Rate and processes of river network rearrangement during incipient faulting: The case of the cahabó n river, Guatemala

American Journal of Science

Volumn 312, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 449-507

  Brocard, Gilles ^a,b   Willenbring, Jane ^b   Suski, Barbara ^a   Audra, Philippe ^c   Authemayou, Christine ^e   Cosenza Muralles, Beatriz ^d   Morá n Ical, Sergio ^e   Demory, François ^f   Rochette, Pierre ^f   Vennemann, Torsten ^a   Holliger, Klaus ^a   Teyssier, Christian ^a,g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITÉ CÔTE D'AZUR   (France)

^d UNIVERSITÉ DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE   (France)

^e UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA   (Guatemala)

^f AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY   (France)

^g UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

26Al 10Be burial dating; Drainage reorganization; Drainage reversal; Electrical resistivity; Groundwater sapping; Knickpoint propagation; Paleovalley; River capture; Tectonic defeat; Tomography

Indexed keywords

DEFORMATION MECHANISM; DRAINAGE NETWORK; ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY; FAULTING; INCISED VALLEY; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; MOUNTAIN REGION; PROVENANCE; QUATERNARY; RECONSTRUCTION; RIVER BASIN; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONIC SETTING; TOMOGRAPHY; TRANSTENSION; UPLIFT; VALLEY FILL;

CAHABON RIVER; GUATEMALA [CENTRAL AMERICA];

EID: 84865321750     PISSN: 00029599     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2475/05.2012.01     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Allen, P. A., and Densmore, A. L., 2000, Sediment flux from an uplifting fault block: Basin Research, 12, n. 3-4, p. 367-380, http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/ j.1365-2117.2000.00135.x (Pubitemid 32286021)
2. Attal, M., and Lavé, J., 2005, Changes of bedload characteristics along the Marsyandi River (Central Nepal): implications for understanding hillslope sediment supply, sediment load evolution along fluvial networks and denudation in active orogenic belts, in Willett, S. D., Hovius, N., Brandon, M. T., and Fisher, D. M., editors, Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 398, p. 143-171, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2398(09)
3. Attal, M., Tucker, G. E., Whittaker, A. C., Cowie, P. A., and Roberts, G. P., 2008, Modeling fluvial incision and transient landscape evolution: Influence of dynamic channel adjustment: Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface, v. 113, F03013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000893
4. Authemayou, C., Brocard, G., Teyssier, C., Simon-Labric, T., Chiqui'n, E. N., Guttierrez, A., and Mora'n, S., 2011, The Caribbean-North America-Cocos Triple Junction and the dynamics of the Polochic-Motagua fault system: Pull-up and a zipper model: Tectonics, 30, TC3010, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ 2010TC002814
5. Authemayou, C., Brocard, G., Teyssier, C., Suski, B., Cosenza, B., Moran-Ical, S., Gonzalez-Ve'liz, C. W., Aguilar-Hengstenberg, M. A., and Hollinger K., 2012, Quaternary seismo-tectonic activity of the Polochic Fault, Guatemala: Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1029/2011JB009444
6. Baker, V. R., Kochel, R. C., Laity, J. E., and Howard, A. D., 1990, Spring sapping and valley network development, with case studies, in Higgins, C. G., and Coates, D. R., editors, Groundwater Geomorphology: The Role of Subsurface Water in Earth-Processes and Landforms: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 252, p. 235-265.
7. Balco, G., Stone, J. O., Lifton, N. A., and Dunai, T. J., 2008, A complete and easily accessible means of calculating surface exposure ages or erosion rates from 10Be and 26Al measurements: Quaternary Geochronology, v. 3, n. 3, p. 174-195, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2007.12.001
8. Bierman, P. R., and Caffee, M., 2001, Slow rates of rock surface erosion and sediment production across the Namib Desert and Escarpment, Southern Africa: American Journal of Science, 301, n. 4-5, p. 326-358, http://dx.doi.org/10. 2475/ajs.301.4-5.326
9. Binley, A., and Kemna, A., 2005, DC resistivity and induced polarization methods, in Rubin, Y., and Hubbard, S. S., editors, Hydrogeophysics: Dordrecht, Springer, Water Science and Technology, v. 50, p. 129-156, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1007/1-4020-3102-5-5
10. Bishop, P., 1995, Drainage rearrangement by river capture, beheading and diversion: Progress in physical geography, v. 19, n. 4, p. 449-473, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339501900402 (Pubitemid 26442403)
11. Bishop, P., Hoey, T. B., Jansen, J. D., and Lexartza-Artza, I., 2005, Knickpoint recession rate and catchment area: the case of uplifted rivers in Eastern Scotland: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 30, n. 6, p. 767-778, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1191 (Pubitemid 40906496)
12. Blott, S. J., and Pye, K., 2001, GRADISTAT: a grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 26, n. 11, p. 1237-1248, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ esp.261 (Pubitemid 32980826)
13. Bonnet, S., 2009, Shrinking and splitting of drainage basins in orogenic landscapes from the migration of the main drainage divide: Nature Geoscience, v. 2, p. 766-771, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo666
14. Braucher, R., Bourlès, D. L., Colin, F., Brown E. T. and Boulange, B., 1998, Brazilian laterite dynamics using in situ-produced 10Be: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 163, n. 1-4, p. 197-205, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/S0012-821X(98)00187-3 (Pubitemid 29094460)
15. Bridgland, D. R., and Gibbard, P. L., 1997, Quaternary river diversions in the London Basin and the Eastern English Channel: Ge'ographie physique et Quaternaire, v. 51, n. 3, p. 337-346. (Pubitemid 127626141)
16. Brocard, G., Teyssier, C., Dunlap, W. J., Authemayou, C., Simon-Labric, T., Cacao-Chiqui'n, E. N., Guttie'rrez-Orrego, A., and Mora'n-Ical, S., 2011, Reorganization of a deeply incised drainage: role of deformation, sedimentation, and groundwater flow: Basin Research, v. 23, n. 6, p. 631-651, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00510.x
17. Brocard, G. Y., and van der Beek, P. A., 2006, Influence of incision rate, rock strength, and bedload supply on rate on bedrock river gradients and valley-flat widths: Field-based evidence and calibrations from western Alpine rivers (southeast France), in Willett S. D., Hovius, N., Brandon, M. T., and Fisher, D. M., editors, Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 398, p. 101-125, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ 2006.2398(07)
18. Brookfield, M. E., 1998, The evolution of the great river systems of southern Asia during the Cenozoic India-Asia collision: rivers draining southwards: Geomorphology, v. 22, n. 3-4, p. 285-312, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0169-555X(97)00082-2 (Pubitemid 28409706)
19. Burbank, D. W., Leland, J., Fielding, E., Anderson, R. S., Brozovic, N., Reid, M. R., and Duncan C., 1996, Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas: Nature, v. 379, p. 505-510, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/379505a0
20. Caputo, R., Piscitelli, S., Oliveto, A., Rizzo, E., and Lapenna, V., 2003, The use of electrical resistivity tomographies in active tectonic studies: Examples from the Tyrnavos Basin, Greece: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 36, n. 1-2, p. 19-35, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-3707(03)00036-X (Pubitemid 36881933)
21. Castelltort, S., and Simpson, G., 2006, River spacing and drainage network growth in widening mountain ranges: Basin Research, v. 18, n. 3, p. 267-276, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2006.00293.x (Pubitemid 44354553)
22. Chmeleff, J., Horn, I., Steinhoefel, G., and Von Blanckenburg, F., 2008, In-situ determination of precise stable Si isotope ratios by UV-femtosecond laser ablation high-resolution multi-collector ICP-MS: Chemical Geology, v. 249, n. 1-2, p. 155-166, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.12.003
23. Chmeleff, J., von Blanckenburg, F., Kosser, K., and Jakob, D., 2010, Determination of the 10Be half-life by multicollecter ICP-MS and liquid scintillation counting: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, v. 268, n. 2, p. 192-199, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.012
24. Clendenon, C., 2009, Karst hydrology in ancient myths from Arcadia and Argolis, Greece: Acta Carsologica, v. 38, n. 1, p. 145-154.
25. Cogné, J. P., 2003, PaleoMac: A Macintosh™ application for treating paleomagnetic data and making plate reconstructions: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 4, n. 1, p. 1007, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ 2001GC000227
26. Cowie, P. A., Attal, M., Tucker, G. E., Whittaker, A. C., Naylor, M., Ganas, A., and Roberts G. P., 2006, Investigating the surface process response to fault interaction and linkage using a numerical modelling approach: Basin Research, v. 18, n. 3, p. 231-266, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2006. 00298.x (Pubitemid 44349990)
27. Cowie, P. A., Whittaker, A. C., Attal, M., Roberts, G., Tucker, G. E., and Ganas, A., 2008, New constraints on sediment-flux-dependent river incision: implications for extracting tectonic signals from river profiles: Geology, v. 36, n. 7, p. 535-538, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G24681A.1
28. Craw, D., Youngston, J. H., and Koons, P. O., 1999, Gold dispersal and placer formation in an active oblique collisional mountain belt, Southern Alps, New Zealand: Economic Geology, v. 94, n. 5, p. 605-614, http://dx.doi.org/10. 2113/gsecongeo.94.5.605 (Pubitemid 30024710)
29. Crosby, B., and Whipple, K. X., 2006, Knickpoint initiation and distribution within fluvial networks: 236 waterfalls in the Waipaoa River, North Island, New Zealand: Geomorphology, v. 82, n. 1-2, p. 16-38, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.08.023 (Pubitemid 44696137)
30. DeMets, C., Jansma, P. E., Mattioli, G. S., Dixon, T. H., Farina, F., Bilham, R., Calais, E., and Mann, P., 2000, GPS geodetic constraints on Caribbean-North America plate motion: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, n. 3, p. 437-440, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL005436
31. Densmore, A. L., Dawers, N. H., Gupta, S., and Guidon, R., 2005, What sets topographic relief in extensional footwall: Geology, v. 33, n. 6, p. 453-456, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G21440.1 (Pubitemid 40829832)
32. Diaferia, I., Barchi, M., Loddo, M., Schiavone, D., and Siniscalchi, A., 2006, Detailed imaging of tectonic structures by multiscale Earth resistivity tomographies: The Colfiorito normal faults (central Italy): Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, L09305, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025828
33. Donnelly, T. W., Horne, G. S., Finch, R. C., and Lo'pez-Ramos, E., 1990, Northern Central America: The Maya and Chortis blocks, in Dengo, G. and Case, J. E., editors, The Caribbean region: Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. H. p. 37-76.
34. Douglas, J., and Schmeeckle, M., 2007, Analogue modeling of transverse drainage mechanisms: Geomorphology, v. 84, n. 1-2, p. 22-43, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.06.004 (Pubitemid 46117874)
35. Drexler, W. J., Rose, W. L., Sparks, R. S. J., and Ledbetter, M. T., 1980, The Los Chocoyos Ash, Guatemala: A major stratigraphic marker in Middle America and in three ocean basins: Quaternary Research, v. 13, n. 3, p. 327-345, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(80)90061-7 (Pubitemid 10254005)
36. Dunai, T. J., 2001, Influence of secular variation of the geomagnetic field on production rates of in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 193, n. 1-2, p. 197-212, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/S0012-821X(01)00503-9 (Pubitemid 34002464)
37. Dunne T., 1990, Hydrology, mechanics, and geomorphic implications of erosion by subsurface flow, in Higgins, C. G., and Coates, D. R., editors, Groundwater Geomorphology: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 252, p. 1-28.
38. Ellis, M., Densmore, A. L., and Anderson, R. S, 1999, Development of mountainous topography in the Basin Ranges, USA: Basin Research, v. 11, n. 1, p. 21-41, http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.1999.00087.x (Pubitemid 29388541)
39. Finnegan, N. J., Roe, G., Montgomery, D. R., and Hallet, B., 2005, Controls of the channel width of rivers: Implications for modeling fluvial incision of bedrock: Geology, v. 33, n. 3, p. 229-232, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1130/G21171.1 (Pubitemid 40413064)
40. Fisher, R., 1953, Dispersion on a sphere: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, A 217, n. 1130, p. 295-305, http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa. 1953.0064
41. Frankel, K. L., and Pazzaglia, F. J., 2006, Mountain fronts, base-level fall, and landscape evolution: insights from the southern Rocky Mountains, in Willet, S. D., Hovius, N., Brandon, M. T., and Fisher, D. M., editors, Tectonics, climate and landscape evolution: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 398, p. 419-434, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2398(26)
42. Gabbard, D. S., Huang, C., Norton, L. D., and Steinhardt, G. C., 1997, Landscape position, surface hydraulic gradients and erosion processes: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 23, n. 1, p. 83-93, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199801)23:1-83::AID-ESP825-3.0.CO;2-Q (Pubitemid 128620904)
43. Garcia-Castellanos, D., Vergès, J., Gaspar-Escribano, J., and Cloethingh, S., 2003, Interplay between tectonics, climate, and fluvial transport during the Cenozoic evolution of the Ebro Basin (NE Iberia): Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, 2347, n. B7, 2347, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ 2002JB002073
44. Granger, D. E., and Muzikar, P. F., 2001, Dating sediment burial with in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides: theory, techniques and limitations: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 188, n. 1-2, p. 269-281, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/S0012-821X(01)00309-0 (Pubitemid 32516591)
45. Granger, D. E., Kirchner, J. W., and Finkel, R. C., 1997, Quaternary downcutting rate of the New River, Virginia, measured from differential decay of cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be in cave deposited alluvium: Geology, v. 25, n. 2, p. 107-110, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025-0107:QDROTN-2.3.CO;2 (Pubitemid 127554768)
46. Hack, J. T., 1960, Interpretation of erosional topography in humid temperate regions: American Journal of Science, v. 258-A, p. 80-97.
47. Haeuselmann P., Granger, D. E., Jeannin, P.-Y., and Lauritzen, S.-E., 2007, Abrupt glacial valley incision at 0.8 Ma dated from cave deposits in Switzerland: Geology, v. 35, n. 2, p. 143-146, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G23094A
48. Hallet, B., and Molnar, P., 2001, Distorted drainage basins as markers of crustal strain east of the Himalaya. Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 106, B7, p. 13697-13709, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900335
49. Harbor, D. J., 1997, Landscape evolution at the margin of the Basin and Range: Geology, v. 25, n. 12, p. 1111-1114, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091- 7613(1997)025-1111:LEATMO-2.3.CO;2
50. -1998, Dynamic equilibrium between an active uplift and the Sevier River, Utah: The Journal of Geology, v. 106, n. 2, p. 181-194, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1086/516015
51. Heidbreder, E., Pinkau, K., Reppin, C., and Schöenfelder, V., 1971, Measurements of the distribution in energy and angle of high-energy neutrons in the lower atmosphere: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 76, n. 13, p. 2905-2916, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JA076i013p02905
52. Hill, C. A., Eberz, N., and Buecher, R. H., 2008, A karst connection model for Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA: Geomorphology, v. 95, n. 3-4, p. 316-334, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.06.009
53. Hillesheim, M. B., Hodell, D. A., Leyden, B. W., Brenner, M., Curtis, J. H., Anselmetti, F. S., Ariztegui, D., Buck, D. G., Guilderson, T. P., Rosenmeier, M. F., and Schnurrenberger, D. W., 2005, Climate change in lowland Central America during the late deglacial and early Holocene: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 20, n. 4, p. 363-376, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.924 (Pubitemid 40757795)
54. Hoorn, C., Guerrero, J., Sarmiento, G. A., and Lorente, M. A., 1995, Andean tectonics as a cause for changing drainage pattern in Miocene northern South America: Geology, v. 23, n. 3, p. 237-240, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091- 7613(1995)023-0237:ATAACF-2.3.CO;2
55. Horton, B. K., and DeCelles, P. G., 2001, Modern and ancient fluvial megafans in the foreland basin system of the central Andes, southern Bolivia: Implications for drainage network evolution in fold-thrust belts: Basin Research, v. 13, n. 1, p. 43-63, http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.2001. 00137.x (Pubitemid 32258855)
56. Hötzl, H., 1996, Origin of the Danube-Aach system: Environmental Geology, v. 27, n. 2, p. 87-96, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050034
57. Hovius, N., 1996, Regular spacing of drainage outlets from linear mountain belts: Basin Research, v. 8, n. 1, p. 29-44, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ j.1365-2117.1996.tb00113.x (Pubitemid 126571399)
58. Hovius, N., Stark, C. P., Tutton, M. A., and Abbott, L. D., 1998, Landslide-driven drainage network evolution in a pre-steady-state mountain belt: Finisterre Mountains, Papua New Guinea: Geology, v. 26, n. 12, p. 1071-1074, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026-1071:LDDNEI-2.3.CO;2 (Pubitemid 29160743)
59. Humphrey, N. F., and Konrad, S. K., 2000, River incision or diversion in response to bedrock uplift: Geology, v. 28, 1, p. 43-46, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1130/0091-7613(2000)28-43:RIODIR-2.0.CO;2 (Pubitemid 32835978)
60. Ivy-Ochs, S., ms, 1996, The dating of rock surfaces using in situ produced 10Be, 26Al and 36Cl, with example from Antarctica and the Swiss Alps: Zü rich, Switzerland, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Ph. D. thesis, Zurich, Diss. ETH 11763.
61. Jackson, J., and Leeder, M., 1994, Drainage systems and the development of normal faults: an example from Pleasant Valley, Nevada: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 16, n. 8, p. 1041-1059, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(94) 90051-5
62. Jackson, J. A., Norris, R., and Youngson, J., 1996, The structural evolution of active fault and fold systems in central Otago, New Zealand: evidence revealed by drainage patterns: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 18, n. 2-3, p. 217-234, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(96)80046-0
63. Jaffey, N., and Robertson, A., 2005, Non-marine sedimentation associated with Oligocene-Recent exhumation and uplift of the Central Taurus Mountains, S. Turkey: Sedimentary Geology, v. 173, n. 1-4, p. 53-89, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.sedgeo.2003.11.025 (Pubitemid 40106456)
64. Keller, E. A., Gurrola, L., and Tierney, T. E., 1999, Geomorphic criteria to determine direction of lateral propagation of reverse faulting and folding: Geology, v. 27, n. 6, p. 515-518, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027- 0515:GCTDDO-2.3.CO;2 (Pubitemid 29483689)
65. Kirschvink, J. L., 1980, The least-squares line and plane and the analysis of paleomagnetic data: Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 62, p. 699-718, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1980.tb02601.x
66. Kohl, C. P., and Nishiizumi, K., 1992, Chemical isolation of quartz for measurement of in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides: Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, n. 9, p. 3583-3587, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90401-4 (Pubitemid 23385265)
67. Korschinek, G., Bergmaier, A., Faestermann, T., Gerstmann, U. C., Knie, K., Rugel, G., Wallner, A., Dillmann, I., Dollinger, G., Lierse, von Gostomski, C., Kossert, K., Maite, M., Poutivtsev, M., and Remmert, A., 2010, A new value for the half-life of 10Be by heavy-ion elastic recoil detection and liquid scintillation counting: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, v. 268, n. 2, p. 187-191, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.020
68. Lachniet, M. S., and Vazquez-Selem, L., 2005, Last Glacial Maximum equilibrium line altitudes in the circum-Caribbean (Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Venezuela): Quaternary International, v. 138-139, p. 129-144, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2005.02.010 (Pubitemid 40912025)
69. Lal, D., 1991, Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces: in-situ nuclide production rates and erosion models: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 104, p. 424-439, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(91)90220-C
70. Lavé, J., and Avouac, J. P., 2001, Fluvial incision and tectonic uplift across the Himalayas of central Nepal: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 106, B11, p. 26,561-26,593, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000359
71. Leeder, M. R., and Jackson, J. A., 1993, The interaction between normal faulting and drainage in active extensional basins, with examples from the western United States and central Greece: Basin Research, v. 5, n. 2, p. 79-102, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.1993.tb00059.x
72. Lodolo, E., Menichetti, M., Guzma'n-Speziale, M., Giunta, G., and Zanolla, C., 2009, Deep crustal setting of the North American-Caribbean plate Boundary in Eastern Guatemala: Geofi'sica International, v. 48, n. 3, p. 263-277.
73. Loke, M. H., and Barker, R. D., 1996, Rapid least-squares inversion of apparent resistivity pseudosections by a quasi-Newton method: Geophysical Prospecting, v. 44, n. 1, p. 131-152, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478. 1996.tb00142.x
74. Losson, B., and Quinif, Y., 2001, La capture de la Moselle. Nouvelles donne'es chronologiques par datations U-Th sur spe'le'othèmes: Karstologia, v. 37, p. 29-40.
75. Lugeon, M., 1901, Recherches sur l'origine des valle'es des Alpes Occidentales: Annales de Ge'ographie, v. 10, n. 52, p. 295-317, and v. 10, n. 54, p. 401-428.
76. Lyon-Caen, H., Barrier, E., Lasserre, C., Franco, A., Arzu, I., Chiqui'n, L., Chiqui'n, M., Duquesnoy, T., Flores, O., Galicia, O., Luna, J., Molina, E., Porras, O., Requena, J., Robles, V., Romero, J., and Wolf, R., 2006, Kinematics of the North American-Caribbean-Cocos plates in Central America from new GPS measurements across the Polochic-Motagua fault system: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, p. L19309, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029-2006GL027694
77. Maher, E., Harvey, A. M., and France, D., 2007, The impact of a major Quaternary river capture on the alluvial sediments of a beheaded river system, the Rio Alias, SE Spain: Geomorphology, v. 84, n. 3-4, p. 344-356, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.034 (Pubitemid 46179101)
78. Mather, A. E., 2000, Adjustment of a drainage network to capture induced base-level change: an example from the Sorbas Basin, SE Spain: Geomorphology, 34, n. 3-4, p. 271-289, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00013-1
79. McBirney, A. R., 1963, Geology of a part of the Central Guatemalan Cordillera: University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, v. 38, n. 4, p. 177-242.
80. Miller, R. S., and Slingerland, R. L., 2006, Topographic advection on fault-bend folds: inheritance of valley positions and the formation of wind gaps: Geology, v. 34, n. 9, p. 769-772, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G22658.1 (Pubitemid 44430763)
81. Nguyen, F., Garambois, S., Jongmans, D., Pirard, E., and Locke, M., 2005, Image processing of 2D resistivity data for imaging faults: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 57, n. 4, p. 260-277, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005. 02.001 (Pubitemid 40875978)
82. Nishiizumi, K., Wintere, E. L., Kohl, C. P., Klein, J., Middleton, R., Lal, D., and Arnold, J. R., 1989, Cosmic ray production rates of 10Be and 26Al in quartz from glacially polished rocks: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 94, B12, p. 17907-17915, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB12p17907
83. Pederson, D. T., 2001, Stream piracy revisited: a groundwater sapping solution: GSA Today, v. 11, n. 9, p. 4-10, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/1052- 5173(2001)011-0004:SPRAGS-2.0.CO;2 (Pubitemid 33669633)
84. Pissard, A., Harmand, D., and Krook, L., 1997, L'e'volution de la Meuse de Toul à Maastricht depuis le Miocène: Corre'lations chronologiques et traces des captures de la Meuse lorraine d'après les mine'raux denses: Ge'ographie physique et Quaternaire, v. 51, n. 3, p. 267-284. (Pubitemid 127626136)
85. Plug, L. J., Gosse, J. C., McIntosh, J. J., and Bigley, R., 2007, Attenuation of cosmic ray flux in temperate forest: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 112, F02022, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000668
86. Ramsey, L. A., Hovius, N., Haines, J. A., and Hu, J. C., 2004, Entrenched, transverse rivers as geomorphic strain markers: insights from south-eastern Taïwan: EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, v. 85, n. 47, Fall Meeting Supplement, abstract T11D-1318.
87. Replumaz, A., Lacassin, R., Tapponnier, P., and Leloup, P. H., 2001, Long-term river offset and Plioduring Quaternary slip-rate on the Red River fault (Yunnan, China): Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 106, n. B1, p. 819-836, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900135
88. Rizzo, E., Colella, A., Lapenna, V., and Piscitelli, S., 2004, High-resolution images of the fault-controlled High Agri Valley basin (Southern Italy) with deep and shallow electrical resistivity tomographies: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 29, n. 4-9, p. 321-327, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. pce.2003.12.002 (Pubitemid 38672781)
89. Rohais, S., Eschard, R., Ford, M., Guillocheau, F., and Moretti, I., 2007, Stratigraphic architecture of the Plio-Pleistocene infill of the Corinth Rift: Implications for its structural evolution: Tectonophysics, v. 440, n. 1-4, p. 5-28, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.11.006 (Pubitemid 47071672)
90. Rose, W. I., Newhall, C. G., Bornhorst, T. J., and Self, S., 1986, Quaternary silicic pyroclastic deposits of Atitla'n Caldera, Guatemala, in Williams, S. N., and Carr, M. J., editors, Richard E. Stoiber 75th birthday volume: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 33, p. 57-80, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(87)90054-0
91. Rozanski, K., Araguas-Araguas, L., and Giofiantini, R., 1993, Isotopic patterns in modern global precipitation, in Swart, P. K., Lohman, K. C., McKenzie, J., and Savin, S., editors, Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records: AGU, Washington, D. C., Geophysical Monograph Series, AGU, Washington, D. C. v. 78, p. 1-36, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/GM078p0001
92. Rykwalder, P., 2008, Back-to-back adventures south of the border: National Speleological Society of America News, v. 66, n. 3, p. 9-19.
93. Samworth, E. A., Warburton, E. K., and Engelbertink, G. A. P., 1972, Beta decay of the 26Al ground state: Physical Review C, v. 5, n. 1, p. 138-142, http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.5.138
94. Schaller, M., von Blanckenburg, F., Hovius, N., and Kubik, P. W., 2001, Large scale erosion rate from in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides in European river sediments: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 188, n. 3-4, p. 441-458, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00320-X (Pubitemid 32608705)
95. Schlunegger, F., Slingerland, R., and Matter, A., 1998, Crustal thickening and crustal extension as controls on the evolution of the drainage network of the central Swiss Alps between 30 Ma and the present: constraints from the stratigraphy of the North Alpine Foreland basin and the structural evolution of the Alps: Basin Research, v. 10, n. 2, p. 197-212, http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.1998.00063.x
96. Seeber, L., and Gornitz, V., 1983, River profiles along the Himalayan arc as indicators of active tectonics: Tectonophysics, v. 92, n. 4, p. 335-367, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(83)90201-9 (Pubitemid 13502727)
97. Seginer I., 1966, Gully development and sediment yield: Journal of Hydrology, v. 4, p. 236-253, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(66)90082-5
98. Stein, R. S., and Barrientos, S. E., 1985, Planar high-angle faulting in the Basin and Range: Geodetic analysis of the 1983 Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 90, n. B13, p. 11,355-11,366, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB13p11355
99. Stock, G. M., Anderson, R. S., and Finkel, R. C., 2004, Pace of landscape evolution in the Sierra Nevada, California, revealed by cosmogenic dating of cave sediments: Geology, v. 32, n. 3, p. 193-196, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ G20197.1 (Pubitemid 38423516)
100. Strahler, A. N., 1945, Hypotheses of stream development in the folded Appalachians of Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 56, n. 1, p. 45-88, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[45:HOSDIT]2.0.CO;2
101. Suski, B., Brocard, G., Authemayou, C., Consenza Muralles, B., Teyssier, C., and Holliger, K., 2010, Localization and characterization of an active fault in an urbanized area in central Guatemala by means of geoelectrical imaging: Tectonophysics, v. 480, n. 1-4, p. 88-98, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto. 2009.09.028
102. Süzen, M. L., Toprak, V., and Rojay, B., 2006, High altitude Plio-Quaternary fluvial deposits and their implication on the tilt of a horst, western Anatolia, Turkey: Geomorphology, v. 74, n. 1-4, p. 80-99, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.012
103. Swissboring Overseas, 2001, Estudio geote'cnico sub-estacio'n ele'ctrica Tactic, 30 p.
104. Talling, P. J., Stewart, M. D., Stark, C. P., Gupta, S., and Vincent, S. J., 1997, Regular spacing of drainage outlets from linear fault blocks: Basin research, v. 9, n. 4, p. 275-302, http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.1997. 00048.x
105. Thouveny, N., Bourlès, D. L., Saracco, G., Carcaillet, J. T., and Bassinot, F., 2008, Paleoclimatic context of geomagnetic dipole lows and excursions in the Brunhes, clue for an orbital influence on the geodynamo?: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 275, n. 3-4, p. 269-284, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.020
106. Tucker, G. E., and Whipple, K. X., 2002, Topographic outcomes predicted by stream erosion models: Sensitivity analysis and inter-model comparison: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, n. B9, 2179, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ 2001JB000162
107. Van der Beek, P., Champel, B., and Mugnier, J.-L., 2002, Control of detachment dip on drainage development in regions of active fault-propagation folding: Geology, v. 30, n. 5, p. 471-474, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091- 7613(2002)030-0471:CODDOD-2.0.CO;2 (Pubitemid 34667944)
108. Vanneste, K., Verbeeck, K., and Petermans, T., 2008, Pseudo-3D imaging of a low-slip-rate, active normal fault using shallow geophysical methods: The Geleen fault in the Belgian Maas River valley: Geophysics, v. 73, n. 1, p. B1-B9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2816428
109. Vogt, P. R., 1991, Estuarine stream piracy: Calvert County, U.S. Atlantic coastal plain: Geology, v. 19, n. 7, p. 754-757, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ 0091-7613(1991)019-0754:ESPCCU-2.3.CO;2
110. Weissel, J. K., and Seidl, M. A., 1998, Inland propagation of erosional escarpments and river profile evolution across the southeast Australian passive continental margin, in Tinkler K., and Wohl E., editors, Rivers over rock: fluvial processes in bedrock channels: American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph Series, v. 107, p. 189-206, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/GM107p0189
111. Whipple, K. X., and Tucker, G. E., 2002, Implications of sediment-flux dependent river incision models for landscape evolution: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, n. B2, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000044
112. Whittaker, A. C., Cowie, P. A., Attal, M., Tucker, G. E., and Roberts, G. P., 2007, Contrasting transient and steady-state rivers crossing active normal faults: new field observations from the Central Apennines, Italy: Basin Research, v. 19, n. 4, p. 529-556, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2007. 00337.x (Pubitemid 350200951)
113. Whittaker, A. C., Attal M., Cowie P. A., Tucker G. E., and Roberts G., 2008, Decoding temporal and spatial patterns of fault uplift using transient river long profiles: Geomorphology, v. 100, n. 3-4, p. 506-526, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.01.018
114. Zijderveld, J. D. A., 1967, The natural remanent magnetization of the Exeter Volcanic Traps (Permian, Europe): Tectonophysics, v. 4, n. 2, p. 121-153, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(67)90048-0