Changes in judgment biases and use of emotion regulation strategies during cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: Distinguishing treatment responders from nonresponders

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Volumn 36, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 261-271

  Moscovitch, David A ^a   Gavric, Dubravka L ^a   Senn, Jessica M ^b   Santesso, Diane L ^c   Miskovic, Vladimir ^c   Schmidt, Louis A ^c   McCabe, Randi E ^d   Antony, Martin M ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science   (Canada)

^c MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^e RYERSON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cognitive behavioral therapy; Cognitive reappraisal; Emotion regulation; Judgment biases; Social anxiety; Treatment response

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DECISION MAKING; EMOTIONALITY; HUMAN; NONRESPONSE BIAS; REVIEW; SELF REPORT; SOCIAL PHOBIA; THERAPY EFFECT; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

EID: 84864692351     PISSN: 01475916     EISSN: 15732819     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10608-011-9371-1     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Antony, M. M., Coons, M. J., McCabe, R. E., Ashbaugh, A., & Swinson, R. P. (2006). Psychometric properties of the social phobia inventory: Further evaluation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1177-1185. (Pubitemid 44192511)
2. Antony, M. M., & Swinson, R. P. (2008). Shyness and social anxiety workbook: Proven, step-by-step techniques for overcoming your fear (2nd ed.). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
3. Arch, J. J., & Craske, M. G. (2008). Acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: Different treatments, similar mechanisms? Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 15, 263-279.
4. Berk, M., Ng, F., Dodd, S., Callaly, T., Campbell, S., Bernardo, M., et al. (2008). The validity of the CGI severity and improvement scales as measures of clinical effectiveness suitable for routine clinical use. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 14, 979-983.
5. Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006a). Acceptability and suppression of negative emotion in anxiety and mood disorders. Emotion, 6, 587-595. (Pubitemid 44912369)
6. Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006b). Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1251-1263. (Pubitemid 44109838)
7. Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., et al. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 568-578. (Pubitemid 44128236)
8. Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., McManus, F., Hackmann, A., Fennell, M., Campbell, H., et al. (2003). Cognitive therapy versus fluoxetine in generalized social phobia: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 1058-1067. (Pubitemid 37448896)
9. Clark, D. M., Layard, R., Smithies, R., Richard, D. A., Suckling, R., & Wright, B. (2009). Improving access to psychological therapy: Initial evaluation of two UK demonstration sites. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 910-920.
10. Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69-93). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
11. Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. New York: Academic Press.
12. Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155-159.
13. Connor, K. M., Davidson, J. R. T., Churchill, L. E., Sherwood, A., Foa, E. B., & Weisler, R. H. (2000). Psychometric properties of the social phobia inventory (SPIN): A new self-rating scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 379-386.
14. Davidson, J. R. T., Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Keefe, F. J., Franklin, M. E., Compton, J. S., et al. (2004). Fluoxetine, comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy, and placebo in generalized social phobia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1005-1013. (Pubitemid 39336534)
15. Ehrenreich, J. T., Fairholme, C. P., Buzzella, B. A., Ellard, K. K., & Barlow, D. H. (2007). The role of emotion in psychological therapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14, 422-428. (Pubitemid 350142151)
16. Eskildsen, A., Hougaard, E., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2010). Pretreatment patient variables as predictors of drop-out and treatment outcome in cognitive behavioural therapy for social phobia: A systematic review. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 64, 94-105.
17. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1996). Structured clinical interview for Axis I and II DSM-IV disorders-Patient edition (SCID-I/P). New York, NY: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research Department.
18. Foa, E. B., Franklin, M. E., Perry, K. J., & Herbert, J. D. (1996). Cognitive biases in generalized social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 433-439. (Pubitemid 26268712)
19. Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2007). Statistics for the behavioral sciences (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
20. Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 224-237. (Pubitemid 128458964)
21. Gross, J. J. (1999). Emotion regulation: Past, present and future. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 551-573.
22. Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362. (Pubitemid 37394968)
23. Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1997). Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting positive and negative emotions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 95-103. (Pubitemid 27063195)
24. Guy, W. (Ed.). (1976). ECDEU assessment for psychopharmacology (revised). Rockville, MD: NIMH Publication.
25. Haga, S. M., Kraft, P., & Corby, E. -K. (2009). Emotion regulation: Antecedents and well-being outcomes of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in cross-cultural samples. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 271-291.
26. Harris, C. R. (2001). Cardiovascular responses of embarrassment and effects of emotional suppression in a social setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 886-897. (Pubitemid 33597825)
27. Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., et al. (1998). Cognitive behavioural group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 1133-1141. (Pubitemid 28558287)
28. Hofmann, S. G. (2004). Cognitive mediation of treatment change in social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 392-399. (Pubitemid 38679637)
29. Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12-19.
30. Kashdan, T. B., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Expanding the topography of social anxiety: An experience-sampling assessment of positive emotions, positive events, and emotion suppression. Psychological Science, 17, 120-128. (Pubitemid 43424379)
31. Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593-602. (Pubitemid 40973434)
32. McHugh, R. K., & Barlow, D. H. (2010). The dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychological treatments: A review of current efforts. American Psychologist, 65, 73-84.
33. McManus, F., Clark, D. M., & Hackmann, A. (2000). Specificity of cognitive biases in social phobia and their role in recovery. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 28, 201-209. (Pubitemid 30616169)
34. Moore, S. A., Zoellner, L. A., & Mollenholt, N. (2008). Are expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal associated with stress-related symptoms? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 993-1000.
35. Morris, S. B., & DeShon, R. P. (2002). Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent- groups designs. Psychological Methods, 7, 105-125.
36. Moscovitch, D. A. (2009). What is the core fear in social phobia?: A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16, 123-134.
37. Moses, E. B., & Barlow, D. H. (2006). A new unified treatment approach for emotional disorders based on emotion science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 146-150. (Pubitemid 43865319)
38. Norton, P. J., & Price, E. C. (2007). A meta-analytic review of adult cognitive-behavioral treatment outcome across the anxiety disorders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 521-531. (Pubitemid 46945492)
39. Otto, M. W., Pollack, M. H., Gould, R. A., Worthington, J. J., McArdle, E. T., Rosenbaum, J. F., et al. (2000). A comparison of the efficacy of clonazepam and cognitive-behavioral group therapy for the treatment of social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14, 345-358. (Pubitemid 30665663)
40. Rapee, R. M., Gaston, J. E., & Abbott, M. J. (2009). Testing the efficacy of theoretically derived improvements in the treatment of social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 317-327.
41. Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741-756. (Pubitemid 27336908)
42. Smits, J. A. J., Rosenfield, D., McDonald, R., & Telch, M. J. (2006). Cognitive mechanisms of social anxiety reduction: An examination of specificity and temporality. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 1203-1212. (Pubitemid 44950843)
43. Spokas, M., Luterek, J. A., & Heimberg, R. G. (2009). Social anxiety and emotional suppression: The mediating role of beliefs. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 283-291.
44. Steketee, G., & Chambless, D. L. (1992). Methodological issues in prediction of treatment outcome. Clinical Psychology Review
45. Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2008). Self-related and interpersonal judgement biases in social anxiety disorder: Changes during treatment and relationship to outcome. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1, 125-137.
46. Zaider, T. I., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2003). Evaluation of the clinical global impression scale among individuals with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences, 33, 611-622. 12, 387-400. (Pubitemid 36626043)