"We Have Been Sensitized": Ex-Combatants, Marginalization, and Youth in Postwar Sierra Leone

American Anthropologist

Volumn 114, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 496-508

  Bolten, Catherine ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

Author keywords

Ex combatants; Sierra Leone; States of exception; Transitional justice; Youth

Indexed keywords

EID: 84865319218     PISSN: 00027294     EISSN: 15481433     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1548-1433.2012.01448.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Abdullah, Ibrahim 1998 Bush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front/Sierra Leone. Journal of Modern African Studies 36(2): 203-235.
2. Abdullah, Ibrahim, and Patrick Muana 1998 The Revolutionary United Front of Sierra Leone: A Revolt of the Lumpenproletariat. In African Guerrillas. Christopher Clapham, ed. Oxford : James Currey.
3. Agamben, Giorgio 1998 Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Palo Alto : Stanford University Press.
4. Agamben, Giorgio 2001 NCDDR Talks Face to Face with RUF in Makeni. Salone Times. May 1, 2001.
5. Anonymous 2005 State of Exception. Chicago : University of Chicago Press Anonymous (unattributed Sierra Leonean journal article)
6. Archibald, Steven, and Paul Richards 2002 Converts to Human Rights? Popular Debate about War and Justice in Rural Central Sierra Leone. Africa: Journal of the International Africa Institute 72(3):339-367.
7. Arendt, Hannah 1979 The Origins of Totalitarianism. New York : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
8. Bledsoe, Caroline 1990 'No Success Without Struggle': Social Mobility and Hardship for Foster Children in Sierra Leone. Man (NS) 25(1):70-88.
9. Bolten, Catherine 2008 "The Place is So Backward": Durable Morality and Creative Development in Northern Sierra Leone. Dissertation submitted to the University of Michigan. Ann Arbor : ProQuest.
10. Bolten, Catherine 2009 The Agricultural Impasse: Creating "Normal" Post-War Development in Sierra Leone. The Journal of Political Ecology 16:70-86.
11. Bolten, Catherine (forthcoming A) Poisoned Patronage: Appropriating Aid and Pulling Down Big Men in Northern Sierra Leone. In Globalization, Social Movements, and Peacebuilding. J. Smith, and E. Verdeja, eds. Syracuse : Syracuse University Press.
12. Bolten, Catherine (forthcoming B) I Did It to Save My Life: Love and Survival in Sierra Leone. Berkeley : University of California Press.
13. Chayes, Antonia, and Martha Minow 2003 Imagine Co-Existence: Restoring Humanity after Violent Ethnic Conflict. New York : Jossey-Bass.
14. Coulter, Chris 2009 Bush Wives and Girl Soldiers: Women's Lives through War and Peace in Sierra Leone. Ithaca : Cornell University Press.
15. Das, Veena 2000 The Act of Witnessing. In Violence and Subjectivity. V. Das, et. al. eds. Berkeley : University of California Press.
16. Fanthorpe, Richard, and Roy Maconachie 2010 Beyond the 'Crisis of Youth'? Mining, Farming, and Civil Society in Post-War Sierra Leone. Africa Affairs 109(435):251-272.
17. Ferme, Mariane 1999 Staging Plitisi: The Dialogics of Publicity and Secrecy in Sierra Leone. In Civil Society and the Political Imagination in Africa. John, and Jean Comoroff, eds. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
18. Ferme, Mariane 2001 The Underneath of Things: Violence, History, and the Everyday in Sierra Leone. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
19. Finnström, Sverker 2008 Living with Bad Surroundings: War, History, and Everyday Moments in Northern Uganda. Durham : Duke University Press.
20. Gberie, Lansana 2005 A Dirty War in West Africa: The RUF and the Destruction of Sierra Leone. Bloomington : Indiana University Press.
21. Ginifer, Jeremy 2003 Reintegration of Ex-Combatants. In Peacekeeping in Sierra Leone: UNAMSIL Hits the Home Straight. Mark Malan, Phenyo Rakate, and Angela McIntyre, eds. Pretoria : Institute for Security Studies.
22. GOSL, (Government of Sierra Leone) 2002 National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Briefing Note. Freetown : GOSL.
23. GOSL, (Government of Sierra Leone) 2003 Sierra Leone National Youth Policy. Freetown : GOSL.
24. Hanlon, Joseph 2005 Is the International Community Helping to Recreate the Preconditions for War in Sierra Leone? The Round Table 94(381):459-472.
25. Hatzfeld, Jean 2007 The Antelope's Strategy: Living in Rwanda after the Genocide. Linda Coverdale, trans. New York : Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
26. Hoffer, Carol 1974 Madam Yoko: Ruler of the Kpa Mende Confederacy. In Woman, Culture & Society. Michelle Rosaldo, and Louise Lamphere, eds. Palo Alto : Stanford University Press.
27. Hoffman, Daniel 2001 Violence, Just in Time: War and Work in Contemporary West Africa. Cultural Anthropology 26(1): 34-57.
28. Hoffman, Elisabeth 2008 Reconciliation in Sierra Leone: Local Processes Yield Global Lessons. The Fletcher Forum for World Affairs 32(2): 129-141.
29. Jensen, Steffen 2008 Gangs, Politics, and Dignity in Cape Town. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
30. Kargbo, Ibrahim 2001 Commentary: North and Kono District Abandoned? The New Citizen 5(30) Page 2. April 17, 2001.
31. Kelsall, Tim 2005 Truth, Lies, Ritual: Preliminary Reflections on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Sierra Leone. Human Rights Quarterly 27: 361-391.
32. Kilson, Martin 1966 Political Change in a West African State. Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
33. Kingma, Kees 1997 Demobilization of Combatants after Civil wars in Africa and their Reintegration into Civilian Life. Policy Sciences. 30(3): 151-165.
34. Leach, Melissa 1994 Rainforest Relations: Gender and Resource Use among the Mende of Gola, Sierra Leone. Washington, DC : Smithsonian Institute Press.
35. Metsola, Lalli 2006 'Reintegration' of Ex-Combatants and Former Fighters: A lens into state formation and citizenship in Namibia. Third World Quarterly 27(6): 1119-1135.
36. Murphy, William 2003 Military Patrimonialism and Child Soldier Clientalism in the Liberian and Sierra Leonean Civil Wars. African Studies Review 46(2): 61-87.
37. Njeru, Shastry 2010 Dealing with the Past: The Youth and Post-War Recovery in Southern Sudan. African Journal on Conflict Resolution 10(3): 29-50.
38. Peters, Krijn 2006 Footpaths to Reintegration: Armed Conflict, Youth, and the Rural Crisis in Sierra Leone. Dissertation submitted at Wagenigen University.
39. Peters, Krijn, and Paul Richards 1998 Why We Fight: Voices of Youth Combatants in Sierra Leone. Africa: Journal of the International Africa Institute 68(2):183-210
40. Rashid, Ismail 2004 Student Radicals, Lumpen Youth, and the Origins of Revolutionary Groups in Sierra Leone, 1977-1996. In Between Democracy and Terror: The Sierra Leone Civil War. Ibrahim Abdullah, ed. Dakar : CODESRIA.
41. Richards, Paul 1996 Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth, and Resources in Sierra Leone. Oxford : James Currey.
42. Schafer, Jessica 1998 A baby who does not cry will not be suckled": AMODEG and the Reintegration of Demobilized Soldiers. Journal of Southern African Studies 24(1): 207-222.
43. Shaw, Rosalind 2005 Rethinking Truth and Reconciliation Commissions: Lessons from Sierra Leone. Special Report 130. Washington, DC : United States Institute of Peace.
44. Shepler, Susan 2004 The Social and Cultural Contexts of Child Soldiering in Sierra Leone. Paper for the PRIO sponsored workshop on Techniques of Violence in Civil War. Oslo, August 20-21.
45. Shepler, Susan 2005 The Rites of the Child: Global Discourses of Youth and Reintegrating Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone. The Journal of Human Rights 4: 197-211.
46. Terry, Sara 2011 Fambul Tok. Produced by Catalyst for Peace.
47. Utas, Mats 2003 Sweet Battlefields: Youth and the Liberian Civil War. Uppsala University dissertation in Cultural Anthropology, 1. 228 pp. Uppsala.
48. Utas, Mats 2005 Building a Future? The Reintegration & Remarginalization of Youth in Liberia. In No Peace No War: An Anthropology of Contemporary Armed Conflicts. Paul Richards, ed. Athens : Ohio University Press.
49. Uvin, Peter 2009 Life after Violence: A People's Story of Burundi. London : Zed Books.
50. Young, Allen 1997 Suffering and the Origins of Traumatic Memory. In Social Suffering. A. Kleinman, V. Das, and M. Lock, eds. Berkeley : University of California Press.
51. Hoffman, Daniel 2001 Violence, Just in Time: War and Work in Contemporary West Africa. Cultural Anthropology 26(1): 34-57.