Genetic variants in the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene (TPH2) and depression during and after pregnancy

Journal of Psychiatric Research

Volumn 46, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 1109-1117

  Fasching, Peter A ^a,b   Faschingbauer, Florian ^a   Goecke, Tamme W ^a   Engel, Anne ^a   Häberle, Lothar ^a   Seifert, Anna ^c   Voigt, Franziska ^a   Amann, Manuela ^a   Rebhan, Dirk ^a   Burger, Pascal ^a   Kornhuber, Johannes ^a   Ekici, Arif B ^d   Beckmann, Matthias W ^a   Binder, Elisabeth B ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ERLANGEN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Depression; Genetics; Polymorphisms; Pregnancy; Serotonin

Indexed keywords

TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE 2;

ADULT; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; DEPRESSION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EDINBURGH POSTNATAL DEPRESSION SCALE; FEMALE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HAPLOTYPE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PREGNANCY DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PUERPERAL DEPRESSION; PUERPERIUM; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANCY;

COHORT STUDIES; DEPRESSION, POSTPARTUM; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; PHENOTYPE; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; QUESTIONNAIRES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE;

EID: 84864390803     PISSN: 00223956     EISSN: 18791379     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.05.011     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Alder J., Fink N., Bitzer J., Hosli I., Holzgreve W. Depression and anxiety during pregnancy: a risk factor for obstetric, fetal and neonatal outcome? A critical review of the literature. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2007, 20:189-209.
2. Anttila S., Viikki M., Huuhka K., Huuhka M., Huhtala H., Rontu R., et al. TPH2 polymorphisms may modify clinical picture in treatment-resistant depression. Neuroscience Letters 2009, 464:43-46.
3. Baehne C.G., Ehlis A.C., Plichta M.M., Conzelmann A., Pauli P., Jacob C., et al. Tph2 gene variants modulate response control processes in adult ADHD patients and healthy individuals. Molecular Psychiatry 2009, 14:1032-1039.
4. Bailara K.M., Henry C., Lestage J., Launay J.M., Parrot F., Swendsen J., et al. Decreased brain tryptophan availability as a partial determinant of post-partum blues. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2006, 31:407-413.
5. Barrett J.C., Fry B., Maller J., Daly M.J. Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps. Bioinformatics 2005, 21:263-265.
6. Belmaker R.H., Agam G. Major depressive disorder. New England Journal of Medicine 2008, 358:55-68.
7. Bergant A.M., Nguyen T., Heim K., Ulmer H., Dapunt O. German language version and validation of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 1998, 123:35-40.
8. Binder E.B., Jeffrey Newport D., Zach E.B., Smith A.K., Deveau T.C., Altshuler L.L., et al. A serotonin transporter gene polymorphism predicts peripartum depressive symptoms in an at-risk psychiatric cohort. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2010, 44:640-646.
9. Blom E.A., Jansen P.W., Verhulst F.C., Hofman A., Raat H., Jaddoe V.W., et al. Perinatal complications increase the risk of postpartum depression. The Generation R Study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2010, 117:1390-1398.
10. Booij L., Turecki G., Leyton M., Gravel P., Lopez De Lara C., Diksic M., et al. Tryptophan hydroxylase(2) gene polymorphisms predict brain serotonin synthesis in the orbitofrontal cortex in humans. Molecular Psychiatry 2011.
11. Brown S.M., Peet E., Manuck S.B., Williamson D.E., Dahl R.E., Ferrell R.E., et al. A regulatory variant of the human tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene biases amygdala reactivity. Molecular Psychiatry 2005, 10. 884-888, 805.
12. Cichon S., Winge I., Mattheisen M., Georgi A., Karpushova A., Freudenberg J., et al. Brain-specific tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2): a functional Pro206Ser substitution and variation in the 5'-region are associated with bipolar affective disorder. Human Molecular Genetics 2008, 17:87-97.
13. Coppen A. The biochemistry of affective disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry 1967, 113:1237-1264.
14. Corwin E.J., Kohen R., Jarrett M., Stafford B. The heritability of postpartum depression. Biological Research For Nursing 2010, 12:73-83.
15. Costas J., Gratacos M., Escaramis G., Martin-Santos R., de Diego Y., Baca-Garcia E., et al. Association study of 44 candidate genes with depressive and anxiety symptoms in post-partum women. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2010, 44:717-724.
16. Deave T., Heron J., Evans J., Emond A. The impact of maternal depression in pregnancy on early child development. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2008, 115:1043-1051.
17. Deshauer D., Moher D., Fergusson D., Moher E., Sampson M., Grimshaw J. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for unipolar depression: a systematic review of classic long-term randomized controlled trials. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2008, 178:1293-1301.
18. Doornbos B., Dijck-Brouwer D.A., Kema I.P., Tanke M.A., van Goor S.A., Muskiet F.A., et al. The development of peripartum depressive symptoms is associated with gene polymorphisms of MAOA, 5-HTT and COMT. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2009, 33:1250-1254.
19. Eberhard-Gran M., Eskild A., Tambs K., Opjordsmoen S., Ove Samuelsen S. Review of validation studies of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2001, 104:243-249.
20. Fava M., Kendler K.S. Major depressive disorder. Neuron 2000, 28:335-341.
21. Forty L., Jones L., Macgregor S., Caesar S., Cooper C., Hough A., et al. Familiality of postpartum depression in unipolar disorder: results of a family study. American Journal of Psychiatry 2006, 163:1549-1553.
22. Gabriel S.B., Schaffner S.F., Nguyen H., Moore J.M., Roy J., Blumenstiel B., et al. The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome. Science 2002, 296:2225-2229.
23. Gavin N.I., Gaynes B.N., Lohr K.N., Meltzer-Brody S., Gartlehner G., Swinson T. Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2005, 106:1071-1083.
24. Gawlik S., Reck C., Kuelkens S., Waldeier L., Sohn C., Schlehe B., et al. Prenatal depression and anxiety - what is important for the obstetrician?. Geburtsh Frauenheilk 2010, 70:361-368.
25. Gaynes B.N., Gavin N., Meltzer-Brody S., Lohr K.N., Swinson T., Gartlehner G., et al. Perinatal depression: prevalence, screening accuracy, and screening outcomes. Evidence Report - Technology Assessment (Summary) 2005, 1-8.
26. Goodman S.H., Rouse M.H., Connell A.M., Broth M.R., Hall C.M., Heyward D. Maternal depression and child psychopathology: a meta-analytic review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 2011, 14:1-27.
27. Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M., Diaconu C.C., Herms S., Bleotu C., Vollmer J., Muhleisen T.W., et al. Investigation of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene in bipolar I disorder in the Romanian population. Psychiatric Genetics 2008, 18:240-247.
28. Harris B., Huckle P., Thomas R., Johns S., Fung H. The use of rating scales to identify post-natal depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry 1989, 154:813-817.
29. Invernizzi R.W. Role of TPH-2 in brain function: news from behavioral and pharmacologic studies. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2007, 85:3030-3035.
30. Kendler K.S., Neale M.C., Kessler R.C., Heath A.C., Eaves L.J. The lifetime history of major depression in women. Reliability of diagnosis and heritability. Archives of General Psychiatry 1993, 50:863-870.
31. Kohl C., Walch T., Huber R., Kemmler G., Neurauter G., Fuchs D., et al. Measurement of tryptophan, kynurenine and neopterin in women with and without postpartum blues. Journal of Affective Disorders 2005, 86:135-142.
32. Kohli M.A., Lucae S., Saemann P.G., Schmidt M.V., Demirkan A., Hek K., et al. The neuronal transporter gene SLC6A15 confers risk to major depression. Neuron 2011, 70:252-265.
33. Kozhimannil K.B., Pereira M.A., Harlow B.L. Association between diabetes and perinatal depression among low-income mothers. Journal of the American Medical Association 2009, 301:842-847.
34. Lancaster C.A., Gold K.J., Flynn H.A., Yoo H., Marcus S.M., Davis M.M. Risk factors for depressive symptoms during pregnancy: a systematic review. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2010, 202:5-14.
35. Lewis C.M., Ng M.Y., Butler A.W., Cohen-Woods S., Uher R., Pirlo K., et al. Genome-wide association study of major recurrent depression in the U.K. population. American Journal of Psychiatry 2010, 167:949-957.
36. Lim J.E., Pinsonneault J., Sadee W., Saffen D. Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) haplotypes predict levels of TPH2 mRNA expression in human pons. Molecular Psychiatry 2007, 12:491-501.
37. Lin Y.M., Ko H.C., Chang F.M., Yeh T.L., Sun H.S. Population-specific functional variant of the TPH2 gene 2755C>A polymorphism contributes risk association to major depression and anxiety in Chinese peripartum women. Archives of Women's Mental Health 2009, 12:401-408.
38. Maes M., Ombelet W., Verkerk R., Bosmans E., Scharpe S. Effects of pregnancy and delivery on the availability of plasma tryptophan to the brain: relationships to delivery-induced immune activation and early post-partum anxiety and depression. Psychological Medicine 2001, 31:847-858.
39. Maes M., Verkerk R., Bonaccorso S., Ombelet W., Bosmans E., Scharpe S. Depressive and anxiety symptoms in the early puerperium are related to increased degradation of tryptophan into kynurenine, a phenomenon which is related to immune activation. Life Sciences 2002, 71:1837-1848.
40. Mahon P.B., Payne J.L., MacKinnon D.F., Mondimore F.M., Goes F.S., Schweizer B., et al. Genome-wide linkage and follow-up association study of postpartum mood symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry 2009, 166:1229-1237.
41. Marziniak M., Kienzler C., Kuhlenbaumer G., Sommer C., Mossner R. Functional gene variants of the serotonin-synthesizing enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 2 in migraine. Journal of Neural Transmission 2009, 116:815-819.
42. Mautner E., Egger J.W., Daghofer F., Lang U., Greimel E. Medical and psychosocial risk factors for depression and decreased quality of life in pregnancy and postpartum. Geburtsh Frauenheilk 2010, 70:298-303.
43. McGuffin P., Katz R., Watkins S., Rutherford J. A hospital-based twin register of the heritability of DSM-IV unipolar depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1996, 53:129-136.
44. Mehta D., Quast C., Fasching P.A., Seifert A., Voigt F., Beckmann M.W., et al. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism modulates the influence on environmental stressors on peripartum depression symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders 2012, 3:1192-1197.
45. Muglia P., Tozzi F., Galwey N.W., Francks C., Upmanyu R., Kong X.Q., et al. Genome-wide association study of recurrent major depressive disorder in two European case-control cohorts. Molecular Psychiatry 2010, 15:589-601.
46. Murphy-Eberenz K., Zandi P.P., March D., Crowe R.R., Scheftner W.A., Alexander M., et al. Is perinatal depression familial?. Journal of Affective Disorders 2006, 90:49-55.
47. Murray L., Carothers A.D. The validation of the Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale on a community sample. The British Journal of Psychiatry 1990, 157:288-290.
48. Navarro P., Ascaso C., Garcia-Esteve L., Aguado J., Torres A., Martín-Santos R. Postnatal psychiatric morbidity: a validation study of the GHQ-12 and the EPDS as screening tools. General Hospital Psychiatry 2007, 29:1-7.
49. Oppo A., Mauri M., Ramacciotti D., Camilleri V., Banti S., Borri C., et al. Risk factors for postpartum depression: the role of the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R). Results from the Perinatal Depression-Research & Screening Unit (PNDReScU) study. Archives of Women's Mental Health 2009, 12:239-249.
50. Payne J.L., MacKinnon D.F., Mondimore F.M., McInnis M.G., Schweizer B., Zamoiski R.B., et al. Familial aggregation of postpartum mood symptoms in bipolar disorder pedigrees. Bipolar Disorders 2008, 10:38-44.
51. Poobalan A.S., Aucott L.S., Ross L., Smith W.C., Helms P.J., Williams J.H. Effects of treating postnatal depression on mother-infant interaction and child development: systematic review. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2007, 191:378-386.
52. Reulbach U., Bleich S., Knorr J., Burger P., Fasching P.A., Kornhuber J., et al. Pre-, peri- and postpartal depression. Fortschritte der Neurologie - Psychiatrie 2009, 77:708-713.
53. Rietschel M., Mattheisen M., Frank J., Treutlein J., Degenhardt F., Breuer R., et al. Genome-wide association-, replication-, and neuroimaging study implicates HOMER1 in the etiology of major depression. Biological Psychiatry 2010, 68:578-585.
54. Sanjuan J., Martin-Santos R., Garcia-Esteve L., Carot J.M., Guillamat R., Gutierrez-Zotes A., et al. Mood changes after delivery: role of the serotonin transporter gene. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2008, 193:383-388.
55. Scheid J.M., Holzman C.B., Jones N., Friderici K.H., Nummy K.A., Symonds L.L., et al. Depressive symptoms in mid-pregnancy, lifetime stressors and the 5-HTTLPR genotype. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2007, 6:453-464.
56. Scheuch K., Lautenschlager M., Grohmann M., Stahlberg S., Kirchheiner J., Zill P., et al. Characterization of a functional promoter polymorphism of the human tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene in serotonergic raphe neurons. Biological Psychiatry 2007, 62:1288-1294.
57. Scrandis D.A., Langenberg P., Tonelli L.H., Sheikh T.M., Manogura A.C., Alberico L.A., et al. Prepartum depressive symptoms correlate positively with c-reactive protein levels and negatively with tryptophan levels: a preliminary report. International Journal of Child Health and Human Development 2008, 1:167-174.
58. Shi J., Potash J.B., Knowles J.A., Weissman M.M., Coryell W., Scheftner W.A., et al. Genome-wide association study of recurrent early-onset major depressive disorder. Molecular Psychiatry 2011, 16:193-201.
59. Shyn S.I., Shi J., Kraft J.B., Potash J.B., Knowles J.A., Weissman M.M., et al. Novel loci for major depression identified by genome-wide association study of sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression and meta-analysis of three studies. Molecular Psychiatry 2011, 16:202-215.
60. Sit D W.K. Identification of postpartum depression. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 2009, 52:456-468.
61. Sullivan P.F., de Geus E.J., Willemsen G., James M.R., Smit J.H., et al. Genome-wide association for major depressive disorder: a possible role for the presynaptic protein piccolo. Molecular Psychiatry 2009, 14:359-375.
62. Sun H.S., Tsai H.W., Ko H.C., Chang F.M., Yeh T.L. Association of tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphism with depression, anxiety and comorbid depression and anxiety in a population-based sample of postpartum Taiwanese women. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2004, 3:328-336.
63. Treloar S.A., Martin N.G., Bucholz K.K., Madden P.A., Heath A.C. Genetic influences on post-natal depressive symptoms: findings from an Australian twin sample. Psychological Medicine 1999, 29:645-654.
64. Van Den Bogaert A., Sleegers K., De Zutter S., Heyrman L., Norrback K.F., Adolfsson R., et al. Association of brain-specific tryptophan hydroxylase, TPH2, with unipolar and bipolar disorder in a Northern Swedish, isolated population. Archives of General Psychiatry 2006, 63:1103-1110.
65. Walitza S., Renner T.J., Dempfle A., Konrad K., Wewetzer C., Halbach A., et al. Transmission disequilibrium of polymorphic variants in the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Molecular Psychiatry 2005, 10:1126-1132.
66. Walther D.J., Peter J.-U., Bashammakh S., Hörtnagl H., Voits M., Fink H., et al. Synthesis of serotonin by a second tryptophan hydroxylase isoform. Science 2003, 299:76.
67. Whittington C.J., Kendall T., Fonagy P., Cottrell D., Cotgrove A., Boddington E. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in childhood depression: systematic review of published versus unpublished data. Lancet 2004, 363:1341-1345.
68. Wray N.R., Pergadia M.L., Blackwood D.H., Penninx B.W., Gordon S.D., Nyholt D.R., et al. Genome-wide association study of major depressive disorder: new results, meta-analysis, and lessons learned. Molecular Psychiatry 2010.
69. Zhao J.H. 2LD, GENECOUNTING and HAP: Computer programs for linkage disequilibrium analysis. Bioinformatics 2004, 20:1325-1326.
70. Zill P., Baghai T.C., Zwanzger P., Schule C., Eser D., Rupprecht R., et al. SNP and haplotype analysis of a novel tryptophan hydroxylase isoform (TPH2) gene provide evidence for association with major depression. Molecular Psychiatry 2004, 9:1030-1036.