A natural freshwater origin for two chlamydial species, Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis and Candidatus Clavochlamydia salmonicola, causing mixed infections in wild brown trout (Salmo trutta)

Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 14, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 2048-2057

  Schmidt Posthaus, Heike ^a   Polkinghorne, Adam ^b,e   Nufer, Lisbeth ^b   Schifferli, Andrea ^b   Zimmermann, Dieter R ^c   Segner, Helmut ^a   Steiner, Pascale ^d   Vaughan, Lloyd ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^d Bundesamt fur Umweltschutz   (Switzerland)

^e QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

RNA 16S;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; AQUACULTURE; ARTICLE; CHLAMYDIACEAE; CHLAMYDIACEAE INFECTION; CLASSIFICATION; FISH DISEASE; GENETICS; GILL; MICROBIOLOGY; MIXED INFECTION; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYSIOLOGY; RIVER; SWITZERLAND; TROUT;

ANIMALS; AQUACULTURE; CHLAMYDIACEAE; CHLAMYDIACEAE INFECTIONS; COINFECTION; FISH DISEASES; GILLS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; RIVERS; RNA, RIBOSOMAL, 16S; SWITZERLAND; TROUT;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CANDIDATUS PISCICHLAMYDIA SALMONIS; CHLAMYDIACEAE; CHLAMYDIALES; SALMO SALAR; SALMO TRUTTA; SALMONIDAE;

EID: 84864386324     PISSN: 14622912     EISSN: 14622920     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02670.x     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Altschul, S.F., Madden, T.L., Schäffer, A.A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W., and Lipman, D.J. (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25: 3389-3402.
2. Berg, O. (2007) The dual myths of the healthy wild fish and the unhealthy farmed fish. Dis Aquat Organ 75: 159-164.
3. Bradley, T.M., Newcomer, C.E., and Maxwell, K.O. (1988) Epitheliocystis associated with massive mortalities of cultured lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Dis Aquat Organ 4: 9-17.
4. Corsaro, D., and Greub, G. (2006) Pathogenic potential of novel chlamydiae and diagnostic approaches to infections due to these obligate intracellular bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 19: 283-297.
5. Corsaro, D., Thomas, V., Goy, G., Venditti, D., Radek, R., and Greub, G. (2007) 'Candidatus Rhabdochlamydia crassificans', an intracellular bacterial pathogen of the cockroach Blatta orientalis (Insecta: Blattodea). Syst Appl Microbiol 30: 221-228.
6. Corsaro, D., Feroldi, V., Saucedo, G., Ribas, F., Loret, J.F., and Greub, G. (2009) Novel Chlamydiales strains isolated from a water treatment plant. Environ Microbiol 11: 188-200.
7. Crespo, S., Zarza, C., Padro's, F., and Marín de Mateo, M. (1999) Epitheliocystis agents in sea bream Sparus aurata: morphological evidence for two distinct chlamydia-like developmental cycles. Dis Aquat Organ 37: 61-72.
8. Crespo, S., Zarza, C., and Padrós, F. (2001) Epitheliocystis hyperinfection in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.): light and electron microscope observations. J Fish Dis 24: 557-560.
9. Draghi, A., Popov, V.L., Kahl, M.M., Stanton, J.B., Brown, C.C., Tsongalis, G.J., etal. (2004) Characterization of 'Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis' (order Chlamydiales), a Chlamydia-like bacterium associated with epitheliocystis in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). J Clin Microbiol 42: 5286-5297.
10. Draghi, A., Bebak, J., Popov, V.L., Noble, A.C., Geary, S.J., West, A.B., etal. (2007) Characterization of a Neochlamydia-like bacterium associated with epitheliocystis in cultured Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Dis Aquat Organ 76: 27-38.
11. Draghi, A., Bebak, J., Daniels, S., Tulman, E.R., Geary, S.J., West, A.B., etal. (2010) Identification of 'Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis' in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpines during a survey of charr production facilities in North America. Dis Aquat Organ 89: 39-49.
12. Heuch, P.A., Bjørn, P.A., Finstad, B., Host, J.C., Asplin, L., and Nilsen, F. (2005) A review of the Norwegian national action plan against salmon lice on salmonids: the effect on wild salmonids. Aquaculture 246: 79-92.
13. Hoffman, G.L., Dunbar, C.E., Wolf, K., and Zwillenberg, L.O. (1969) Epitheliocystis, a new infectious disease of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 35: 146-158.
14. Karlsen, M., Nylund, A., Watanabe, K., Helvik, J.V., Nylund, S., and Plarre, H. (2008) Characterization of 'Candidatus Clavochlamydia salmonicola': an intracellular bacterium infecting salmonid fish. Environ Microbiol 10: 208-218.
15. Katharios, P., Papadaki, M., Papandroulakis, N., and Divanach, P. (2008) Severe mortality in mesocosm-reared sharpsnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo larvae due to epitheliocystis infection. Dis Aquat Organ 82: 55-60.
16. Kostanjsek, R., Strus, J., Drobne, D., and Avgustin, G. (2004) 'Candidatus Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis', an intracellular bacterium from the hepatopancreas of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber (Crustacea: Isopoda). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2: 543-549.
17. Meijer, A., Roholl, P.J., Ossewaarde, J.M., Jones, B., and Nowak, B.F. (2006) Molecular evidence for association of chlamydiales bacteria with epitheliocystis in leafy seadragon (Phycodurus eques), silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus), and barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 284-290.
18. Mitchell, S.O., and Rodger, H. (2011) A review of infectious gill disease in marine salmonid fish. J Fish Dis 34: 411-432.
19. Mitchell, S.O., Steinum, T., Rodger, H., Holland, C., Falk, K., and Colquhoun, D.J. (2010) Epitheliocystis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., farmed in fresh water in Ireland is associated with 'Candidatus Clavochlamydia salmonicola' infection. J Fish Dis 33: 665-673.
20. Mustafa, A., Speare, D., Daley, J., Conboy, G.A., and Burka, J.F. (2000) Enhanced susceptibility of seawater cultured rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), to the microsporidian Loma salmonae during a primary infection with the sea louse, Lepeophthreirus salmonis. J Fish Dis 23: 337-341.
21. Nowak, B.F., and LaPatra, S.E. (2006) Epitheliocystis in fish. J Fish Dis 29: 573-588.
22. Nylund, A., Kvenseth, A.M., and Isdal, E. (1998) A morphological study of the epitheliocystis agent in farmed Atlantic salmon. J Aquat Anim Health 10: 43-55.
23. Paperna, I. (1977) Epitheliocystis infection in wild and cultured sea bream (Sparus aurata) and grey mullets (Liza ramada). Aquaculture 10: 169-176.
24. Polkinghorne, A., Schmidt-Posthaus, H., Meijer, A., Lehner, A., and Vaughan, L. (2010) Novel Chlamydiales associated with epitheliocystis in a leopard shark Triakis semifasciata. Dis Aquat Organ 91: 75-81.
25. Rodger, H.D., Murphy, K., Mitchell, S.O., and Henry, L. (2011) Gill disease in marine farmed Atlantic salmon at four farms in Ireland. Vet Rec 168: 668-772.
26. Rourke, A.W., Davis, R.W., and Bradley, T.M. (1984) A light and electron microscopic study of epitheliocystis in juvenile steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. J Fish Dis 7: 301-309.
27. Schmidt-Posthaus, H., Bernet, D., Wahli, T., and Burkhardt-Holm, P. (2001) Morphological organ alterations and infectious diseases in brown trout Salmo trutta and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to polluted river water. Dis Aquat Organ 44: 161-170.
28. Segner, S., Sundh, H., Buchmann, K., Douxfils, J., Sundell, K.S., Mathieu, C., etal. (2011) Health of farmed fish: its relation to fish welfare and its utility as welfare indicator. Fish Physiol Biochem. doi: 10.1007/s10695-011-9517-9.
29. Steinum, T., Kvellestad, A., Colquhoun, D.J., Heum, M., Mohammad, S., Nygaard Grøntvedt, R., and Falk, K. (2010) Microbial and pathological findings in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar with proliferative gill inflammation. Dis Aquat Organ 91: 201-211.
30. Thomas, V., Loret, J.F., Jousset, M., and Greub, G. (2008) Biodiversity of amoebae and amoebae-resisting bacteria in a drinking water treatment plant. Environ Microbiol 10: 2728-2745.
31. Turnbull, J., Richards, R., and Tatner, M. (1989) Evidence that superficial brancial colonies on the gills of Salmo salar L. are not Aeromonas salmonicida. J Fish Dis 12: 449-458.