Use of geriatric assessment for older adults in the oncology setting: A systematic review

Journal of the National Cancer Institute

Volumn 104, Issue 15, 2012, Pages 1133-1163

  Puts, M T E ^a   Hardt, J ^a   Monette, J ^b   Girre, V ^c   Springall, E ^a   Alibhai, S M H ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c Centre Hospitalier Departemental   (France)

^d UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELDERLY CARE; FEASIBILITY STUDY; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; NEOPLASM; ONCOLOGY; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMETRY; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CANADA; COMORBIDITY; EUROPE; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HUMANS; MEDICAL ONCOLOGY; NEOPLASMS; NUTRITION ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOMETRICS; QUESTIONNAIRES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84864917849     PISSN: 00278874     EISSN: 14602105     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs285     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E. Cancer statistics, 2010. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010;60(5):277-300.
2. Canadian Cancer Society's Steering Committee. Canadian Cancer Statistics 2011. Toronto: Canadian Cancer Society; 2011.
3. Smith BD, Smith GL, Hurria A, Hortobagyi GN, Buchholz TA. Future of cancer incidence in the United States: burdens upon an aging, changing nation. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(17):2758-2765.
4. Extermann M, Aapro M, Bernabei R, et al. Use of comprehensive geriatric assessment in older cancer patients: recommendations from the task force on CGA of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG). Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2005;55(3):241-252. (Pubitemid 41219694)
5. Balducci L, Yates J. General guidelines for the management of older patients with cancer. Oncology. 2000;14(11A):221-227.
6. Rubenstein LZ, Josephson KR, Wieland GD, et al. Effectiveness of a geriatric evaluation unit. A randomized clinical trial. N Engl J Med. 1984;311(26):1664-1670. (Pubitemid 15183997)
7. Rubenstein LZ, Siu AL, Wieland D. Comprehensive geriatric assessment: toward understanding its efficacy. Aging. 1989;1(2):87-98.
8. Stuck AE, Siu AL, Wieland GD, Adams J, Rubenstein LZ. Comprehensive geriatric assessment: a meta-analysis of controlled trials. Lancet. 1993;342(8878):1032-1036. (Pubitemid 23314809)
9. Wieland D, Ferrucci L. Multidimensional geriatric assessment: back to the future. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63(3):272-274. (Pubitemid 351738431)
10. Hurria A. We need a geriatric assessment for oncologists. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2006;3(12):642-643. (Pubitemid 44843119)
11. International Society of Geriatric Oncology. Geriatric Assessment Tools.. http://www.siog.org. 2012. Accessed November 8, 2011.
12. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Senior Adult Oncology. Version 2. 2011. http://www. nccn.org/professionals/physician-gls/pdf/senior.pdf. Accessed November 8, 2011.
13. Droz JP, Balducci L, Bolla M, et al. Management of prostate cancer in older men: recommendations of a working group of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology. BJU Int. 2010;106(4):462-469.
14. Higgins JPT, Green S. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. London, UK: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011.
15. von EE, Altman DG, Egger M, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(4):344-349. (Pubitemid 351289042)
16. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283(15):2008- 2012. (Pubitemid 30214957)
17. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(10):1006-1012.
18. Aaldriks AA, Maartense E, le Cessie S, et al. Predictive value of geriatric assessment for patients older than 70 years, treated with chemotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2011;79(2):205-212.
19. Aparicio T, Girard L, Bouarioua N, et al. A mini geriatric assessment helps treatment decision in elderly patients with digestive cancer. A pilot study. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2011;77(1):63-69.
20. Arnoldi E, Dieli M, Mangia M, Minetti B, Labianca R. Comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly cancer patients: an experience in an outpatient population. Tumori. 2007;93(1):23-25. (Pubitemid 46506525)
21. Audisio RA, Pope D, Ramesh HS, et al. Shall we operate? Preoperative assessment in elderly cancer patients (PACE) can help. A SIOG surgical task force prospective study. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008;65(2):156-163.
22. Bailey C, Corner J, Addington-Hall J, et al. Treatment decisions in older patients with colorectal cancer: the role of age and multidimensional function. Eur J Cancer. 2003;12(3):257-262. (Pubitemid 37249096)
23. Bailey C, Corner J, Addington-Hall J, Kumar D, Haviland J. Older patients' experiences of treatment for colorectal cancer: an analysis of functional status and service use. Eur J Cancer. 2004;13(5):483-493. (Pubitemid 40081566)
24. Bamias A, Lainakis G, Kastritis E, et al. Biweekly carboplatin/ gemcitabine in patients with advanced urothelial cancer who are unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy: report of efficacy, quality of life and geriatric assessment. Oncology. 2007;73(5-6):290-297. (Pubitemid 351862018)
25. Bylow K, Dale W, Mustian K, et al. Falls and physical performance deficits in older patients with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. Urology. 2008;72(2):422-427.
26. Castagneto B, Zai S, Marenco D, et al. Single-agent gemcitabine in previously untreated elderly patients with advanced bladder carcinoma: response to treatment and correlation with the comprehensive geriatric assessment. Oncology. 2004;67(1):27-32. (Pubitemid 39370347)
27. Chaibi P, Magne N, Breton S, et al. Influence of geriatric consultation with comprehensive geriatric assessment on final therapeutic decision in elderly cancer patients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2011;79(3):302-307.
28. Freyer G, Lortholary A, Delcambre C, et al. Unexpected toxicities in elderly patients treated with oral idarubicin in metastatic breast cancer: the GINECO experience. Clin Oncol. 2004;16(1):17-23. (Pubitemid 38195865)
29. Freyer G, Geay JF, Touzet S, et al. Comprehensive geriatric assessment predicts tolerance to chemotherapy and survival in elderly patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma: a GINECO study. Ann Oncol. 2005;16(11):1795-1800. (Pubitemid 41631242)
30. Hurria A, Fleming MT, Baker SD, et al. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of weekly docetaxel in older patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(20, pt 1):6100-6105. (Pubitemid 44703775)
31. Hurria A, Rosen C, Hudis C, et al. Cognitive function of older patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: a pilot prospective longitudinal study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54(6):925-931. (Pubitemid 43847029)
32. Hurria A, Hurria A, Zuckerman E, et al. A prospective, longitudinal study of the functional status and quality of life of older patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:1119-1124. (Pubitemid 43992551)
33. Kothari A, Phillips S, Bretl T, Block K, Weigel T. Components of geriatric assessments predict thoracic surgery outcomes. J Surg Res. 2011;166(1):5-13.
34. Marenco D, Marinello R, Berruti A, et al. Multidimensional geriatric assessment in treatment decision in elderly cancer patients: 6-year experience in an outpatient geriatric oncology service. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008;68(2):157-164.
35. Marinello R, Marenco D, Roglia D, et al. Predictors of treatment failures during chemotherapy: a prospective study on 110 older cancer patients. Arch Gerontol Geriat. 2009;48(2):222-226.
36. Massa E, Madeddu C, Lusso MR, Gramignano G, Mantovani G. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment with erythropoietin on anemia, cognitive functioning and functions studied by comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly cancer patients with anemia related to cancer chemotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2006;57(2):175-182. (Pubitemid 43139702)
37. Presant CA, Thompson E, Leberthon B, Vergara L, McGowen P. Effects of weekly paclitaxel or paclitaxel plus carboplatin on functionality and symptoms of geriatric patients with cancer as measured by a brief geriatric oncology module: a pilot experience. Cancer. 2005;103(12):2623-2628. (Pubitemid 40800543)
38. Rao AV, Hsieh F, Feussner JR, Cohen HJ. Geriatric evaluation and management units in the care of the frail elderly cancer patient. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60(6):798-803. (Pubitemid 40881190)
39. Tredan O, Geay JF, Touzet S, et al. Carboplatin/cyclophosphamide or carboplatin/paclitaxel in elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer? Analysis of two consecutive trials from the Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens. Ann Oncol. 2007;18(2):256-262. (Pubitemid 46323090)
40. Tucci A, Ferrari S, Bottelli C, et al. A comprehensive geriatric assessment is more effective than clinical judgment to identify elderly diffuse large cell lymphoma patients who benefit from aggressive therapy. Cancer. 2009;115(19):4547-4553.
41. Wedding U, Rohrig B, Klippstein A, Pientka L, Hoffken K. Age, severe comorbidity and functional impairment independently contribute to poor survival in cancer patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2007;133(12):945-950. (Pubitemid 47561710)
42. Bearz A, Fratino L, Spazzapan S, et al. Gefitinib in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer. 2007;55(1):125-127. (Pubitemid 46038880)
43. Bylow K, Hemmerich J, Mohile SG, et al. Obese frailty, physical performance deficits, and falls in older men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy: a case-control study. Urology. 2011;77(4):934-940.
44. Di Mauro S, Distefano A, Di Fazio I, Leotta C, Malaguarnera M. On the importance of multidimensional evaluation of elderly oncologic patients. Arch Gerontol Geriat. 2000;30(1):63-71. (Pubitemid 30084826)
45. Dujon C, Azarian R, Azarian V, Petitpretz P. Lung cancer in the elderly: performance status and/or geriatric indices? Rev Mal Respir. 2006;23(4, pt 1):307-318. (Pubitemid 44645738)
46. Extermann M, Overcash J, Lyman GH, Parr J, Balducci L. Comorbidity and functional status are independent in older cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16(4):1582-1587. (Pubitemid 28175784)
47. Girones R, Torregrosa D, az-Beveridge R. Comorbidity, disability and geriatric syndromes in elderly breast cancer survivors. Results of a single-center experience. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2010;73(3):236-245.
48. Girre V, Falcou MC, Gisselbrecht M, et al. Does a geriatric oncology consultation modify the cancer treatment plan for elderly patients? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008 63 7 724-730.
49. Kellen E, Bulens P, Deckx L, et al. Identifying an accurate pre-screening tool in geriatric oncology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2010;75(3):243-248.
50. Kim YJ, Kim JH, Park MS, et al. Comprehensive geriatric assessment in Korean elderly cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2011;137(5):839-847.
51. Luciani A, Ascione G, Bertuzzi C, et al. Detecting disabilities in older patients with cancer: comparison between comprehensive geriatric assessment and vulnerable elders survey-13. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(12):2046-2050.
52. Lynch MP, Marcone D, Kagan SH. Developing a multidisciplinary geriatric oncology program in a community cancer center. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2007;11(6):929-933.
53. Mantovani G, Madeddu C, Gramignano G, et al. Association of serum IL-6 levels with comprehensive geriatric assessment variables in a population of elderly cancer patients. Oncol Rep. 2004;11(1):197-206.
54. Mohile SG, Xian Y, Dale W, et al. Association of a cancer diagnosis with vulnerability and frailty in older Medicare beneficiaries. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101(17):1206-1215.
55. Molina-Garrido MJ, Guillen-Ponce C. Comparison of two frailty screening tools in older women with early breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2011;79(1):51-64.
56. Molina-Garrido MJ, Guillen-Ponce C. Development of a cancer-specific comprehensive geriatric assessment in a University Hospital in Spain. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2011;77(2):148-161.
57. Monfardini S, Ferrucci L, Fratino L, et al. Validation of a multidimensional evaluation scale for use in elderly cancer patients. Cancer. 1996;77(2):395-401. (Pubitemid 26023359)
58. Overcash J. Prediction of falls in older adults with cancer: a preliminary study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2007;34(2):341-346.
59. Pignata S, Breda E, Scambia G, et al. A phase II study of weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel as first-line treatment of elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer. A Multicentre Italian Trial in Ovarian cancer (MITO-5) study. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008;66(3):229-236.
60. Pope D, Ramesh H, Gennari R, et al. Pre-operative assessment of cancer in the elderly (PACE): a comprehensive assessment of underlying characteristics of elderly cancer patients prior to elective surgery. Surg Oncol. 2006;15(4):189-197. (Pubitemid 46771201)
61. Repetto L, Fratino L, Audisio RA, et al. Comprehensive geriatric assessment adds information to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status in elderly cancer patients: an Italian Group for Geriatric Oncology Study. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(2):494-502. (Pubitemid 34072534)
62. Roche RJ, Forman WB, Rhyne RL. Formal geriatric assessment, an imperative for the older person with cancer. Cancer Pract. 1997;5(2):81-86. (Pubitemid 27167806)
63. Serraino D, Fratino L, Zagonel V. Prevalence of functional disability among elderly patients with cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2001;39(3):269-273. (Pubitemid 32743433)
64. Siegel AB, Lachs M, Coleman M, Leonard JP. Lymphoma in elderly patients: novel functional assessment techniques provide better discrimination among patients than traditional performance status measures. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2006;7(1):65-69. (Pubitemid 44322772)
65. Stauder R, Moser K, Holzner B, Sperner-Unterweger B, Kemmler G. Six independent domains are defined by geriatric assessment in elderly cancer patients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2010;74(2):97-105.
66. To THM, Okera M, Prouse J, Prowse RJ, Singhal N. Infancy of an Australian geriatric oncology program-characteristics of the first 200 patients. J Geriatr Oncol. 2010;1(2):81-86.
67. Venturino A, Comandini D, Granetto C, et al. Formestane is feasible and effective in elderly breast cancer patients with comorbidity and disability. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2000;62(3):217-222.
68. Wedding U, Rohrig B, Klippstein A, et al. Co-morbidity and functional deficits independently contribute to quality of life before chemotherapy in elderly cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2007;15(9):1097-1104. (Pubitemid 47340972)
69. Fratino L, Serraino D, Repetto L, et al. Comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly cancer patients. Preliminary results from the Italian Group of Geriatric Oncology-GIOG-er. Rays. 1999;24(2):53-57. (Pubitemid 29476868)
70. Sorio R, Toffoli G, Crivellari D, et al. Oral etoposide in elderly patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer: a clinical and pharmacological study. J Chemother. 2006;18(2):188-191. (Pubitemid 43774294)
71. Kristjansson SR, Jordhoy MS, Nesbakken A, et al. Which elements of a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) predict post-operative complications and early mortality after colorectal surgery? J Geriatr Oncol. 2010 1 257-69.
72. Cudennec T, Mitry E, Moulias S, et al. Which patients should receive geriatric assessment before chemotherapy? Adv Gastrointest Cancer. 2007 5 4 3-6.
73. Clough-Gorr KM, Stuck AE, Thwin SS, Silliman RA. Older breast cancer survivors: geriatric assessment domains are associated with poor tolerance of treatment adverse effects and predict mortality over 7 years of follow-up. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(3):380-386.
74. Extermann M, Meyer J, McGinnis M, et al. A comprehensive geriatric intervention detects multiple problems in older breast cancer patients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2004;49(1):69-75. (Pubitemid 38084822)
75. Kristjansson SR, Nesbakken A, Jordhoy MS, et al. Comprehensive geriatric assessment can predict complications in elderly patients after elective surgery for colorectal cancer: a prospective observational cohort study. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2010;76(3):208-217.
76. Massa E, Madeddu C, Astara G, et al. An attempt to correlate a "Multidimensional Geriatric Assessment" (MGA), treatment assignment and clinical outcome in elderly cancer patients: results of a phase II open study. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008;66(1):75-83.
77. Overcash JA, Beckstead J. Predicting falls in older patients using components of a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2008;12(6):941-949.
78. Mohile SG, Bylow K, Dale W, et al. A pilot study of the vulnerable elders survey-13 compared with the comprehensive geriatric assessment for identifying disability in older patients with prostate cancer who receive androgen ablation. Cancer. 2007;109(4):802-810. (Pubitemid 46233244)
79. Basso U, Tonti S, Bassi C, et al. Management of frail and not-frail elderly cancer patients in a hospital-based geriatric oncology program. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008;66(2):163-170.
80. Koroukian SM, Xu F, Bakaki PM, et al. Comorbidities, functional limitations, and geriatric syndromes in relation to treatment and survival patterns among elders with colorectal cancer. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010;65(3):322-329.
81. Overcash JA, Beckstead J, Extermann M, Cobb S. The abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment (aCGA): a retrospective analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2005;54(2):129-136. (Pubitemid 40544950)
82. Retornaz F, Seux V, Pauly V, Soubeyrand J. Geriatric assessment and care for older cancer inpatients admitted in acute care for elders unit. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008;68(2):165-171.
83. Overcash JA, Beckstead J, Moody L, Extermann M, Cobb S. The abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment (aCGA) for use in the older cancer patient as a prescreen: scoring and interpretation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2006;59(3):205-210. (Pubitemid 44279425)
84. Cudennec T, Gendry T, Labrune S, et al. Use of a simplified geriatric evaluation in thoracic oncology. Lung Cancer. 2010;67(2):232-236.
85. Ingram SS, Seo PH, Martell RE, et al. Comprehensive assessment of the elderly cancer patient: the feasibility of self-report methodology. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(3):770-775. (Pubitemid 34111385)
86. Garman KS, McConnell ES, Cohen HJ. Inpatient care for elderly cancer patients: the role for geriatric evaluation and management units in fulfilling goals for care. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2004;51(3):241-247. (Pubitemid 39158690)
87. Terret C, Albrand G, Droz JP. Geriatric assessment in elderly patients with prostate cancer. Clin Prostate Cancer. 2004;2(4):236-240. (Pubitemid 38500694)
88. Hurria A, Gupta S, Zauderer M, et al. Developing a cancer-specific geriatric assessment: a feasibility study. Cancer. 2005;104(9):1998-2005. (Pubitemid 41513186)
89. Hurria A, Lichtman SM, Gardes J, et al.Identifying vulnerable older adults with cancer: integrating geriatric assessment into oncology practice. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(10):1604-1608. (Pubitemid 47508501)
90. Hurria A, Li D, Hansen K, et al. Distress in older patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(26):4346-4351.
91. Koroukian SM, Murray P, Madigan E. Comorbidity, disability, and geriatric syndromes in elderly cancer patients receiving home health care. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(15):2304-2310. (Pubitemid 46630661)
92. Flood KL, Carroll MB, Le CV, et al. Geriatric syndromes in elderly patients admitted to an oncology-acute care for elders unit. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(15):2298-2303. (Pubitemid 46630660)
93. Retornaz F, Monette J, Batist G, et al. Usefulness of frailty markers in the assessment of the health and functional status of older cancer patients referred for chemotherapy: a pilot study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63(5):518-522.
94. Puts MT, Monette J, Girre V, et al. Does frailty predict hospitalization, emergency department visits, and visits to the general practitioner in older newly-diagnosed cancer patients? Results of a prospective pilot study. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2010;76(2):142-151.
95. Puts MT, Monette J, Girre V, et al. Are frailty markers useful for predicting treatment toxicity and mortality in older newly diagnosed cancer patients? Results from a prospective pilot study. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2011;78(2):138-149.
96. Yonnet S, Gazaille V, Grasset-Dupuy M, et al. Age and management decisions in patients with primary lung cancer. Rev Mal Respir. 2008;25(3):295-302. (Pubitemid 351704766)
97. Rollot-Trad F, Lahjibi H, Lazarovici C, et al. Haematological malignancies in older adults: experience in a geriatric acute care department. Rev Med Interne. 2008;29(7):541-549.
98. Barthelemy P, Heitz D, Mathelin C, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients with early breast cancer. Impact of age and comprehensive geriatric assessment on tumor board proposals. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2011;79(2):196-204.
99. Wedding U, Kodding D, Pientka L, Steinmetz HT, Schmitz S. Physicians' judgement and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) select different patients as fit for chemotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2007;64(1):1-9. (Pubitemid 47362733)
100. Fukuse T, Satoda N, Hijiya K, Fujinaga T. Importance of a comprehensive geriatric assessment in prediction of complications following thoracic surgery in elderly patients. Chest. 2005;127(3):886-891. (Pubitemid 40775520)
101. Balducci L, Stanta G. Cancer in the frail patient. A coming epidemic. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2000;14(1):235-250, xi.
102. Balducci L, Colloca G, Cesari M, Gambassi G. Assessment and treatment of elderly patients with cancer. Surg Oncol. 2010;19(3):117-123.
103. Ellis G, Whitehead MA, O'Neill D, Langhorne P, Robinson D. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older adults admitted to hospital. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;7:CD006211.
104. Bergman H, Ferrucci L, Guralnik J, et al. Frailty: an emerging research and clinical paradigm issues and controversies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62(7):731-737. (Pubitemid 350143604)
105. Townsley C, Pond GR, Peloza B, et al. Analysis of treatment practices for elderly cancer patients in Ontario, Canada. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(16):3802- 3810.
106. Hurria A, Togawa K, Mohile SG, et al. Predicting chemotherapy toxicity in older adults with cancer: a prospective multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2011; 29(25):3457-3465.
107. Hurria A, Cirrincione CT, Muss HB, et al. Implementing a geriatric assessment in cooperative group clinical cancer trials: CALGB 360401. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(10):1290-1296.
108. Horgan AM, Leighl NB, Coate L, et al. Impact and feasibility of a comprehensive geriatric assessment in the oncology setting: a pilot study [published online ahead of print March 17, 2011]. Am J Clin Oncol. 2011. doi:10.1097/COC.0b013e318210f9ce.
109. Biesma B, Wymenga AN, Vincent A, et al. Quality of life, geriatric assessment and survival in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with carboplatin-gemcitabine or carboplatin-paclitaxel: NVALT-3 a phase III study. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(7):1520-1527.
110. Winkelmann N, Petersen I, Kiehntopf M, et al. Results of comprehensive geriatric assessment effect survival in patients with malignant lymphoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2011;137(4):733-738.
111. Clough-Gorr KM, Thwin SS, Stuck AE, Silliman RA. Examining five- and ten-year survival in older women with breast cancer using cancer-specific geriatric assessment. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48(6):805-812.
112. Caillet P, Canoui-Poitrine F, Vouriot J, et al. Comprehensive geriatric assessment in the decision-making process in elderly patients with cancer: ELCAPA study. J Clin Oncol. 2011; 20;29(27):3636-3642.
113. Extermann M, Albrand G, Chen H, et al. Are older French patients as willing as older American patients to undertake chemotherapy? J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(17):3214-3219. (Pubitemid 46606252)
114. Silvestri G, Pritchard R, Welch HG. Preferences for chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: descriptive study based on scripted interviews. BMJ. 1998;317(7161):771-775. (Pubitemid 28427226)
115. Bellera CA, Rainfray M, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, et al. Screening older cancer patients: first evaluation of the G-8 geriatric screening tool [published online ahead of print]. Ann Oncol. 2012. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdr587