom. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
3. American National Election Studies. (2004). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Center for Political Studies.
4. American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. (2003). Report on hate crimes and discrimination against Arab-Americans: The post-September 11th backlash: Sept. 11, 2001-Oct. 11, 2002. Washington, DC: ADC.
5. FOX News/Opinion Dynamics. April 25-26, 2005. http://www. pollingreport. com/immigration. htm. Accessed 1 Jan 2011.
6. Arian, A. (1995). Security threatened: Surveying Israeli opinion on peace and war. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
7. Armitage, C. J. (2000). Attitudinal ambivalence: A test of three key hypotheses. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(11), 1421-1432.
8. Bell, D. (1973). The coming of post-industrial society: A venture in social forecasting. New York: Basic Books.
9. Bigo, D. (2002). Security and immigration: Toward a critique of the governmentality of unease. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 27, 64-92.
10. Bobo, L. (1983). White's opposition to busing: Symbolic racism or realist group conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(6), 1196-1210.
11. Brader, T., Valentino, N. A., & Suhay, E. (2008). What triggers public opposition to immigration? Anxiety, group cues and immigration threat. American Journal of Political Science, 52(4), 959-978.
12. Branton, R., & Jones, B. S. (2005). Reexamining racial attitudes: The conditional relationship between diversity and socioeconomic environment. American Journal of Political Science, 48(2), 359-372.
13. Budge, I., & Farlie, D. (1983). Party competition-Selective emphasis or direct confrontation? In H. Daalder & P. Mair (Eds.), West European party systems: Continuity and change. Beverly Hills and London: Sage.
14. Burns, P., & Gimpel, J. G. (2000). Economic insecurity, prejudicial stereotypes, and public opinion on immigration policy. Political Science Quarterly, 115(2), 201-225.
15. Buzan, B., Weaver, O., & de Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A new framework for analysis. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
16. Canetti-Nisim, D., Ariely, G., & Halperin, E. (2008). Life, pocketbook, or culture: The role of perceived security threats in promoting exclusionist political attitudes towards minorities in Israel. Public Research Quarterly, 61(1), 90-103.
17. CBS News. CBS NEWS MONTHLY POLL #1, APRIL 2006 [Computer file]. ICPSR04614-v1. New York, NY: CBS News [producer], 2006. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2007-12-20. doi: 10. 3886/ICPSR04614.
18. CBS News. CBS NEWS MONTHLY POLL #2, JULY 2005 [Computer file]. ICPSR04397-v1. New York, NY: CBS News [producer], 2005. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2007-01-24. doi: 10. 3886/ICPSR04397.
19. Chandler, C. R., & Tsai, Y.-M. (2001). Social factors influencing immigration attitudes: An analysis of data from the general social survey. The Social Science Journal, 38(2), 177-188.
20. Chong, D. (1996). Creating common frames of reference on political issues. In D. C. Mutz, P. M. Sniderman, & R. A. Brody (Eds.), Political persuasion attitude change (pp. 196-224). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
21. Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). Framing public opinion in competitive democracies. American Political Science Review, 101(4), 637-655.
22. Citrin, J., Green, D., Muste, C., & Wong, C. (1997). Public opinion toward immigration reform: The role of economic motivations. Journal of Politics, 59(3), 858-881.
23. Citrin, J., & Sides, J. (2007). Public opinion about immigration: The role of identities, interests and information. British Journal of Political Science, 37(3), 477-504.
24. Claude-Valentin, M. (2004). Preventing illegal immigration: Juggling economic imperatives, political risks and individual rights. Brussels: Directorate of Social Affairs and Health, Directorate General III-Social Cohesion, Council of Europe publishing.
25. Commission of the European Communities. (2004). Eurobarometer # 61/62: Public opinion in the European community. Brussels: Commission of the EC.
26. Dalton, R. (2008). Citizen politics: Public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies (4th ed.). Washington, DC: CQ Press.
27. Davis, D., & Silver, B. (2004). Civil liberties vs. security: Public opinion in the context of the terrorist attacks on America. American Journal of Political Science, 48(2), 28-46.
28. De Vries, C., & Edwards, E. (2009). Taking Europe to the extremes: Extremist parties and public Euroskepticism. Party Politics, 15(1), 5-28.
29. Doty, R. M., Peterson, B. E., & Winter, D. G. (1991). Threat and authoritarianism in the United States, 1978-1987. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(4), 629-640.
30. Druckman, J., Green, D., Kuklinski, J., & Lupia, A. (2006). The growth and development of experimental research in political science. American Political Science Review, 100(4), 627-635.
31. Espenshade, T., & Hempstead, K. (1996). Contemporary American attitudes toward US immigration. International Migration Review, 30(Summer), 535-570.
32. Feldman, S. (1988). Structure and consistency in public opinion: The role of core beliefs and values. American Journal of Political Science, 32(2), 416-440.
33. Feldman, S., & Stenner, K. (1997). Perceived threat and authoritarianism. Political Psychology, 18(4), 741-770.
34. Fetzer, J. (2000). Public attitudes toward immigration in the United States, France, and Germany. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
35. Fosset, M. A., & Kiecolt, K. J. (1989). The relative size of minority populations and white racial attitudes. Social Science Quarterly, 70(4), 820-835.
36. Franklin, M. (1992). The decline of cleavage politics. In M. Franklin, T. Mackie, & H. Valen (Eds.), Electoral change: Responses to evolving social and attitudinal structures in western countries (pp. 383-405). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
37. Freeman, G. P. (1979). Immigrant labor and racial conflict in industrial societies: The French and British experience, 1945-1975. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
38. Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion: A constructionist approach. The American Journal of Sociology, 95(1), 1-37.
39. Geddes, A. (2007). The EU politics of domestic order. In K. E. Jorgensen, M. Pollack, & B. Rosamond (Eds.), The handbook of EU politics. London: Sage.
40. Gibson, J. (1998). A sober second thought: An experiment in persuading Russians to tolerate. American Journal of Political Science, 42(3), 819-850.
41. Glaser, J. (1994). Back to the Black Belt: Racial environment and White racial attitudes in the south. Journal of Politics, 56(1), 21-41.
42. Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
43. Guiraudon, V., & Lahav, G. (Eds.). (2006). Immigration policy in Europe: The politics of control. West European Politics, 29(2), March.
44. Hainmueller, J., & Hiscox, M. (2010). Attitudes toward Highly skilled and low-skilled immigration: Evidence from a survey experiment. American Political Science Review, 104(1), 61-84.
45. Hammar, T. (Ed.). (1985). European immigration policy: A comparative study. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
46. Hetherington, M. J., & Weiler, J. D. (2009). Authoritarianism and polarization in American politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
47. Hooghe, L. (Ed.). (2007). What drives Euroskepticism? Party-public cueing, ideology, and strategic opportunity. European Union Politics, 8(1), 5-150 (Special issue).
48. Huddy, L. (2001). From social to political identity: A critical examination of social identity theory. Political Psychology, 22(1), 127-156.
49. Huddy, L., Feldman, S., Taber, C., & Lahav, G. (2005). Threat, anxiety, and support of antiterrorism policies. American Journal of Political Science, 49(3), 593-608.
50. Huysmans, J. (2000). The European Union and the securitization of migration. Journal of Common Market Studies, 38(5), 751-777.
51. Huysmans, J. (2006). The politics of insecurity: Fear, migration and asylum in the EU. London: Routledge.
52. Inglehart, R. (1977). The silent revolution: Changing values and political styles among western publics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
53. Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and postmodernization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
54. Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), 339-375.
55. Kinder, D. R. (2003). Communication and politics in the age of information. In D. O. Sears, L. Huddy, & R. Jervis (Eds.), Oxford handbook of political psychology (pp. 357-393). New York: Oxford University Press.
56. Knoll, B., Redlawsk, D., & Sanborn, H. (2011). Framing labels and immigration policy attitudes in the Iowa caucuses: 'trying to out-tancredo tancredo'. Political Behavior (forthcoming).
57. Kuklinski, J. H., & Quirk, P. J. (2000). Reconsidering the rational public: Cognition, heuristics, and mass opinion. In A. Lupia, M. D. McCubbins, & S. L. Popkin (Eds.), Elements of reason: Cognition, choice, and the bounds of rationality (pp. 153-182). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
58. Lahav, G. (2000). The rise of non-state actors in migration regulation in the United States and Europe: Changing the gatekeepers or bringing back the state? In N. Foner, R. Rumbaut, & S. Gold (Eds.), Immigration research for a new century: Multidisciplinary perspectives. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
59. Lahav, G. (2003). Migration and security: the Role of non-state actors and civil liberties. United Nations, Population Division, United Nations, New York: UN/POP/MIG/2003 http://www. un. org/esa/population/publications/secoord2003/secoord. htm.
60. Lahav, G. (2004). Immigration and politics in the New Europe: Reinventing borders. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
61. Lahav, G. (2009). The effects of threat and counterterrorism on migration control. In M. Crenshaw (Ed.), The consequences of counterterrorist policies in democracies. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
62. Levine, R. A., & Campbell, D. T. (1972). Ethnocentrism: Theories of conflict, ethnic attitudes, and group behavior. New York: Wiley.
63. Lord, C., Ross, M., & Lepper, M. (1979). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(11), 2098-2109.
64. Lupia, A. (1994). Shortcuts versus encyclopedias: Information and voting behavior in California insurance reform elections. American Political Science Review, 88(1), 63-76.
65. Lyon, D. (2002). Surveillance as social sorting: Privacy, risk, and digital discrimination. New York: Routledge.
66. Marcus, G., Sullivan, J., Theiss-Morse, E., & Wood, S. (1995). With malice toward some: How people make civil liberties judgments. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
67. Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper.
68. McLaren, L. M. (2001). Immigration and the new politics of inclusion and exclusion in the European Union: The effect of elites and the EU on individual-level opinions regarding European and Non-European immigrants. European Journal of Political Research, 39(1), 81-108.
69. McLaren, L. M. (2003). Anti-immigration prejudice in Europe: Contact, threat perception, and preferences for the exclusion of migrants. Social Forces, 81(3), 909-936.
70. McLaren, L. M., & Johnson, M. (2007). Resources, group conflict and symbols: Explaining anti-immigration hostility in Britain. Political Studies, 55(4), 709-732.
71. Mears, D. (2001). The immigration-crime nexus: Toward an analytic framework for assessing and guiding theory, research and policy. Sociological Perspectives, 44(1), 1-19.
72. Messina, A. (1989). Race and party competition in Britain. Cambridge, MA: Clarendon Press.
73. Neiman, M., Johnson, M., & Bowler, S. (2006). Partisanship and views about immigration in Southern California: Just how partisan is the issue of immigration? International Migration, 44(2), 35-56.
74. Nelson, T. E., Clawson, R. A., & Oxley, Z. M. (1997). Media framing of a civil liberties conflict and its effect on tolerance. American Political Science Review, 91(3), 567-583.
75. Norris, P., Kern, M., & Just, M. R. (2003). Framing terrorism: The news media, the government, and the public. New York: Routledge.
76. Oxley, D., Smith, K., Alford, J., Hibbing, M., Miller, J., Scalora, M., et al. (2008). Political attitudes vary with physiological traits. Science, 321, 1667-1670.
77. Peffley, M. A., & Hurwitz, J. (1985). A hierarchical model of attitude restraint. American Journal of Political Science, 29(4), 871-890.
78. Peffley, M., Knigge, P., & Hurwitz, J. (2001). A multiple values model of political tolerance. Political Research Quarterly, 54(2), 379-406.
79. Petrocik, J. (1996). A theory of issue ownership and the 1980 presidential election. American Journal of Political Science, 40, 825-850.
80. Pollack, P. H., I. I. I., Lilie, S. A., & Vittes, M. E. (1993). Hard issues, core values and vertical constraint: The case of nuclear power. British Journal of Political Science, 23(1), 29-50.
81. Putnam, R. D. (2007). E pluribus unum: Diversity and community in the twenty-first century: The 2006 Johan Skytte prize lecture. Scandinavian Political Studies, 30(2), 137-174.
82. Quillian, L. (1995). Prejudice as a response to perceived group threat: Population composition and anti-immigrant and racial prejudice in Europe. American Sociological Review, 60(4), 586-611.
83. Rudolph, C. (2006). National security and immigration. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
84. Schain, M. (1988). Immigration and changes in the French party system. European Journal of Political Research, 16, 597-621.
85. Schattschneider, E. E. (1975) (1960, 1st ed.). The semisovereign people: A realist's view of democracy in America. Hinsdale, IL: Dryden Press.
86. Scheepers, P., Gijsberts, M., & Coenders, M. (2002). Ethnic exclusionism in European countries: Public opposition to civil rights for legal migrants as a response to perceived threat. European Sociological Review, 18(1), 17-34.
87. Scheve, K., & Slaughter, A.-M. (2001). Labor market competition and individual preferences over immigration policy. Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(1), 133-145.
88. Sears, D. O. (1986). College sophomores in the laboratory: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology's view of human nature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(3), 515-530.
89. Simon, J. (1989). The economic consequences of immigration. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd.
90. Sniderman, P., Fletcher, J., Russell, P., & Tetlock, P. (1996). The clash of rights: Liberty, equality, and legitimacy in pluralist democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
91. Sniderman, P. M., Hagendoorn, L., & Prior, M. (2004). Predisposing factors and situational triggers: Exclusionary reactions to immigrant minorities. American Political Science Review, 98(1), 35-49.
92. Taber, C., & Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. American Journal of Political Science, 50(3), 755-769.
93. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
94. Tichenor, D. (2002). Dividing lines: The politics of immigration control in America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
95. Time. (2006, March 29-30). http://www. pollingreport. com/immigration. htm. Accessed 1 Jan 2011.
96. Tolbert, C. J., & Hero, R. E. (1996). Race/ethnicity and direct democracy: An analysis of California's illegal immigration initiative. The Journal of Politics, 58(3), 806-818.
97. Wæver, O., Buzan, B., Kelstrup, M., & Lemaitre, P. (1993). Identity, migration and the new security agenda in Europe. London: Pinter.
98. Weiner, M. (Ed.). (1993). International migration and security. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
99. Welch, S., & Sigelman, L. (2000). Getting to know you? Latino-Anglo social contact. Social Science Quarterly, 81(1), 67-83.
100. Yankelovich, D. (1991). Coming to public judgment: Making democracy work in a complex world. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
101. Zaller, J. (1990). Political awareness, elite opinion leadership, and the mass survey response. Social Cognition, 8(1), 125-153.
102. Zolberg, A. (2000). The politics of immigration policy: An externalist perspective. In N. Foner, R. G. Rumbaut, & S. J. Gold (Eds.), Immigration research for a new century (pp. 60-68). New York: Russell Sage.