Postexercise cooling interventions and the effects on exercise-induced heat stress in a temperate environment

Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism

Volumn 37, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 965-975

  Hausswirth, Christophe ^a   Duffield, Rob ^b   Pournot, Hervé ^a,c   Bieuzen, François ^a   Louis, Julien ^a   Brisswalter, Jeanick ^a,c   Castagna, Olivier ^d  

^a Institut National du Sport et de l'Education Physique   (France)

^b CHARLES STURT UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c University of Nice Sophia Antipolis   (France)

^d Institut de Recherche Biomédicale aux Armées IRBA   (France)

Author keywords

Cold; Cycling; Hydrostatic pressure; Recovery; Subsequent exercise; Thermoregulation

Indexed keywords

LACTIC ACID; SODIUM;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BICYCLE; BLOOD; CLINICAL TRIAL; CLOTHING; COLD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; EXERCISE; HEART RATE; HEAT INJURY; HUMAN; IMMERSION; LUNG VENTILATION; MALE; METABOLISM; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; THERMOREGULATION; TIME;

ADULT; ATHLETES; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BICYCLING; BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION; CLOTHING; COLD TEMPERATURE; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; EXERCISE; HEART RATE; HEAT STRESS DISORDERS; HUMANS; IMMERSION; LACTIC ACID; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PULMONARY VENTILATION; SODIUM; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84865227498     PISSN: 17155312     EISSN: 17155320     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/H2012-077     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Arngrïmsson, S.Á., Petitt, D.S., Stueck, M.G., Jorgensen, D.K., and Cureton, K.J. 2004. Cooling vest worn during active warm-up improves 5-km run performance in the heat. J. Appl. Physiol. 96(5): 1867-1874. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00979.2003. PMID: 14698992.
2. Bogerd, N., Perret, C., Bogerd, C.P., Rossi, R.M., and Daanen, H.A. 2010. The effect of pre-cooling intensity on cooling efficiency and exercise performance. J. Sports Sci. 28(7): 771-779. doi:10.1080/02640411003716942. PMID:20496225.
3. Bonde-Petersen, F., Schultz-Pedersen, L., and Dragsted, N. 1992. Peripheral and central blood flow in man during cold, thermoneutral, and hot water immersion. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 63(5): 346-350. PMID:1599379.
4. Booth, J., Wilsmore, B.R., Macdonald, A.D., Zeyl, A., McGhee, S., Calvert, D., et al. 2001. Whole-body pre-cooling does not alter human muscle metabolism during sub-maximal exercise in the heat. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(6): 587-590. doi:10.1007/s004210100410. PMID:11482556.
5. Brade, C., Dawson, B., Wallman, K., and Polglaze, T. 2010. Postexercise cooling rates in 2 cooling jackets. J. Athl. Train. 45(2): 164-169. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-45.2.164. PMID:20210620.
6. Buchheit, M., Peiffer, J.J., Abbiss, C.R., and Laursen, P.B. 2009. Effect of cold water immersion on postexercise parasympathetic reactivation. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 296(2): H421-H427. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01017.2008. PMID:19074671.
7. Castle, P.C., Macdonald, A.L., Philp, A., Webborn, A., Watt, P.W., and Maxwell, N.S. 2006. Precooling leg muscle improves intermittent sprint exercise performance in hot, humid conditions. J. Appl. Physiol. 100(4): 1377-1384. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol. 00822.2005. PMID:16339344.
8. Cheung, S., and Robinson, A. 2004. The influence of upper-body pre-cooling on repeated sprint performance in moderate ambient temperatures. J. Sports Sci. 22(7): 605-612. doi:10.1080/02640410310001655813. PMID:15370490.
9. Cheuvront, S.N., Kenefick, R.W., Montain, S.J., and Sawka, M.N. 2010. Mechanisms of aerobic performance impairment with heat stress and dehydration. J. Appl. Physiol. 109(6): 1989-1995. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00367.2010. PMID:20689090.
10. Daanen, H.A., van Es, E.M., and de Graaf, J.L. 2006. Heat strain and gross efficiency during endurance exercise after lower, upper, or whole body precooling in the heat. Int. J. Sports Med. 27(5): 379-388. doi:10.1055/s-2005-865746. PMID:16729380.
11. Duffield, R. 2008. Cooling interventions for the protection and recovery of exercise performance from exercise-induced heat stress. Med. Sport Sci. 53: 89-103. doi:10.1159/000151552. PMID:19209001.
12. Duffield, R., and Marino, F.E. 2007. Effects of pre-cooling procedures on intermittent-sprint exercise performance in warm conditions. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 100(6): 727-735. doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0468-x. PMID:17476523.
13. Duffield, R., Dawson, B., Bishop, D., Fitzsimons, M., and Lawrence, S. 2003. Effect of wearing an ice cooling jacket on repeat sprint performance in warm/humid conditions. Br. J. Sports Med. 37(2): 164-169. doi:10.1136/bjsm.37.2.164. PMID:12663361.
14. Duffield, R., Steinbacher, G., and Fairchild, T.J. 2009. The use of mixed-method, part-body pre-cooling procedures for team-sport athletes training in the heat. J. Strength Cond. Res. 23(9): 2524-2532. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bf7a4f. PMID:19910821.
15. Duffield, R., Green, R., Castle, P., and Maxwell, N. 2010. Precooling can prevent the reduction of self-paced exercise intensity in the heat. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 42(3): 577-584. doi:10.1249/MSS. 0b013e3181b675da. PMID:19952819.
16. Ernst, E. 1986. Observations on the effects of immersion in Bath spa water. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.), 292(6516): 343. doi:10.1136/bmj.292.6516.343-b. PMID:3080164.
17. Gabrielsen, A., Pump, B., Bie, P., Christensen, N.J., Warberg, J., and Norsk, P. 2002. Atrial distension, haemodilution, and acute control of renin release during water immersion in humans. Acta Physiol. Scand. 174(2): 91-99. doi:10.1046/j.1365-201X.2002.00932.x. PMID:11860370.
18. Galloway, S.D., and Maughan, R.J. 1997. Effects of ambient temperature on the capacity to perform prolonged cycle exercise in man. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29(9): 1240-1249. doi:10.1097/00005768-199709000-00018. PMID:9309637.
19. Gao, C., Kuklane, K., and Holmer, I. 2011. Cooling vests with phase change materials: the effects of melting temperature on heat strain alleviation in an extremely hot environment. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 111(6): 1207-1216. doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1748-4. PMID: 21127896.
20. Hardy, J.D., and Dubois, E.F. 1938. Basal metabolism, radiation, convection, and evaporation at temperate form 22° to 35 °C. J. Nutr. 15: 477-492.
21. Hasegawa, H., Takatori, T., Komura, T., and Yamasaki, M. 2005. Wearing a cooling jacket during exercise reduces thermal strain and improves endurance exercise performance in a warm environment. J. Strength Cond. Res. 19(1): 122-128. PMID: 15707380.
22. Hayashi, K., Honda, Y., Miyakawa, N., Fujii, N., Ichinose, M., Koga, S., et al. 2011. Effect of CO on the ventilatory sensitivity to rising body temperature during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 110(5): 1334-1341. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00010.2010. PMID:21393474.
23. Hessemer, V., Langusch, D., Bruck, L.K., Bodeker, R.H., and Breidenbach, T. 1984. Effect of slightly lowered body temperatures on endurance performance in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 57 (6): 1731-1737. PMID:6096319.
24. Hornery, D.J., Papalia, S., Mujika, I., and Hahn, A. 2005. Physiological and performance benefits of halftime cooling. J. Sci. Med. Sport, 8(1): 15-25. doi:10.1016/S1440-2440(05)80020-9. PMID:15887897.
25. Howley, E.T., Bassett, D.R., Jr, and Welch, H.G. 1995. Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 27(9): 1292-1301. PMID:8531628.
26. Hunter, I., Hopkins, J.T., and Casa, D.J. 2006. Warming up with an ice vest: core body temperature before and after cross-country racing. J. Athl. Train. 41(4): 371-374. PMID:17273460.
27. Janský, L., Jancheckentityá, H., Uličný, B., Šrámek, P., Hošek, V., Heller, J., and Parízková J. 1996. Changes in thermal homeostasis in humans due to repeated cold water immersions. Pflugers Arch. 432(3): 368-372. doi:10.1007/s004240050146. PMID:8765994.
28. Johansen, L.B., Jensen, T.U., Pump, B., and Norsk, P. 1997. Contribution of abdomen and legs to central blood volume expansion in humans during immersion. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 695-699. PMID:9292451.
29. Kaur, P., Sarika, and Jaspal Singh, S. 2008. Effect of precooling and prewarming on endurance performance and blood lactate concentration. Sports Med. J. 4(16): 1006-1012.
30. Kenny, G.P., Reardon, F.D., Giesbrecht, G.G., Jetté, M., and Thoden, J.S. 1997. The effect of ambient temperature and exercise intensity on post-exercise thermal homeostasis. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 76(2): 109-115. doi:10.1007/s004210050221. PMID:9272767.
31. Kenny, G.P., Schissler, A.R., Stapleton, J., Piamonte, M., Binder, K., Lynn, A., et al. 2011. Ice Cooling Vest on Tolerance for Exercise under Uncompensable Heat Stress. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 8(8): 484-491. doi:10.1080/15459624.2011.596043. PMID:21756138.
32. King, M., and Duffield, R. 2009. The effects of recovery interventions on consecutive days of intermittent sprint exercise. J. Strength Cond. Res. 23(6): 1795-1802. doi:10.1519/JSC. 0b013e3181b3f81f. PMID:19675481.
33. Kozyreva, T.V., Tkachenko, E.Y., Kozaruk, V.P., Latysheva, T.V., and Gilinsky, M.A. 1999. Effects of slow and rapid cooling on catecholamine concentration in arterial plasma and the skin. Am. J. Physiol. 276(6): R1668-R1672. PMID:10362746.
34. Kruk, B., Pekkarinen, H., Harri, M., Manninen, K., and Hanninen, O. 1990a. Thermoregulatory responses to exercise at low ambient temperature performed after precooling or preheating procedures. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 59(6): 416-420. doi:10.1007/BF02388622. PMID:2303046.
35. Kruk, B., Szczypaczewska, M., Opaszowski, B., Kaciuba-Uscilko, H., and Nazar, K. 1990b. Thermoregulatory and metabolic responses to repeated bouts of prolonged cycle-ergometer exercise in man. Acta Physiol. Pol. 41(7): 22-31. PMID:2136313.
36. Lenhardt, R., and Sessler, D.I. 2006. Estimation of mean body temperature from mean skin and core temperature. Anesthesiology, 105(6): 1117-1121. doi:10.1097/00000542-200612000-00011. PMID:17122574.
37. Luomala, M.J., Oksa, J., Salmi, J.A., Linnamo, V., Holmér, I., Smolander, J., and Dugué, B. 2012. Adding a cooling vest during cycling improves performance in warm and humid conditions. J. Therm. Biol. 37(1): 47-55. doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.10.009.
38. Mack, G.W., Yang, R., Hargens, A.R., Nagashima, K., and Haskell, A. 1998. Influence of hydrostatic pressure gradients on regulation of plasma volume after exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 85(2): 667-675. PMID:9688745.
39. Marsh, D., and Sleivert, G. 1999. Effect of precooling on high intensity cycling performance. Br. J. Sports Med. 33(6): 393-397. doi:10.1136/bjsm.33.6.393. PMID:10597847.
40. Nishiyasu, T., Shi, X., Gillen, C.M., Mack, G.W., and Nadel, E.R. 1992. Comparison of the forearm and calf blood flow response to thermal stress during dynamic exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24(2): 213-217. PMID:1549010.
41. Nybo, L., Jensen, T., Nielsen, B., and Gonzalez-Alonso, J. 2001. Effects of marked hyperthermia with and without dehydration on VO(2) kinetics during intense exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 90(3): 1057-1064. PMID:11181620.
42. Park, K.S., Choi, J.K., and Park, Y.S. 1999. Cardiovascular regulation during water immersion. Appl. Human Sci. 18(6): 233-241. doi:10.2114/jpa.18.233. PMID:10675972.
43. Peiffer, J.J., Abbiss, C.R., Nosaka, K., Peake, J.M., and Laursen, P.B. 2009. Effect of cold water immersion after exercise in the heat on muscle function, body temperatures, and vessel diameter. J. Sci. Med. Sport, 12(1): 91-96. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2007.10.011. PMID:18083634.
44. Pournot, H., Bieuzen, F., Duffield, R., Lepretre, P., Cozzolino, C., and Hausswirth, C. 2011. Short term effects of various water immersions on recovery from exhaustive intermittent exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 111(7): 1287-1295. doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1754-6. PMID:21132438.
45. Quod, M.J., Martin, D.T., Laursen, P.B., Gardner, A.S., Halson, S.L., Marino, F.E., et al. 2006. Practical precooling: effect on cycling time trial performance in warm conditions. J. Sports Sci. 24(14): 1477-1487. PMID:18949661. doi:10.1080/02640410802298268.
46. Ronsen, O., Haugen, O., Hallén, J., and Bahr, R. 2004. Residual effects of prior exercise and recovery on subsequent exerciseinduced metabolic responses. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 92(4-5): 498-507. doi:10.1007/s00421-004-1086-5. PMID:15156321.
47. Ross, M.L., Garvican, L.A., Jeacocke, N.A., Laursen, P.B., Abbiss, C.R., Martin, D.T., and Burke, L.M. 2011. Novel precooling strategy enhances time trial cycling in the heat. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 43(1): 123-133. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e93210. PMID:20508537.
48. Sawka, M.N., Knowlton, R.G., and Critz, J.B. 1979. Thermal and circulatory responses to repeated bouts of prolonged running. Med. Sci. Sports, 11(2): 177-180. PMID:491877.
49. Sawka, M.N., Cheuvront, S.N., and Kenefick, R.W. 2011. High skin temperature and hypohydration impairs aerobic performance. Exp. Physiol. 97: 327-332. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.061002.
50. Schmidt, V., and Bruck, K. 1981. Effect of a precooling maneuver on body temperature and exercise performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 50(4): 772-778. PMID:7263359.
51. Siegel, R., Mate, J., Brearley, M.B., Watson, G., Nosaka, K., and Laursen, P.B. 2010. Ice slurry ingestion increases core temperature capacity and running time in the heat. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 42(4): 717-725. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a. PMID: 19952832.
52. Siegel, R., Mate, J., Watson, G., Nosaka, K., and Laursen, P.B. 2012. Pre-cooling with ice slurry ingestion leads to similar run times to exhaustion in the heat as cold water immersion. J. Sports Sci. 30(2): 155-165. doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.625968. PMID: 22132792.
53. Sleivert, G.G., Cotter, J.D., Roberts, W.S., and Febbraio, M.A. 2001. The influence of whole-body vs. torso pre-cooling on physiological strain and performance of high-intensity exercise in the heat. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 128(4): 657-666. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(01)00272-0. PMID:11282310.
54. Smolander, J., Kuklane, K., Gavhed, D., Nilsson, H., and Holmer, I. 2004. Effectiveness of a light-weight ice-vest for body cooling while wearing fire fighter's protective clothing in the heat. Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon. 10(2): 111-117. PMID:15182467.
55. Stocks, J.M., Patterson, M.J., Hyde, D.E., Jenkins, A.B., Mittleman, K.D., and Taylor, N.A. 2004. Effects of immersion water temperature on whole-body fluid distribution in humans. Acta Physiol. Scand. 182(1): 3-10. doi:10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004. 01302.x. PMID:15329051.
56. Tatterson, A.J., Hahn, A.G., Martini, D.T., and Febbraio, M.A. 2000. Effects of heat stress on physiological responses and exercise performance in elite cyclists. J. Sci. Med. Sport, 3(2): 186-193. doi:10.1016/S1440-2440(00)80080-8. PMID:11104310.
57. Uckert, S., and Joch, W. 2007. Effects of warm-up and precooling on endurance performance in the heat. Br. J. Sports Med. 41(6): 380-384. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.032292. PMID:17224434.
58. Vaile, J., Halson, S., Gill, N., and Dawson, B. 2008. Effect of cold water immersion on repeat cycling performance and thermoregulation in the heat. J. Sports Sci. 26(5): 431-440. doi:10.1080/02640410701567425. PMID:18274940.
59. Vaile, J., O'Hagan, C., Stefanovic, B., Walker, M., Gill, N., and Askew, C.D. 2011. Effect of cold water immersion on repeated cycling performance and limb blood flow. Br. J. Sports Med. 45(10): 825-829. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.067272. PMID:20233843.
60. Walsh, N.P., and Whitham, M. 2006. Exercising in environmental extremes: a greater threat to immune function? Sports Med. 36(11): 941-976. doi:10.2165/00007256-200636110-00003. PMID: 17052132.
61. Webster, J., Holland, E.J., Sleivert, G., Laing, R.M., and Niven, B.E. 2005. A light-weight cooling vest enhances performance of athletes in the heat. Ergonomics, 48(7): 821-837. doi:10.1080/00140130500122276. PMID:16076740.
62. White, A.T., Davis, S.L., and Wilson, T.E. 2003. Metabolic, thermoregulatory, and perceptual responses during exercise after lower vs. whole body precooling. J. Appl. Physiol. 94(3): 1039-1044. PMID:12433856.
63. Wilcock, I.M., Cronin, J.B., and Hing, W.A. 2006. Physiological response to water immersion: a method for sport recovery? Sports Med. 36(9): 747-765. doi:10.2165/00007256-200636090-00003. PMID:16937951.
64. Wilkinson, D.M., Carter, J.M., Richmond, V.L., Blacker, S.D., and Rayson, M.P. 2008. The effect of cool water ingestion on gastrointestinal pill temperature. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 40(3): 523-528. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31815cc43e. PMID: 18379216.
65. Wilson, T.E., Johnson, S.C., Petajan, J.H., Davis, S.L., Gappmaier, E., Luetkemeier, M.J., and White, A.T. 2002. Thermal regulatory responses to submaximal cycling following lower-body cooling in humans. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 88(1-2): 67-75. doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0696-z. PMID:12436272.
66. Yeargin, S.W., Casa, D.J., McClung, J.M., Knight, J.C., Healey, J.C., Goss, P.J., et al. 2006. Body cooling between two bouts of exercise in the heat enhances subsequent performance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 20(2): 383-389. PMID:16686568.