Adult attachment and emotional processing biases: An Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) study

Biological Psychology

Volumn 91, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 212-220

  Dan, Orrie ^a   Raz, Sivan ^a,b  

^a THE MAX STERN YEZREEL VALLEY COLLEGE   (Israel)

^b TEL HAI COLLEGE   (Israel)

Author keywords

Adult attachment; Emotional processing bias; Event Related Potentials (ERPs); Facial expressions

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEFENSE MECHANISM; EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT; EMOTIONALITY; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADULT; CEREBRAL CORTEX; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EMOTIONS; EVOKED POTENTIALS; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PHOTIC STIMULATION; REACTION TIME;

EID: 84864264400     PISSN: 03010511     EISSN: 18736246     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.06.003     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Adolphs R., Tranel D., Damasio A.R. Dissociable neural systems for recognizing emotions. Brain and Cognition 2003, 52:61-69.
2. Andersson F., Etard O., Denise P., Petit L. Early visual evoked potentials are modulated by eye position in humans induced by whole body rotations. BMC Neuroscience 2004, 5:35.
3. Averill J.R. Studies on anger and aggression. Implications for theories of emotion. American Psychologist 1983, 38:1145-1160.
4. Bar-Haim Y., Lamy D., Glickman S. Attentional bias in anxiety: a behavioral and ERP study. Brain and Cognition 2005, 59:11-22.
5. Bar-Haim Y., Lamy D., Pergamin L., Bakermans-Kranenburg M.J., Van Ijzendoorn M.H. Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin 2007, 133:1-24.
6. Bartholomew K., Horowitz L.M. Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1991, 61:226-244.
7. Batty M., Taylor M.J. Early processing of the six basic facial emotional expressions. Cognitive Brain Research 2003, 17:613-620.
8. Bentin S., Allison T., Puce A., Perez E., McCarthy G. Electrophysiological studies of face perception in humans. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 1996, 8:551-565.
9. Blau V.C., Maurer U., Tottenham N., McCandliss B.D. The face-specific N170 component is modulated by emotional facial expression. Behavioral and Brain Functions 2007, 3:7.
10. Bowlby J. Attachment and Loss. Separation Anxiety and Anger 1973, vol. 2. Basic Books, New York, NY.
11. Bowlby, J., 1982. Attachment and Loss, 2nd ed. Attachment, vol. 1. Basic Books, New York, NY (1st ed., 1969).
12. Brennan K.A., Clark C.L., Shaver P.R. Self-report measurement of adult attachment: an integrative overview. Attachment Theory and Close Relationships 1998, 46-76. Guilford Press, New York, NY. J.A. Simpson, W.S. Rholes (Eds.).
13. Buchheim A., Erk S., George C., Kächele H., Ruchsow M., Spitzer M., Kircher T., Walter H. Measuring attachment representation in an fMRI environment: a pilot study. Psychopathology 2006, 39:144-152.
14. Buckley T.C., Blanchard E.B., Neill W.T. Information processing and PTSD: a review of the empirical literature. Clinical Psychology Review 2000, 20:1041-1065.
15. Carlson J.M., Reinke K.S. Spatial attention-related modulation of the N170 by backward masked fearful faces. Brain and Cognition 2010, 1:20-27.
16. Carretié L., Hinojosa J.A., Martín-Loeches M., Mercado F., Tapia M. Automatic attention to emotional stimuli: neural correlates. Human Brain Mapping 2004, 22:290-299.
17. Clark V.P., Fan S., Hillyard S.A. Identification of early visually evoked potential generators by retinotopic and topographic analyses. Human Brain Mapping 1995, 2:170-187.
18. Clark V.P., Hillyard S.A. Spatial selective attention affects early extrastriate but not striate components of the visual evoked potential. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 1996, 8:387-402.
19. Coan J.A. Toward a neuroscience of attachment. Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications 2008, 241-268. Guilford Press, New York, NY. 2nd ed. J. Cassidy, P.R. Shaver (Eds.).
20. Coan J.A., Schaefer H.S., Davidson R.J. Lending a hand: social regulation of the neural response to threat. Psychological Science 2006, 17:1032-1039.
21. Cooper R.M., Rowe A.C., Penton-Voak I.S., Ludwig C. No reliable effects of emotional facial expression, adult attachment orientation, or anxiety on the allocation of visual attention in the spatial cueing paradigm. Journal of Research in Personality 2009, 43:643-652.
22. Eastwood J.D., Smilek D., Merilke P.M. Differential attentional guidance by unattended faces expressing positive and negative emotion. Perception & Psychophysics 2001, 63:1004-1013.
23. Edelstein R.S. Attachment and emotional memory: investigating the source and extent of avoidant memory deficits. Emotion 2006, 6:340-345.
24. Edelstein R.S., Gillath O. Avoiding interference: adult attachment and emotional processing biases. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2008, 34:171-181.
25. Eimer M. Does the face-specific N170 component reflect the activity of a specialized eye detector?. Neuroreport 1998, 9:2945-2948.
26. Eimer M. The face-specific N170 component reflects late stages in the structural encoding of faces. Neuroreport 2000, 11:2319-2324.
27. Eimer M., Holmes A., McGlone F. The role of spatial attention in the processing of facial expression: an ERP study of rapid brain responses to six basic emotions. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience 2003, 3:97-110.
28. Eimer M., Holmes A. Event-related brain potential correlates of emotional face processing. Neuropsychologia 2007, 45:15-31.
29. Eldar S., Yankelevitch R., Lamy D., Bar-Haim Y. Enhanced neural reactivity and selective attention to threat in anxiety. Biological Psychology 2010, 85:252-257.
30. Feeney J.A., Noller P., Callan V.J. Attachment style, communication and satisfaction in the early years of marriage. Attachment Processes in Adulthood 1994, 269-308. Kingsley, London. K. Bartholomew, D. Perlman (Eds.).
31. Felmingham K.L., Bryant R.A., Gordon E. Processing angry and neutral faces in post-traumatic stress disorder: an event-related potentials study. Neuroreport 2003, 14:777-780.
32. Fox E., Lester V., Russo R., Bowles R.J., Pichler A., Dutton K. Facial expressions of emotion: are angry faces detected more efficiently?. Cognition and Emotion 2000, 14:61-92.
33. Foxe J.J., Simpson G.V. Flow of activation from V1 to frontal cortex in humans. A framework for defining " early" visual processing. Experimental Brain Research 2002, 142:139-150.
34. Fraedrich E.M., Lakatos K., Spangler G. Brain activity during emotion perception: the role of attachment representation. Attachment & Human Development 2010, 12:231-248.
35. Fraley R.C., Davis K.E., Shaver P.R. Dismissing-avoidance and the defensive organization of emotion, cognition and behavior. Attachment Theory and Close Relationships 1998, 249-279. Guilford Press, New York, NY. J.A. Simpson, W.S. Rholes (Eds.).
36. Fraley R.C., Garner J.P., Shaver P.R. Adult attachment and the defensive regulation of attention and memory: examining the role of preemptive and postemptive defensive processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 79:816-826.
37. Fraley R.C., Niedenthal P.M., Marks M., Brumbaugh C., Vicary A. Adult attachment and the perception of emotional expressions: probing the hyperactivating strategies underlying anxious attachment. Journal of Personality 2006, 74:1163-1190.
38. Fu S., Caggiano D.M., Greenwood P.M., Parasuraman R. Event-related potentials reveal dissociable mechanisms for orienting and focusing visuospatial attention. Cognitive Brain Research 2005, 23:341-353.
39. Gillath O., Bunge S.A., Shaver P.R., Wendelken C., Mikulincer M. Attachment-style differences and ability to suppress negative thoughts: exploring the neural correlates. NeuroImage 2005, 28:835-847.
40. Halgren E., Raij T., Marinkovic K., Jousmäki V., Hari R. Cognitive response profile of the human fusiform face area as determined by MEG. Cerebral Cortex 2000, 10:69-81.
41. Hazan C., Shaver P. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1987, 52:511-524.
42. Hillyard S.A., Anllo-Vento L. Event-related brain potentials in the study of visual selective attention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998, 95:781-787.
43. Holmes A., Kragh Nielsen M., Green S. Effects of anxiety on the processing of fearful and happy faces: an event-related potential study. Biological Psychology 2008, 77:159-173.
44. Holmes A., Kragh Nielsen M., Tipper S., Green S. An electrophysiological investigation into the automaticity of emotional face processing in high versus low trait anxious individuals. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 2009, 9:323-334.
45. Hopfinger J.B., Mangun G.R. Electrophysiological studies of reflexive attention. Attraction, Distraction, and Action: Multiple Perspectives on Attentional Capture 2001, 3-26. Elsevier, Amsterdam. C. Folk, B. Gibson (Eds.).
46. Horstmann G., Bauland A. Search asymmetries with real faces: testing the anger-superiority effect. Emotion 2006, 6:193-207.
47. Jeffreys D.A. A face-responsive potential recorded from the human scalp. Experimental Brain Research 1989, 78:193-202.
48. Karl A., Malta L.S., Maercker A. Meta-analytic review of event-related potential studies in post-traumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychology 2006, 71:123-147.
49. Krombholz A., Schaefer F., Boucsein W. Modification of N170 by different emotional expression of schematic faces. Biological Psychology 2007, 76:156-162.
50. Lemche E., Giampietro V.P., Surguladze S.A., Amaro E.J., Andrew C.M., Williams S.C.R., Brammer M.J., Lawrence N., Maier M.A., Russell T.A., Simmons A., Ecker C., Joraschky P., Phillips M.L. Human attachment security is mediated by the amygdala: evidence from combined fMRI and psychophysiological measures. Human Brain Mapping 2006, 27:623-635.
51. Li W., Zinbarg R.E., Boehm S.G., Paller K.A. Neural and behavioral evidence for affective priming from unconsciously perceived emotional facial expressions and the influence of trait anxiety. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2008, 20:95-107.
52. Liu J., Harris A., Kanwisher N. Stages of processing in face perception: an MEG study. Nature Neuroscience 2002, 5:910-916.
53. Maier M.A., Bernier A., Pekrun R., Zimmermann P., Strasser K., Grossmann K.E. Attachment state of mind and perceptual processing of emotional stimuli. Attachment & Human Development 2005, 7:67-81.
54. Mikulincer M., Gillath O., Shaver P.R. Activation of the attachment system in adulthood: threat-related primes increase the accessibility of mental representations of attachment figures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 83:881-895.
55. Mikulincer M., Orbach I. Attachment styles and repressive defensiveness: and architecture of affective memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1995, 68:917-925.
56. Mikulincer M., Shaver P.R. The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: activation, psychodynamics and interpersonal processes. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 2003, vol. 35:53-152. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
57. Mikulincer M., Shaver P.R. Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change 2007, Guilford Press, New York.
58. Miller A., Tomarken A.J. Task-dependent changes in frontal brain asymmetry: effects of incentive cues, outcome expectancies and motor responses. Psychophysiology 2001, 38:500-511.
59. Niedenthal P.M., Brauer M., Robin L., Innes-Ker A.H. Adult attachment and the perception of facial expression of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 82:419-433.
60. öhman A. Face the beast and fear the face: animal and social fears as prototypes for evolutionary analyses of emotion. Psychophysiology 1986, 23:123-145.
61. Pizzagalli D., Regard M., Lehmann D. Rapid emotional face processing in the human right and left brain hemispheres: an ERP study. Neuroreport 1999, 10:1-8.
62. Pourtois G., Dan E.S., Grandjean D., Sander D., Vuilleumier P. Enhanced extrastriate visual response to band-pass spatial frequency filtered fearful faces: time course and topographic evoked-potentials mapping. Human Brain Mapping 2005, 26:65-79.
63. Pourtois G., Grandjean D., Sander D., Vuilleumier P. Electrophysiological correlates of rapid spatial orienting towards fearful faces. Cerebral Cortex 2004, 14:619-633.
64. Rellecke J., Palazova M., Sommer W., Schacht A. On the automaticity of emotion processing in words and faces: event-related brain potentials evidence from a superficial task. Brain and Cognition 2011, 77:23-32.
65. Santesso D., Meuret A., Hofmann S., Mueller E., Ratner K., Roesch E., Pizzagalli D. Electrophysiological correlates of spatial orienting towards angry faces: a source localization study. Neuropsychologia 2008, 46:1338-1348.
66. Schore A.N. Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self 1994, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.
67. Shaver P.R., Hazan C. Adult romantic attachment: theory and evidence. Advances in Personal Relationships 1993, vol. 4:29-70. Jessica Kingsley, London.
68. Sonnby-Borgström M., Jonsson P. Dismissing-avoidant pattern of attachment and mimicry reactions at different levels of processing. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2004, 45:103-113.
69. Spangler G., Zimmermann P. Attachment representation and emotion regulation in adolescents: a psychobiological perspective on internal working models. Attachment & Human Development 1999, 1(3):270-290.
70. Sroufe L.A., Egeland B., Carlson E., Collins A. The Development of the Person: The Minnesota Study of Risk and Adaptation from Birth to Adulthood 2005, Guilford Press, New York, NY.
71. Stern D. The Interpersonal World of the Infant 1985, Basic Books, New York, NY.
72. Stolarova M., Keil A., Moratti S. Modulation of the C1 visual event-related component by conditioned stimuli: evidence for sensory plasticity in early affective perception. Cerebral Cortex 2006, 16:876-887.
73. Suslow T., Kugel H., Rauch A.V., Dannlowski U., Bauer J., Konrad C., Arolt V., Heindel W., Ohrmann P. Attachment avoidance modulates neural response to masked facial emotion. Human Brain Mapping 2009, 30:3553-3562.
74. Tottenham N., Borscheid A., Ellertsen K., Marcus D.J., Nelson C.A. categorization of facial expressions in children and adults: establishing a larger stimulus set [abstract]. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2002, 14:S74.
75. Tucker J.S., Anders S.L. Attachment style, interpersonal perception accuracy, and relationship satisfaction in dating couples. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1999, 25:403-412.
76. Van Emmichoven I.A.Z, Van Ijzendoorn M.H., De Ruiter C., Brosschot J.F. Selective processing of threatening information: effects of attachment representation and anxiety disorder on attention and memory. Development and Psychopathology 2003, 15:219-237.
77. Vrticka P., Andersson F., Grandjean D., Sande D., Vuilleumier P. Individual attachment style modulates human amygdala and striatum activation during social appraisal. PLoS One 2008, 3:e2868.
78. Vuilleumier P. How brains beware: neural mechanisms of emotional attention. Trends in Cognitive Neuroscience 2005, 9:585-594.
79. Vuilleumier P., Pourtois G. Distributed and interactive brain mechanisms during emotion face perception: evidence from functional neuroimaging. Neuropsychologia 2007, 45:174-194.
80. Warren S.L., Bost K.K., Roisman G.I., Silton R.L., Spielberg J.M., Engels A.S., Choi E., Sutton B.P., Miller G.A., Heller W. Effects of adult attachment and emotional distractors on brain mechanisms of cognitive control. Psychological Science 2010, 21:1818-1826.
81. Wei M., Heppner P.P., Mallinckrodt B. Preceived coping as a mediator between attachment and psychological distress: a structural equation modelling approach. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2003, 50:438-447.
82. Williams M.A., Moss S.A., Bradshaw J.L., Mattingley J.B. Look at me I'm smiling: visual search for threatening and non-threatening facial expressions. Visual Cognition 2005, 12:29-50.
83. Yang D., Qia S., Dinga C., Songa Y. An ERP study on the time course of facial trustworthiness appraisal. Neuroscience Letters 2011, 496:147-151.
84. Zhang X., Li T., Zhou X. Brain responses to facial expressions by adults with different attachment-orientations. Neuroreport 2008, 19:437-441.
85. Zilber A., Goldstein A., Mikulincer M. Adult attachment orientations and the processing of emotional pictures - ERP correlates. Personality and Individual Differences 2007, 43:1898-1907.