The David and Goliath Principle: Cultural, Ideological, and Attitudinal Underpinnings of the Normative Protection of Low-Status Groups From Criticism

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 38, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 1053-1065

  Jeffries, Carla H ^a   Hornsey, Matthew J ^b   Sutton, Robbie M ^c   Douglas, Karen M ^c   Bain, Paul G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

criticism; culture; power distance; social dominance ideology; stereotypes

Indexed keywords

EID: 84864145391     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: 15527433     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167212444454     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Adorno T.W.,Aron B.R.,Frenkel-Brunswik E.,Levinson D.J.,Levinson M.H.,Morrow W.R.,Sanford R.N.The authoritarian personality. New York, NY: Harper; 1950:.
2. Ariyanto A.,Hornsey M.J.,Gallois C.Group-directed criticism in Indonesia: Role of message source and audience.Asian Journal of Social Psychology. 2006;9:96-102.
3. Ariyanto A.,Hornsey M.J.,Gallois C.United we stand: Intergroup conflict moderates the intergroup sensitivity effect.European Journal of Social Psychology. 2010;40:169-177.
4. Brockner J.,Ackerman G.,Greenberg J.,Gelfand M.J.,Francesco A.M.,Chen Z.X.,Shapiro D.Culture and procedural justice: The influence of power distance on reactions to voice.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2001;37:300-315.
5. Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 1987;18:143-164.
6. Crandall C.S.,Eshleman A.,O'Brien L.Social norms and the expression and suppression of prejudice: The struggle for internalization.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002;82:359-378.
7. Crocker J.,Major B.Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma.Psychological Review. 1989;96:608-630.
8. Crocker J.,Major B.,Steele C.The handbook of social psychology. 1998). Social stigma. In GilbertD. T.FiskeS. T.GardnerL. (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vols. 1 & 2, pp. 504-553). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Gilbert D.T.Fiske S.T.Gardner L., ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1998:504-553.
9. Crocker J.,Voelkl K.,Testa M.,Major B.Social stigma: The affective consequences of attributional ambiguity.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1991;60:218-228.
10. Devine P.G.,Monteith M.J.,Zuwerink J.R.,Elliot A.J.Prejudice with and without compunction.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1991;60:817-830.
11. Dollard J.,Miller N.E.,Doob L.W.,Mowrer O.H.,Sears R.R.Frustration and aggression. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 1939:.
12. Douglas K.M.,Sutton R.M.Constructive or cruel? Positive or patronizing? Reactions to expressions of positive and negative stereotypes of the mentally ill.British Journal of Psychology. 2011;102:97-107.
13. Duckitt J.Political psychology: Cultural and cross-cultural foundations. Renshon S.Duckitt J., ed. New York, NY: New York University Press; 2000:89-107.
14. Dutton D.G.,Lake R.A.Threat of own prejudice and reverse discrimination in interracial situations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1973;28:94-100.
15. Ekehammar B.,Akrami N.,Gylje M.,Zakrisson I.What matters most to prejudice: Big Five personality, social dominance orientation, or right-wing authoritarianism?.European Journal of Personality. 2004;18:463-482.
16. Erez M.,Earley P.C.Comparative analysis of goal-setting strategies across cultures.Journal of Applied Psychology. 1987;72:658-665.
17. Fiske S.T.,Cuddy A.C.,Glick P.,Xu J.A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002;82:878-902.
18. Frieze I.H.,Boneva B.S.The use and abuse of power. Lee-Chai A.Y.Bargh J.A., ed. New York, NY: Psychology Press; 2001:75-92.
19. Gaertner S.L.,Dovidio J.F.Prejudice, discrimination, and racism. Dovidio J.F.Gaertner S.L., ed. Orlando, FL: Academic Press; 1986:61-89.
20. Gardner W.L.,Seeley E.A.The use and abuse of power. Lee-Chai A.Y.Bargh J.A., ed. New York, NY: Psychology Press; 2001:263-280.
21. Gomez A.,Seyle D.C.,Huici C.,Swann W.B.Can self-verification strivings fully transcend the self-other barrier? Seeking verification of ingroup identities.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2009;97:1021-1044.
22. Handgraaf M.J. J.,Van Dijk E.,Vermunt R.,Wilke H.A. M.,De Dreu C.K. W.Less power or powerless? Egocentric empathy gaps and the irony of having little versus no power in social decision making.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2008;95:1136-1149.
23. Harber K.D.Feedback to minorities: Evidence for a positive bias.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1998;74:622-628.
24. Harber K.D.The positive feedback bias as a response to out-group unfriendliness.Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 2004;34:2272-2297.
25. Harber K.D.,Stafford R.,Kennedy K.A.The positive feedback bias as a response to self-image threat.British Journal of Social Psychology. 2010;49:207-218.
26. Hastorf A.H.,Northcraft G.,Piucciotto S.Helping the handicapped: How realistic is the performance feedback received by the physically handicapped?.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1979;5:373-376.
27. Hofstede G.Culture's consequences: International differences in work related values. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE; 1984:.
28. Hofstede G.Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. 2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; 2001:.
29. Hornsey M.J.,De Bruijn P.,Creed J.,Allen J.,Ariyanto A.,Svensson A.Keeping it in-house: How audience affects responses to group criticism.European Journal of Social Psychology. 2005;35:291-312.
30. Hornsey M.J.,Grice T.,Jetten J.,Paulsen N.,Callan V.Group-directed criticisms and recommendations for change: Why newcomers arouse more resistance than old-timers.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2007;33:1036-1048.
31. Hornsey M.J.,Imani A.Criticizing groups from the inside and the outside: An identity perspective on the intergroup sensitivity effect.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2004;30:365-383.
32. Hornsey M.J.,Jeffries C.H.,Esposo S.Feedback: The communication of praise, criticism and advice. Sutton R.M.Hornsey M.J.Douglas K.M., ed. New York, NY: Peter Lang; in press:.
33. Janis I.L.Groupthink: Psychological studies of policy decisions and fiascos. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin; 1982:.
34. Jones E.E.,Farina A.,Hastorf A.H.,Markus H.,Miller D.T.,Scott R.A.Social stigma: The psychology of marked relationships. New York, NY: Freeman; 1984:.
35. Jost J.T.,Burgess D.,Mosso C.O.The psychology of legitimacy: Emerging perspectives on ideology, justice, and intergroup relations. Jost J.T.Major B., ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2001:363-388.
36. Jost J.T.,Hunyady O.Antecedents and consequences of system-justifying ideologies.Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2005;14:260-265.
37. Kay A.C.,Czaplinski Jost J.T.Left-right ideological differences in system justification following exposure to complementary versus noncomplementary stereotype exemplars.European Journal of Social Psychology. 2009;39:290-298.
38. Kay A.C.,Jost J.T.Complementary justice: Effects of "poor but happy" and "poor but honest" stereotype exemplars on system justification and implicit activation of the justice motive.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003;85:823-837.
39. Kay A.C.,Jost J.T.,Young S.Victim derogation and victim enhancement as alternate routes to system justification.Psychological Science. 2005;16:240-246.
40. Lee F.,Tiedens L.Z.Is it lonely at the top?: The independence and interdependence of power holders.Research in Organizational Behavior. 2001;23:43-91.
41. Monin B.,Miller D.T.Moral credentials and the expression of prejudice.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2001;81:33-43.
42. MorrisonE. W.MillikenF. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management Review, 25, 706-725. Retrieved from http://www.aom.pace.edu/amr/.
43. Moscovici S.Social influence and social change. London, England: Academic Press; 1976:.
44. Nemeth C.,Owens P.The handbook of work psychology. West M.A., ed. Chichester, UK: Wiley; 1996:125-141.
45. Packer D.J.On being both with us and against us: A normative conflict model of dissent in social groups.Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2008;12:50-72.
46. Page N.R.,Wiseman R.L.Supervisory behavior and worker satisfaction in the United States, Mexico, and Spain.Journal of Business Communication. 1993;30:161-180.
47. Postmes T.,Spears R.,Cihangir S.Quality of decision making and group norms.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2001;80:918-930.
48. Pratto F.,Sidanius J.,Stallworth L.M.,Malle B.F.Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994;67:741-763.
49. Pratto F.,Stallworth L.M.,Conway-Lanz S.Social dominance orientation and the ideological legitimization of social policy.Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 1998;28:1853-1875.
50. Pratto F.,Tatar D.G.,Conway-Lanz S.Who gets what and why: Determinants of social allocations.Political Psychology. 1999;20:127-150.
51. Preacher K.J.,Hayes A.Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models.Behavior Research Methods. 2008;40:879-891.
52. Schneider M.E.,Major B.,Luhtanen R.,Crocker J.Social stigma and the potential costs of assumptive help.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1996;22:201-209.
53. Spencer-Oatey H.Unequal relationships in high and low power distance societies: A Comparative study of tutor-student role relations in Britain and China.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 1997;28:284-302.
54. Sutton R.M.,Elder T.J.,Douglas K.M.Reactions to internal and external criticism of outgroups: Social convention in the intergroup sensitivity effect.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2006;32:563-575.
55. Swann W.B.Identity negotiation: Where two roads meet.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1987;53:1038-1051.
56. Swann W.B.Handbook of motivation and cognition. Sorrentino R.M.Higgins E.T., ed. New York, NY: Guilford; 1990:408-450.
57. van den Bos K.,Brockner J.,Stein J.H.,Steiner D.D.,Van Yperen N.W.,Dekker D.M.The psychology of voice and performance capabilities in masculine and feminine cultures and contexts.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2010;99:638-648.
58. van Dijk E.,Vermunt R.Strategy and fairness in social decision making: Sometimes it pays to be powerless.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2000;36:1-25.