메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 977-985

Adolescent cigarette smokers' and non-cigarette smokers' use of alternative tobacco products

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT SMOKING; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; ASIAN; BIDIS; CIGAR SMOKING; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; FEMALE; HISPANIC; HUMAN; KRETEK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL INFORMATION; PIPE TOBACCO; PLANT PRODUCT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE;

EID: 84865071816     PISSN: 14622203     EISSN: 1469994X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr323     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (26)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 37549011048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of other tobacco products among U.S. adult cigarette smokers: Prevalence, trends and correlates
    • doi:S0306-4603(07)00297-3
    • Backinger, C. L., Fagan, P., O'Connell, M. E., Grana, R., Lawrence, D., Bishop, J. A., et al. (2008). Use of other tobacco products among U.S. adult cigarette smokers: Prevalence, trends and correlates. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 472-489. doi:S0306-4603(07)00297-3.
    • (2008) Addictive Behaviors , vol.33 , pp. 472-489
    • Backinger, C.L.1    Fagan, P.2    O'Connell, M.E.3    Grana, R.4    Lawrence, D.5    Bishop, J.A.6
  • 2
    • 40949084426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacology of nicotine: Implications for understanding, preventing, and treating tobacco addiction
    • doi:clpt20083
    • Benowitz, N. L. (2008). Clinical pharmacology of nicotine: Implications for understanding, preventing, and treating tobacco addiction. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 83, 531-541. doi:clpt20083.
    • (2008) Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics , vol.83 , pp. 531-541
    • Benowitz, N.L.1
  • 3
    • 34547621989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are smokers only using cigarettes? Exploring current polytobacco use among an adult population
    • doi:S0306-4603(07)00088-3
    • Bombard, J. M., Pederson, L. L., Nelson, D. E., & Malarcher, A. M. (2007). Are smokers only using cigarettes? Exploring current polytobacco use among an adult population. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 2411-2419. doi:S0306-4603(07)00088-3.
    • (2007) Addictive Behaviors , vol.32 , pp. 2411-2419
    • Bombard, J.M.1    Pederson, L.L.2    Nelson, D.E.3    Malarcher, A.M.4
  • 4
    • 56049118229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring polytobacco use among adolescents: Do cigarette smokers use other forms of tobacco?
    • doi:905082585
    • Bombard, J. M., Rock, V. J., Pederson, L. L., & Asman, K. J. (2008). Monitoring polytobacco use among adolescents: Do cigarette smokers use other forms of tobacco? Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 10, 1581-1589. doi:905082585.
    • (2008) Nicotine & Tobacco Research , vol.10 , pp. 1581-1589
    • Bombard, J.M.1    Rock, V.J.2    Pederson, L.L.3    Asman, K.J.4
  • 6
    • 84905785697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). Youth Tobacco Survey (YTS). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/surveys/yts/.
    • (2004) Youth Tobacco Survey (YTS)
  • 7
    • 84905813172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006a). 2006 National Youth Tobacco Survey Methodology. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/surveys/nyts/.
    • (2006) 2006 National Youth Tobacco Survey Methodology
  • 8
    • 84905772164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006b). Youth Tobacco Survey (YTS). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/surveys/yts/.
    • (2006) Youth Tobacco Survey (YTS)
  • 9
    • 84921629260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009a). 2009 National Youth Tobacco Survey Methodology. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/surveys/nyts/.
    • (2009) 2009 National Youth Tobacco Survey Methodology
  • 10
    • 79960164056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009b). Youth Tobacco Survey (YTS). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/surveys/yts/.
    • (2009) Youth Tobacco Survey (YTS)
  • 11
    • 84905796269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Interpretation ofYRBS Trend Data. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/yrbs/pdf/YRBS_trend_interpretation.pdf.
    • (2010) Interpretation ofYRBS Trend Data
  • 12
    • 56649120809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco use, access, and exposure to tobacco in media among middle and high school students-United States, 2004
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). (2005). Tobacco use, access, and exposure to tobacco in media among middle and high school students-United States, 2004. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    • (2005)
  • 13
    • 78649299292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette use among high school students-United States, 1991-2009
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). (2010a). Cigarette use among high school students-United States, 1991-2009. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5926a1.htm.
    • (2010)
  • 14
    • 84865066837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco use among middle and high school students-United States, 2000-2009
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). (2010b). Tobacco use among middle and high school students-United States, 2000-2009. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    • (2010)
  • 15
    • 0030277248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of cigarette smoking from adolescence to adulthood: Demographic predictors of continuity and change
    • Chassin, L., Presson, C. C., Rose, J. S., & Sherman, S. J. (1996). The natural history of cigarette smoking from adolescence to adulthood: Demographic predictors of continuity and change. Health Psychology, 15, 478-484.
    • (1996) Health Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 478-484
    • Chassin, L.1    Presson, C.C.2    Rose, J.S.3    Sherman, S.J.4
  • 16
    • 0034085846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring nicotine dependence among youth: A review of available approaches and instruments
    • doi:S0376871699001635
    • Colby, S. M., Tiffany, S. T., Shiffman, S., & Niaura, R. S. (2000). Measuring nicotine dependence among youth: A review of available approaches and instruments. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 59(Suppl. 1), S23-S39. doi:S0376871699001635.
    • (2000) Drug & Alcohol Dependence , vol.59 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Colby, S.M.1    Tiffany, S.T.2    Shiffman, S.3    Niaura, R.S.4
  • 18
    • 33645016228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco and its trendy alternatives: Implications for pediatric nurses
    • doi:S0899-5885(05)00102-4
    • Deckers, S. K., Farley, J., & Heath, J. (2006). Tobacco and its trendy alternatives: Implications for pediatric nurses. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 18, 95-104. xiii. doi:S0899-5885(05)00102-4.
    • (2006) Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America , vol.18
    • Deckers, S.K.1    Farley, J.2    Heath, J.3
  • 19
    • 77950520639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • doi:S0022-3476(09)01153-6
    • Dierker, L., & Mermelstein, R. (2010). Early emerging nicotine-dependence symptoms: A signal of propensity for chronic smoking behavior in adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics, 156, 818-822. doi:S0022-3476(09)01153-6.
    • (2010) , vol.156 , pp. 818-822
    • Dierker, L.1    Mermelstein, R.2
  • 21
    • 0036212148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the loss of autonomy over nicotine use in adolescents: The DANDY (Development and Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in Youths) study
    • doi:poa10271
    • DiFranza, J. R., Savageau, J. A., Fletcher, K., Ockene, J. K., Rigotti, N. A., McNeill, A. D., et al. (2002a). Measuring the loss of autonomy over nicotine use in adolescents: The DANDY (Development and Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in Youths) study. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 156, 397-403. doi:poa10271.
    • (2002) Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine , vol.156 , pp. 397-403
    • DiFranza, J.R.1    Savageau, J.A.2    Fletcher, K.3    Ockene, J.K.4    Rigotti, N.A.5    McNeill, A.D.6
  • 22
    • 0036725314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of symptoms of tobacco dependence in youths: 30 month follow up data from the DANDY study
    • DiFranza, J. R., Savageau, J. A., Rigotti, N. A., Fletcher, K., Ockene, J. K., McNeill, A. D., et al. (2002b). Development of symptoms of tobacco dependence in youths: 30 month follow up data from the DANDY study. Tobacco Control, 11, 228-235.
    • (2002) Tobacco Control , vol.11 , pp. 228-235
    • DiFranza, J.R.1    Savageau, J.A.2    Rigotti, N.A.3    Fletcher, K.4    Ockene, J.K.5    McNeill, A.D.6
  • 23
    • 80755146155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of a clinical approach to staging tobacco addiction
    • doi:S0022-3476(11)00515-4
    • Difranza, J. R., Sweet, M., Savageau, J., & Ursprung, W. W. (201 1a). An evaluation of a clinical approach to staging tobacco addiction. Journal of Pediatrics, 159, 999-1003. doi:S0022-3476(11)00515-4.
    • (2011) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.159 , pp. 999-1003
    • Difranza, J.R.1    Sweet, M.2    Savageau, J.3    Ursprung, W.W.4
  • 24
    • 84865243747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The assessment of tobacco dependence in young users of smokeless tobacco
    • doi:tc.2011.043810
    • Difranza, J. R., Sweet, M., Savageau, J. A., & Ursprung, W. W. (2011b). The assessment of tobacco dependence in young users of smokeless tobacco. Tobacco Control. doi:tc.2011.043810.
    • (2011) Tobacco Control
    • Difranza, J.R.1    Sweet, M.2    Savageau, J.A.3    Ursprung, W.W.4
  • 26
    • 84865067057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine content and delivery across tobacco products
    • doi:10.1007
    • Djordjevic, M. V., & Doran, K. A. (2009). Nicotine content and delivery across tobacco products. Nicotine Psychopharmacology, 192, 69-82. doi:10.1007.
    • (2009) Nicotine Psychopharmacology , vol.192 , pp. 69-82
    • Djordjevic, M.V.1    Doran, K.A.2
  • 27
    • 0034244334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and cigar use, and other health risk behaviors among U.S. high school students
    • Everett, S. A., Malarcher, A. M., Sharp, D. J., Husten, C. G., & Giovino, G. A. (2000). Relationship between cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and cigar use, and other health risk behaviors among U.S. high school students. Journal of School Health, 70,234-240.
    • (2000) Journal of School Health , vol.70 , pp. 234-240
    • Everett, S.A.1    Malarcher, A.M.2    Sharp, D.J.3    Husten, C.G.4    Giovino, G.A.5
  • 28
    • 84859616675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Trade Commission
    • Federal Trade Commission. (2011a). Cigarette report for 2007 and 2008. Retrieved from http://www.ftc.gov/os/2011/07/110729cigarettereport.pdf.
    • (2011) Cigarette report for 2007 and 2008
  • 29
    • 84861055552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Trade Commission
    • Federal Trade Commission. (2011b). Smokeless tobacco report for 2007 and 2008. Retrieved from http://www.ftc.gov/os/2011/07/110729smokelesstobaccoreport.pdf.
    • (2011) Smokeless tobacco report for 2007 and 2008
  • 30
    • 9244231806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco-reporting validity in an epide-miological drug-use survey
    • doi:S030646030400142X
    • Fendrich, M., Mackesy-Amiti, M. E., Johnson, T. P., Hubbell, A., & Wislar, J. S. (2005). Tobacco-reporting validity in an epide-miological drug-use survey. Addictive Behaviors, 30,175-181. doi:S030646030400142X.
    • (2005) Addictive Behaviors , vol.30 , pp. 175-181
    • Fendrich, M.1    Mackesy-Amiti, M.E.2    Johnson, T.P.3    Hubbell, A.4    Wislar, J.S.5
  • 31
    • 0037402192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concurrent use of tobacco products by California adolescents
    • doi:S0091743502000646
    • Gilpin, E. A., & Pierce, J. P. (2003). Concurrent use of tobacco products by California adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 36, 575-584. doi:S0091743502000646.
    • (2003) Preventive Medicine , vol.36 , pp. 575-584
    • Gilpin, E.A.1    Pierce, J.P.2
  • 32
    • 2942571660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between exclusive pipe smoking and mortality from cancer and other diseases
    • Henley, S. J., Thun, M. J., Chao, A., & Calle, E. E. (2004). Association between exclusive pipe smoking and mortality from cancer and other diseases. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 96, 853-861.
    • (2004) Journal of the National Cancer Institute , vol.96 , pp. 853-861
    • Henley, S.J.1    Thun, M.J.2    Chao, A.3    Calle, E.E.4
  • 35
    • 0002379538 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of nicotine content in six smokeless tobacco products
    • Henningfield, J. E., & Heishman, S. J. (1995b). Estimation of nicotine content in six smokeless tobacco products. Tobacco Control, 4,57-61.
    • (1995) Tobacco Control , vol.4 , pp. 57-61
    • Henningfield, J.E.1    Heishman, S.J.2
  • 36
    • 0037410441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent nicotine dependence and smoking cessation outcomes
    • doi:S0306460302002290
    • Horn, K., Fernandes, A., Dino, G., Massey, C. J., & Kalsekar, I. (2003). Adolescent nicotine dependence and smoking cessation outcomes. Addictive Behaviors, 28, 769-776. doi:S0306460302002290.
    • (2003) Addictive Behaviors , vol.28 , pp. 769-776
    • Horn, K.1    Fernandes, A.2    Dino, G.3    Massey, C.J.4    Kalsekar, I.5
  • 37
    • 0034007143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of youth tobacco use in West Virginia: A comparison of smoking and smokeless tobacco use
    • Horn, K. A., Gao, X., Dino, G. A., & Kamal-Bahl, S. (2000). Determinants of youth tobacco use in West Virginia: A comparison of smoking and smokeless tobacco use. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 26, 125-138.
    • (2000) American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , vol.26 , pp. 125-138
    • Horn, K.A.1    Gao, X.2    Dino, G.A.3    Kamal-Bahl, S.4
  • 38
    • 28944445749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water-pipe (narghile) smoking: An emerging health risk behavior
    • doi:116/1/e113
    • Knishkowy, B., & Amitai, Y. (2005). Water-pipe (narghile) smoking: An emerging health risk behavior. Pediatrics, 116, e113-e119. doi:116/1/e113.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.116
    • Knishkowy, B.1    Amitai, Y.2
  • 39
    • 80955142789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polytobacco use in non-daily smokers: An issue requiring greater attention
    • doi:S0091-7435(11)00293-3
    • McGrath, D. S., Temporale, K. L., Bozec, L. J., & Barrett, S. P. (2011). Polytobacco use in non-daily smokers: An issue requiring greater attention. Preventive Medicine, 53, 353-354. doi:S0091-7435(11)00293-3.
    • (2011) Preventive Medicine , vol.53 , pp. 353-354
    • McGrath, D.S.1    Temporale, K.L.2    Bozec, L.J.3    Barrett, S.P.4
  • 40
    • 34247545248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do tobacco counter-marketing campaigns increase adolescent under-reporting of smoking?
    • doi:S0306-4603(06)00343-1
    • Messeri, P. A., Allen, J. A., Mowery, P. D., Healton, C. G., Haviland, M. L., Gable, J. M., et al. (2007). Do tobacco counter-marketing campaigns increase adolescent under-reporting of smoking? Addictive Behaviors, 32, 1532-1536. doi:S0306-4603(06)00343-1.
    • (2007) Addictive Behaviors , vol.32 , pp. 1532-1536
    • Messeri, P.A.1    Allen, J.A.2    Mowery, P.D.3    Healton, C.G.4    Haviland, M.L.5    Gable, J.M.6
  • 43
    • 84978370329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring use of nontraditional tobacco products through focus groups with young adult smokers, 2002
    • doi:A87
    • Richter, P., Caraballo, R., Pederson, L. L., & Gupta, N. (2008). Exploring use of nontraditional tobacco products through focus groups with young adult smokers, 2002. Preventing Chronic Disease, 5, A87. doi:A87.
    • (2008) Preventing Chronic Disease , vol.5
    • Richter, P.1    Caraballo, R.2    Pederson, L.L.3    Gupta, N.4
  • 44
    • 33646542379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young adult smoker risk perceptions of traditional cigarettes and nontraditional tobacco products
    • doi:10.5555
    • Richter, P. A., Pederson, L. L., & O'Hegarty, M. M. (2006). Young adult smoker risk perceptions of traditional cigarettes and nontraditional tobacco products. American Journal of Health Behavior, 30, 302-312. doi:10.5555.
    • (2006) American Journal of Health Behavior , vol.30 , pp. 302-312
    • Richter, P.A.1    Pederson, L.L.2    O'Hegarty, M.M.3
  • 45
    • 0022393970 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of tobacco products: A comparative study of the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of cigars, manufactured cigarettes, and cigarettes made from fine-cut tobacco
    • Rickert, W. S., Robinson, J. C., Bray, D. F., Rogers, B., & Collishaw, N. E. (1985). Characterization of tobacco products: A comparative study of the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of cigars, manufactured cigarettes, and cigarettes made from fine-cut tobacco. Preventive Medicine, 14, 226-233.
    • (1985) Preventive Medicine , vol.14 , pp. 226-233
    • Rickert, W.S.1    Robinson, J.C.2    Bray, D.F.3    Rogers, B.4    Collishaw, N.E.5
  • 46
    • 23744509002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth attitudes and beliefs toward alternative tobacco products: Cigars, bidis, and kreteks
    • doi:32/4/549
    • Soldz, S., & Dorsey, E. (2005). Youth attitudes and beliefs toward alternative tobacco products: Cigars, bidis, and kreteks. Health Education & Behavior, 32, 549-566. doi:32/4/549.
    • (2005) Health Education & Behavior , vol.32 , pp. 549-566
    • Soldz, S.1    Dorsey, E.2
  • 47
    • 0042164902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of users of cigars, bidis, and kreteks and the relationship to cigarette use
    • doi:S009174350300121X
    • Soldz, S., Huyser, D. J., & Dorsey, E. (2003). Characteristics of users of cigars, bidis, and kreteks and the relationship to cigarette use. Preventive Medicine, 37, 250-258. doi:S009174350300121X.
    • (2003) Preventive Medicine , vol.37 , pp. 250-258
    • Soldz, S.1    Huyser, D.J.2    Dorsey, E.3
  • 49
    • 58649118202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the tobacco use epidemic II: The agent: Current and emerging tobacco products
    • doi:S0091-7435(08)00459-3
    • Stellman, S. D., & Djordjevic, M. V. (2009). Monitoring the tobacco use epidemic II: The agent: Current and emerging tobacco products. Preventive Medicine, 48(1 Suppl.), S11-S15. doi:S0091-7435(08)00459-3.
    • (2009) Preventive Medicine , vol.48 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Stellman, S.D.1    Djordjevic, M.V.2
  • 50
    • 47349127378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics associated with rapid transition to tobacco dependence in youth
    • doi:794493758
    • Storr, C. L. (2008). Characteristics associated with rapid transition to tobacco dependence in youth. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 10, 1099-1104. doi:794493758.
    • (2008) Nicotine & Tobacco Research , vol.10 , pp. 1099-1104
    • Storr, C.L.1
  • 51
    • 0035711844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bidi Smoking among Massachusetts Teenagers
    • doi:10.1006/pmed.2000.0774S0091-7435(00)90774-6
    • Taylor, T. M., & Biener, L. (2001). Bidi Smoking among Massachusetts Teenagers. Preventive Medicine, 32, 89-92. doi:10.1006/pmed.2000.0774S0091-7435(00)90774-6.
    • (2001) Preventive Medicine , vol.32 , pp. 89-92
    • Taylor, T.M.1    Biener, L.2
  • 52
    • 66549087115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic profiles of smokeless tobacco users in the U
    • doi:S0749-3797(09)00204
    • Timberlake, D. S., & Huh, J. (2009). Demographic profiles of smokeless tobacco users in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 37, 29-34. doi:S0749-3797(09)00204.
    • (2009) S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine , vol.37 , pp. 29-34
    • Timberlake, D.S.1    Huh, J.2
  • 53
    • 77954492472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of dual use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco among US males: Findings from national surveys
    • doi:tc.2009.031070
    • Tomar, S. L., Alpert, H. R., & Connolly, G. N. (2010). Patterns of dual use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco among US males: Findings from national surveys. Tobacco Control, 19, 104-109. doi:tc.2009.031070.
    • (2010) Tobacco Control , vol.19 , pp. 104-109
    • Tomar, S.L.1    Alpert, H.R.2    Connolly, G.N.3
  • 55
    • 0342589087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth use of cigars: Federal, state regulation and enforcement
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dallas, TX: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General, Office of Evaluation and Inspections
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1999). Youth use of cigars: Federal, state regulation and enforcement. Dallas, TX: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General, Office of Evaluation and Inspections.
    • (1999)
  • 56
    • 4143051325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening adolescents for nicotine dependence: The Hooked On Nicotine Checklist
    • doi:10.1016
    • Wheeler, K. C., Fletcher, K. E., Wellman, R. J., & Difranza, J. R. (2004). Screening adolescents for nicotine dependence: The Hooked On Nicotine Checklist. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35, 225-230. doi:10.1016.
    • (2004) Journal of Adolescent Health , vol.35 , pp. 225-230
    • Wheeler, K.C.1    Fletcher, K.E.2    Wellman, R.J.3    Difranza, J.R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.