Epitheliocystis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., farmed in fresh water in Ireland is associated with 'Candidatus Clavochlamydia salmonicola' infection

Journal of Fish Diseases

Volumn 33, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 665-673

  Mitchell, S O ^a,b   Steinum, T ^c   Rodger, H ^a   Holland, C ^b   Falk, K ^c   Colquhoun, D J ^c  

^a Vet Aqua International ^*  (Ireland)

^b TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^c NORWEGIAN VETERINARY INSTITUTE   (Norway)

Author keywords

Atlantic salmon; Candidatus Clavochlamydia salmonicola; Chlamydiae; Epitheliocystis; Gill; RT PCR

Indexed keywords

FRESH WATER; RNA 16S; SEA WATER;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHLAMYDIACEAE; CHLAMYDIACEAE INFECTION; FISH DISEASE; FOOD INDUSTRY; GENETICS; GILL; IRELAND; MICROBIOLOGY; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; TIME; CHLAMYDIACEAE INFECTIONS; FISH DISEASES; FISHERY; VETERINARY;

ANIMALS; CHLAMYDIACEAE; CHLAMYDIACEAE INFECTIONS; FISH DISEASES; FISHERIES; FRESH WATER; GILLS; IRELAND; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PREVALENCE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, RIBOSOMAL, 16S; SALMO SALAR; SEAWATER; TIME FACTORS;

CHLAMYDIA; CHLAMYDIAE; SALMO SALAR;

EID: 77956129861     PISSN: 01407775     EISSN: 13652761     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01171.x     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ. Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology 1990, 215:403-410.
2. Bruno D, Collet B, Turnbull A, Kilburn R, Walker A, Pendrey D, McIntosh A, Urquhart K, Taylor G. Evaluation and development of diagnostic methods for Renibacterium salmoninarum causing bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in the UK. Aquaculture 2007, 269:114-122.
3. Crespo S, Grau A, Padrós F. Epitheliocystis disease in the cultured amberjack Seriola dumerii Risso (Carangidae). Aquaculture 1990, 90:197-207.
4. Crespo S, Zarza C, Padrós F, Marin de Mateo M. Epitheliocystis agent in sea bream (Sparus aurata): morphological evidence for two distinct chlamydia-like developmental cycles. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 1999, 37:61-72.
5. Draghi A, Popov VL, Kahl MM, Stanton JB, Brown CC, Tsongalis GJ, West BW, Frasca S. Characterization of "Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis" (Order Chlamydiales), a Chlamydia-like bacterium associated with epitheliocystis in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2004, 42:5286-5297.
6. Draghi A, Bebak J, Popov VL, Noble AC, Geary SJ, West AB, Byrne P, Frasca S. Characterization of a Neochlamydia-like bacterium associated with epitheliocystis in cultured Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2007, 76:27-38.
7. Everett KDE, Bush RM, Andersen AA. Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1999, 49:415-440.
8. Fryer JL, Lannan CN. Rickettsial and chlamydial infections of freshwater and marine fishes, bivalves and crustaceans. Zoological Studies 1994, 33:95-107.
9. Goodwin AE, Park E, Nowak BF. Successful treatment of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (L.), with epitheliocystis hyperinfection. Journal of Fish Diseases 2005, 28:623-625.
10. Herman RL, Wolf K. Epitheliocystis Infection of Fishes 1987, Fish Disease Leaflet 75, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington D.C., U.S.A
11. Hoffman GL, Dunbar CE, Wolf K, Zwillenberg LO. Epitheliocystis, a new infectious disease of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1969, 35:146-158.
12. Karlsen M, Nylund A, Watanabe K, Helvik JV, Nylund S, Plarre H. Characterization of "Candidatus Clavochlamydia salmonicola": an intracellular bacterium infecting salmonid fish. Environmental Microbiology 2008, 10:208-218.
13. Katharios P, Papadaki M, Papandroulakis N, Divanach P. Severe mortality in mesocosm-reared sharpsnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo larvae due to epitheliocystis infection. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2008, 82:55-60.
14. Kim DJ, Park JH, Seok SH, Cho SA, Baek MW, Lee HY, Park JH. Epitheliocystis in carp (Cyprinus carpio) in South Korea. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2004, 67:119-120.
15. Kvellestad A, Falk K, Nygaard SMR, Flesja K, Holm JA. Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV) infection contributes to proliferative gill inflammation (PGI) in seawater-reared Salmo salar. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2005, 67:47-54.
16. Meijer A, Roholl PJM, Ossewaarde JM, Jones B, Nowak BF. Molecular evidence for association of Chlamydiales bacteria with epitheliocystis in leafy seadragon (Phycodurus eques), silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus), and barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2006, 72:284-290.
17. Molnar K, Boros G. A light and electron microscopic study of the agent of carp mucophilosis. Journal of Fish Diseases 1981, 4:325-334.
18. Nowak BF, Clark A. Prevalence of epitheliocystis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., farmed in Tasmania, Australia. Journal of Fish Diseases 1999, 22:73-78.
19. Nowak BF, LaPatra SE. Epitheliocystis in fish. Journal of Fish Diseases 2006, 29:573-588.
20. Nylund A, Kvenseth AM. A morphological study of the epitheliocystis agent in farmed Atlantic salmon. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 1998, 10:43-55.
21. Paperna I. Epitheliocystis infection in wild and cultured sea bream (Sparus aurata, Sparidae) and grey mullets (Liza ramada, Mugilidae). Aquaculture 1977, 10:169-176.
22. Paperna I, Sabnai I. Epitheliocystis disease in fish. Fish Diseases 1980, 228-234. Third COPRAQ-Session, Springer Verlag, Berlin
23. Plehn M. Neue Parasiten in Haut und Kiemen von Fischen. Ichthyochytrium und Mucophilus. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie und Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten Originale 1920, 85:275-281.
24. Rodger HD. Gill disorders: an emerging problem for farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the marine environment? Fish Veterinary Journal 2007, 9:38-48.
25. Sherner-Avni Y, Liberman D. Chlamydia pneumoniae induced ciliostasis in ciliated human bronchial epithelial cells. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1995, 171:1274-1278.
26. Turnbull JF. Epitheliocystis and salmonid rickettsial septicemia. Bacterial Diseases of Fish 1993, 237-254. Inglis VRoberts RJBromage NR. ed. by, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford
27. Venizelos A, Benneti DD. Epitheliocystis disease in cultured yellowtail Seriola mazatlana in Ecuador. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 1996, 27:223-227.
28. Zenker WGE, Ferguson HW, Barker IK, Woodward W. Epithelial and pillar cell replacement in gills of juvenile trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 1987, 86A:423-428.