메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 253-276

The Effect of Sea Lice on Atlantic Salmon and other Salmonid Species

Author keywords

Aquaculture; Caligus; Disease; Lepeophtheirus; Life cycle; Oncorhynchus; Parasite abundance; Parasite intensity; Populations; Prevalence; Salmo salar

Indexed keywords


EID: 84864003162     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444327755.ch10     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (17)

References (147)
  • 1
    • 84885975651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BC Pacific Salmon Forum 2008 Broughton Research Program: An overview of the 2008 research projects
    • Vancouver
    • Ackerman , P.A. (2008) BC Pacific Salmon Forum 2008 Broughton Research Program: An overview of the 2008 research projects , 17 pp. Vancouver.
    • (2008) , pp. 17
    • Ackerman, P.A.1
  • 2
    • 0000675649 scopus 로고
    • Regulation and stability of host - parasite populations interactions
    • Regulatory processes . Journal of Animal Ecology
    • Anderson , R.M. , & May , R.M. (1978) Regulation and stability of host - parasite populations interactions. Regulatory processes . Journal of Animal Ecology 47 , 219 - 247 .
    • (1978) , vol.47 , pp. 219-247
    • Anderson, R.M.1    May, R.M.2
  • 3
    • 0018656345 scopus 로고
    • Population biology of infectious diseases: Part I
    • Nature
    • Anderson , R.M. , & May , R.M. (1979) Population biology of infectious diseases: Part I . Nature 280 , 361 - 367 .
    • (1979) , vol.280 , pp. 361-367
    • Anderson, R.M.1    May, R.M.2
  • 4
    • 0001430464 scopus 로고
    • The population dynamics of microparasites and their invertebrate hosts
    • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
    • Anderson , R.M. , & May , R.M. (1981) The population dynamics of microparasites and their invertebrate hosts . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 29 , 451 - 524 .
    • (1981) , vol.29 , pp. 451-524
    • Anderson, R.M.1    May, R.M.2
  • 5
    • 0020335586 scopus 로고
    • Processes infl uencing the distribution of parasite numbers within host populations with special emphasis on parasite infl uences host mortalities
    • Parasitiology
    • Anderson , R.M. , & Gordon , D.M. (1982) Processes infl uencing the distribution of parasite numbers within host populations with special emphasis on parasite infl uences host mortalities . Parasitiology 85 , 373 - 398 .
    • (1982) , vol.85 , pp. 373-398
    • Anderson, R.M.1    Gordon, D.M.2
  • 6
    • 84857915094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Salmon Connection: The Development of Atlantic Salmon Aquaculture in Canada
    • New Brunswick: Glen Margaret Publishing
    • Anderson , J.M. (2007) The Salmon Connection: The Development of Atlantic Salmon Aquaculture in Canada . New Brunswick: Glen Margaret Publishing .
    • (2007)
    • Anderson, J.M.1
  • 7
    • 84886057211 scopus 로고
    • Report of the Sea Trout Working Group, 1991
    • Anon, Dublin: Department of the Marine
    • Anon. (1992) Report of the Sea Trout Working Group, 1991 . Dublin: Department of the Marine .
    • (1992)
  • 8
    • 84886019844 scopus 로고
    • Report of the Sea Trout Task Force
    • Anon, Dublin: Department of the Marine
    • Anon. (1994a) Report of the Sea Trout Task Force . Dublin: Department of the Marine .
    • (1994)
  • 9
    • 0342297263 scopus 로고
    • Report of the Sea Trout Working Group, 1993
    • Anon, Fisheries Research Centre, Dublin: Department of the Marine
    • Anon. (1994b) Report of the Sea Trout Working Group, 1993 . Fisheries Research Centre, Dublin: Department of the Marine .
    • (1994)
  • 10
    • 84886060457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infestation of sea trout by the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in Ireland during spring 2004
    • Anon, Dublin: Central Fisheries Board
    • Anon. (2004) Infestation of sea trout by the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in Ireland during spring 2004 . Dublin: Central Fisheries Board .
    • (2004)
  • 11
    • 84857677599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Om vern av villaksen og ferdigstilling av nasjonale laksevassdrag og laksefjorder (Protection of wild Atlantic salmon and completion of national salmon fjords)
    • Anon, St.prp.nr.32 (2006 - 2007). Det Kongelige Milj ø verndepartement , Oslo
    • Anon. (2006) Om vern av villaksen og ferdigstilling av nasjonale laksevassdrag og laksefjorder (Protection of wild Atlantic salmon and completion of national salmon fjords) . St.prp.nr.32 (2006 - 2007). 143 pp. Det Kongelige Milj ø verndepartement , Oslo .
    • (2006) , pp. 143
  • 12
    • 84886078884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infestation of salmon & sea trout post - smolts by the sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in Ireland during spring of 2008
    • Anon, Dublin: Central Fisheries Board
    • Anon. (2008) Infestation of salmon & sea trout post - smolts by the sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in Ireland during spring of 2008 . Dublin: Central Fisheries Board .
    • (2008)
  • 13
    • 84886017146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status for norske laksebestander i 2009 og r a˚ d om beskatning (The status of Norwegian salmon stocks in 2009 and catch advice)
    • Anon, Report from the Scientific Advisory Committee for Atlantic Salmon Management in Norway no.1, Trondheim
    • Anon. (2009) Status for norske laksebestander i 2009 og r a˚ d om beskatning (The status of Norwegian salmon stocks in 2009 and catch advice). 226 pp. Report from the Scientific Advisory Committee for Atlantic Salmon Management in Norway no.1, Trondheim.
    • (2009) , pp. 226
  • 14
    • 24944536702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea lice on adult Pacific salmon in the coastal waters of central British Columbia, Canada
    • Fisheries Research
    • Beamish , R.J. , Neville C. - E. , Sweeting , R.M. , et al. (2005) Sea lice on adult Pacific salmon in the coastal waters of central British Columbia, Canada . Fisheries Research 76 , 198 - 208 .
    • (2005) , vol.76 , pp. 198-208
    • Beamish, R.J.1    Neville, C.-E.2    Sweeting, R.M.3
  • 15
    • 33746294629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exceptional marine survival of pink salmon that entered the marine environment in 2003 suggest that farmed Atlantic salmon and Pacific salmon can coexist successfully in a marine ecosystem on the Pacific coast of Canada
    • ICES Journal of Marine Science
    • Beamish , R.J. , Jones , S. , Neville , C. - E. , et al. (2006) Exceptional marine survival of pink salmon that entered the marine environment in 2003 suggest that farmed Atlantic salmon and Pacific salmon can coexist successfully in a marine ecosystem on the Pacific coast of Canada . ICES Journal of Marine Science 63 , 1326 - 1337 .
    • (2006) , vol.63 , pp. 1326-1337
    • Beamish, R.J.1    Jones, S.2    Neville, C.-E.3
  • 16
    • 0030389641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of premature return by sea trout (Salmo trutta) infested with the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kr ø yer): Migration, growth, and mortality
    • Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences
    • Birkeland , K. (1996) Consequences of premature return by sea trout ( Salmo trutta) infested with the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kr ø yer): Migration, growth, and mortality . Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 53 , 2808 - 2813 .
    • (1996) , vol.53 , pp. 2808-2813
    • Birkeland, K.1
  • 17
    • 0030618207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis , infestation as a causal agent of premature return to rivers and estuaries by sea trout, Salmo trutta , juveniles
    • Environmental Biology of Fishes
    • Birkeland , K. , & Jakobsen , P.J. (1997) Salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis , infestation as a causal agent of premature return to rivers and estuaries by sea trout, Salmo trutta , juveniles . Environmental Biology of Fishes 49 , 129 - 137 .
    • (1997) , vol.49 , pp. 129-137
    • Birkeland, K.1    Jakobsen, P.J.2
  • 18
    • 0002331890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiological effects of salmon lice infection on sea trout postsmolts
    • Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research
    • Bjørn , P.A. , & Finstad , B. (1997) The physiological effects of salmon lice infection on sea trout postsmolts . Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research 73 , 60 - 72 .
    • (1997) , vol.73 , pp. 60-72
    • Bjoørn, P.A.1    Finstad, B.2
  • 19
    • 0031791102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on artificially infected postsmolts of sea trout (Salmo trutta)
    • Canadian Journal of Zoology
    • Bj ø rn , P.A. , & Finstad , B. (1998) The development of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on artificially infected postsmolts of sea trout (Salmo trutta) . Canadian Journal of Zoology 76 , 970 - 977 .
    • (1998) , vol.76 , pp. 970-977
    • Bjørn, P.A.1    Finstad, B.2
  • 20
    • 0009439625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salmon lice infection of wild sea trout and Arctic char in marine and freshwaters: the effects of salmon farms
    • Aquaculture Research
    • Bj ø rn , P.A. , Finstad , B. , & Kristoffersen , R. ( 2001) Salmon lice infection of wild sea trout and Arctic char in marine and freshwaters: the effects of salmon farms . Aquaculture Research 32 , 947 - 962 .
    • (2001) , vol.32 , pp. 947-962
    • Bjørn, P.A.1    Finstad, B.2    Kristoffersen, R.3
  • 21
    • 34447531828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in risks and consequences of salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer) infection on sympatric populations of Atlantic salmon, brown trout and Arctic charr within northern fjords
    • ICES Journal of Marine Sciences
    • Bj ørn, P.A. , Finstad , B. , Kristoffersen , R. , et al. ( 2007) Differences in risks and consequences of salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer) infection on sympatric populations of Atlantic salmon, brown trout and Arctic charr within northern fjords . ICES Journal of Marine Sciences 64 , 386 - 393 .
    • (2007) , vol.64 , pp. 386-393
    • Bjørn, P.A.1    Finstad, B.2    Kristoffersen, R.3
  • 22
    • 84886082003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasjonal overv a˚ kning av lakselusinfeksjon p a˚ ville bestander av laks, sj ø ø rret og sj ø r ø ye i forbindelse med nasjonale laksevassdrag og laksefjorder (Norwegian national surveillance of salmon lice epidemics on wild Atlantic salmon, sea trout and Arctic char in connection with Norwegian national salmon rivers and fjords)
    • NINA Rapport 377 , Trondheim
    • Bj ørn, P.A. , Finstad , B. , Nilsen , R. , et al. (2008) Nasjonal overv a˚ kning av lakselusinfeksjon p a˚ ville bestander av laks, sj ø ø rret og sj ø r ø ye i forbindelse med nasjonale laksevassdrag og laksefjorder (Norwegian national surveillance of salmon lice epidemics on wild Atlantic salmon, sea trout and Arctic char in connection with Norwegian national salmon rivers and fjords) . 33 pp. NINA Rapport 377 , Trondheim.
    • (2008) , pp. 33
    • Bjørn, P.A.1    Finstad, B.2    Nilsen, R.3
  • 23
    • 84886082003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasjonal overv a˚ kning av lakselusinfeksjon p a˚ ville bestander av laks, sj ø ø rret og sj ø r ø ye i forbindelse med nasjonale laksevassdrag og laksefjorder (Norwegian national surveillance of salmon lice epidemics on wild Atlantic salmon, sea trout and Arctic char in connection with Norwegian national salmon rivers and fjords)
    • NINA Rapport 447 , Trondheim
    • Bj ørn, P.A. , Finstad , B. , Nilsen , R. , et al. (2009) Nasjonal overv a˚ kning av lakselusinfeksjon p a˚ ville bestander av laks, sj ø ø rret og sj ø r ø ye i forbindelse med nasjonale laksevassdrag og laksefjorder (Norwegian national surveillance of salmon lice epidemics on wild Atlantic salmon, sea trout and Arctic char in connection with Norwegian national salmon rivers and fjords) . 52 pp. NINA Rapport 447 , Trondheim.
    • (2009) , pp. 52
    • Bjørn, P.A.1    Finstad, B.2    Nilsen, R.3
  • 24
    • 33746322290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the biology and genetics of sea lice
    • ICES Journal of Marine Science
    • Boxaspen , K. (2006) A review of the biology and genetics of sea lice . ICES Journal of Marine Science 63 , 1304 - 1316 .
    • (2006) , vol.63 , pp. 1304-1316
    • Boxaspen, K.1
  • 25
    • 84972048114 scopus 로고
    • Infections with parasitic copepods in North Sea marine fishes
    • Journal of Marine Biology Association UK
    • Boxshall , G.A. (1974). Infections with parasitic copepods in North Sea marine fishes . Journal of Marine Biology Association UK 54 , 355 - 372 .
    • (1974) , vol.54 , pp. 355-372
    • Boxshall, G.A.1
  • 26
    • 33749346759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of environmental salinity on sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis settlement success
    • Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
    • Bricknell , I.R. , Dalesman , S.J. , O'Shea , B. , et al. (2006) Effect of environmental salinity on sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis settlement success . Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 71 , 201 - 212 .
    • (2006) , vol.71 , pp. 201-212
    • Bricknell, I.R.1    Dalesman, S.J.2    O'Shea, B.3
  • 27
    • 24044531297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of water temperature, salinity, and currents on the survival and distribution of the infective copepodids stage of the sea lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis) origination on Atlantic salmon farms in the Broughton Archipelago of British Columbia, Canada
    • Reviews in Fisheries Science
    • Brooks , K.M. (2005) The effects of water temperature, salinity, and currents on the survival and distribution of the infective copepodids stage of the sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) origination on Atlantic salmon farms in the Broughton Archipelago of British Columbia, Canada . Reviews in Fisheries Science 13 , 177 - 204 .
    • (2005) , vol.13 , pp. 177-204
    • Brooks, K.M.1
  • 28
    • 42549134403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspectives on pink salmon and sea lice: Scientific evidence fails to support the extinction hypothesis
    • Reviews in Fisheries Science
    • Brooks , K.M. , & Jones , S.R.M. (2008) Perspectives on pink salmon and sea lice: Scientific evidence fails to support the extinction hypothesis . Reviews in Fisheries Science 16 , 403 - 412 .
    • (2008) , vol.16 , pp. 403-412
    • Brooks, K.M.1    Jones, S.R.M.2
  • 29
    • 0003437379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of possible causes of the decline in pre - fishery abundance of North American Atlantic salmon
    • Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences
    • Cairns , D.K. (2001) An evaluation of possible causes of the decline in pre - fishery abundance of North American Atlantic salmon . Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences , 2358 .
    • (2001) , pp. 2358
    • Cairns, D.K.1
  • 30
    • 3142536983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea lice infestation rates on wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L
    • entering the Magaguadavic River New Brunswick Aquaculture Research
    • Carr , J. , & Whoriskey , F. (2004) Sea lice infestation rates on wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) entering the Magaguadavic River, New Brunswick . Aquaculture Research 38 , 723 - 729 .
    • (2004) , vol.38 , pp. 723-729
    • Carr, J.1    Whoriskey, F.2
  • 31
    • 84886558429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of bay area management strategies for the southwestern New Brunswick salmon aquaculture industry
    • Aquaculture collaborative research and development program final project report . Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2722
    • Chang , B.D. , Page , F.H , Loisier , R.J. , et al. (2007) Evaluation of bay area management strategies for the southwestern New Brunswick salmon aquaculture industry. Aquaculture collaborative research and development program final project report . Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 2722 .
    • (2007)
    • Chang, B.D.1    Page F.H2    Loisier, R.J.3
  • 32
    • 15944396910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus , levels on salmon returning to the west coast of Ireland, 2003
    • Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK
    • Copley , L. , Tierney , T.D. , Kane , F. , et al. (2005) Sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus , levels on salmon returning to the west coast of Ireland, 2003 . Journal of the Marine Biological Association, UK 85 , 87 - 92 .
    • (2005) , vol.85 , pp. 87-92
    • Copley, L.1    Tierney, T.D.2    Kane, F.3
  • 33
    • 0003074266 scopus 로고
    • Review of methods to control sea lice (Caligidae: Crustacea) infestations on salmon (Salmo salar) farms
    • In: Pathogens of Wild and Farmed Fish: Sea Lice (eds G.A. Boxhall & D. Defaye) Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood
    • Costello , M.J. (1993) Review of methods to control sea lice (Caligidae: Crustacea) infestations on salmon (Salmo salar) farms . In: Pathogens of Wild and Farmed Fish: Sea Lice (eds G.A. Boxhall & D. Defaye) pp. 219 - 252 . Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood .
    • (1993) , pp. 219-252
    • Costello, M.J.1
  • 34
    • 33748302270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology of sea lice parasitic on farmed and wild fish
    • Trends in Parasitology
    • Costello , M.J. (2006) Ecology of sea lice parasitic on farmed and wild fish . Trends in Parasitology 22 , 475 - 483 .
    • (2006) , vol.22 , pp. 475-483
    • Costello, M.J.1
  • 35
    • 70349624590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How sea lice from salmon farms may cause wild salmonid declines in Europe and North America and be a threat to fishes elsewhere
    • Proceedings of the Royal Society B
    • Costello , M.J. (2009a) How sea lice from salmon farms may cause wild salmonid declines in Europe and North America and be a threat to fishes elsewhere . Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276 , 3385 - 3394 .
    • (2009) , vol.276 , pp. 3385-3394
    • Costello, M.J.1
  • 36
    • 60549110079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global economic cost of sea lice to the salmonid farming industry
    • Journal of Fish Diseases
    • Costello , M.J. (2009b) The global economic cost of sea lice to the salmonid farming industry . Journal of Fish Diseases 32 , 115 - 118 .
    • (2009) , vol.32 , pp. 115-118
    • Costello, M.J.1
  • 37
    • 51749103344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in swimming depths of Atlantic salmon post - smolts relative to light density
    • Journal of Fish Biology
    • Davidsen , J.G. , Plantalech Manel - la , N. , Ø kland , F. , et al. (2008) Changes in swimming depths of Atlantic salmon post - smolts relative to light density . Journal of Fish Biology 73 , 1065 - 1074 .
    • (2008) , vol.73 , pp. 1065-1074
    • Davidsen, J.G.1    Plantalechmanel-la, N.2    Økland, F.3
  • 38
    • 0037038718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss , Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch to experimental infection with sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis
    • Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
    • Fast , M.D. , Ross , N.W. , Mustafa , A. , et al. (2002) Susceptibility of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss , Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch to experimental infection with sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis . Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 52 , 57 - 68 .
    • (2002) , vol.52 , pp. 57-68
    • Fast, M.D.1    Ross, N.W.2    Mustafa, A.3
  • 39
    • 84886545597 scopus 로고
    • Registreringer av lakselus p a˚ laksesmolt fanget i Trondheimsfjorden (Monitoring salmon lice on postsmolt from the Trondheimsfjord)
    • NINA Oppdragsmelding 171 , Trondheim
    • Finstad , B. , Hvidsten , N.A. , & Johnsen , B.O. (1992) Registreringer av lakselus p a˚ laksesmolt fanget i Trondheimsfjorden (Monitoring salmon lice on postsmolt from the Trondheimsfjord) . 11 pp. NINA Oppdragsmelding 171 , Trondheim.
    • (1992) , pp. 11
    • Finstad, B.1    Hvidsten, N.A.2    Johnsen, B.O.3
  • 40
    • 85031469476 scopus 로고
    • Ø kologiske og fysiologiske konsekvenser av lus p a˚ laksefisk i fjordsystem (Ecological and physiologial consequences of salmon lice on salmonids in Norwegian fjord systems)
    • NINA Oppdragsmelding 213 , Trondheim
    • Finstad , B. (1993) Ø kologiske og fysiologiske konsekvenser av lus p a˚ laksefisk i fjordsystem (Ecological and physiologial consequences of salmon lice on salmonids in Norwegian fjord systems) . 18 pp. NINA Oppdragsmelding 213 , Trondheim.
    • (1993) , pp. 18
    • Finstad, B.1
  • 41
    • 84886487107 scopus 로고
    • Registreringer av lakselus p a˚ laks, sj ø ø rret og sj ø r ø ye (Registrations of salmon lice on Atlantic salmon, sea trout and Arctic charr)
    • NINA Oppdragsmelding 287 , Trondheim
    • Finstad , B. , Bj ørn, P.A. , Nilsen , S.T. , & Hvidsten , N.A. (1994) Registreringer av lakselus p a˚ laks, sj ø ø rret og sj ø r ø ye (Registrations of salmon lice on Atlantic salmon, sea trout and Arctic charr) . 35 pp. NINA Oppdragsmelding 287 , Trondheim.
    • (1994) , pp. 35
    • Finstad, B.1    Bjørn, P.A.2    Nilsen, S.T.3    Hvidsten, N.A.4
  • 42
    • 0028050956 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and mean intensity of salmon lice, L
    • salmonis Kr ø yer, infections on wild Atlantic salmon S. salar L. postsmolts . Aquaculture & Fisheries Management
    • Finstad B. , Johnsen B.O. , & Hvidsten , N.A. (1994) Prevalence and mean intensity of salmon lice, L. salmonis Kr ø yer, infections on wild Atlantic salmon S. salar L. postsmolts . Aquaculture & Fisheries Management 25 , 761 - 764 .
    • (1994) , vol.25 , pp. 761-764
    • Finstad, B.1    Johnsen, B.O.2    Hvidsten, N.A.3
  • 43
    • 0028982678 scopus 로고
    • Survival of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kr ø yer) on Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.) in fresh water
    • Aquaculture Research
    • Finstad , B. , Bj ørn, P.A. , & Nilsen , S.T. (1995) Survival of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kr ø yer) on Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.) in fresh water . Aquaculture Research 26 , 791 - 795 .
    • (1995) , vol.26 , pp. 791-795
    • Finstad, B.1    Bjørn, P.A.2    Nilsen, S.T.3
  • 44
    • 0033739205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory and field investigations of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis, Kr ø yer) infestation on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post - smolts
    • Aquaculture Research
    • Finstad , B. , Bj ørn, PA. , Grimnes , A. , et al. (2000) Laboratory and field investigations of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis, Kr ø yer) infestation on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post - smolts . Aquaculture Research 31 , 795 - 803 .
    • (2000) , vol.31 , pp. 795-803
    • Finstad, B.1    Bjørn, P.A.2    Grimnes, A.3
  • 45
    • 0037969743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors infl uencing the yield of smolt releases in Norway
    • Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research
    • Finstad , B. , & Jonsson , N. (2001) Factors infl uencing the yield of smolt releases in Norway . Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research 75 , 37 - 55 .
    • (2001) , vol.75 , pp. 37-55
    • Finstad, B.1    Jonsson, N.2
  • 46
    • 13444261212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration of hatchery - reared Atlantic salmon and wild sea trout post - smolts in a Norwegian fjord system
    • Journal of Fish Biology
    • Finstad , B. , &Ø kland , F. , Thorstad , E.B. , et al. ( 2005) Migration of hatchery - reared Atlantic salmon and wild sea trout post - smolts in a Norwegian fjord system . Journal of Fish Biology 66 , 86 - 96 .
    • (2005) , vol.66 , pp. 86-96
    • Finstad, B.1    Økland, F.2    Thorstad, E.B.3
  • 47
    • 34548610565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salmon lice or suboptimal water quality - Reasons for reduced postsmolt survival?
    • Aquaculture
    • Finstad , B. , Kroglund , F. , Strand , R. , et al. (2007) Salmon lice or suboptimal water quality - Reasons for reduced postsmolt survival? Aquaculture , 273 374 - 383 .
    • (2007) , vol.273 , pp. 374-383
    • Finstad, B.1    Kroglund, F.2    Strand, R.3
  • 48
    • 3142535478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on wild salmonids in Europe and recommendations for effective management of sea lice on marine salmon farms
    • In: Aquaculture and the Protection of Wild Salmon (eds P. Gallaugher & C. Orr) Workshop Proceedings, July 2000, Simon Fraser University , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
    • Gargan , P.G. (2000) The impact of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on wild salmonids in Europe and recommendations for effective management of sea lice on marine salmon farms . In: Aquaculture and the Protection of Wild Salmon (eds P. Gallaugher & C. Orr) pp. 37 - 46 . Workshop Proceedings, July 2000, Simon Fraser University , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada .
    • (2000) , pp. 37-46
    • Gargan, P.G.1
  • 49
    • 17844370030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Relationship Between Sea Lice Infestation, Sea Lice Production and Sea Trout Survival In Ireland, 1992 - 2001
    • In: Salmon on the Edge (ed. D. Mills) Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    • Gargan , P.G. , Tully , O. , & Poole , W.R. (2003) The Relationship Between Sea Lice Infestation, Sea Lice Production and Sea Trout Survival In Ireland, 1992 - 2001 . In: Salmon on the Edge (ed. D. Mills) pp. 119 - 135 . Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd .
    • (2003) , pp. 119-135
    • Gargan, P.G.1    Tully, O.2    Poole, W.R.3
  • 50
    • 84948158426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Review of the Status of Irish Sea trout Stocks
    • In: Sea Trout: Biology, Conservation and Management (eds G.S. Harris & N.J. Milner) Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    • Gargan , P.G. , Poole , W.R. , & Forde , G. (2007) A Review of the Status of Irish Sea trout Stocks . In: Sea Trout: Biology, Conservation and Management (eds G.S. Harris & N.J. Milner) pp. 25 - 44 . Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd .
    • (2007) , pp. 25-44
    • Gargan, P.G.1    Poole, W.R.2    Forde, G.3
  • 51
    • 32644449378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light intensity, salinity, and host velocity infl uence presettlement intensity and distribution on hosts by copepodids of sea lice , Lepeophtheirus salmonis
    • Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences
    • Genna , R.L. , Mordue , W. , Pike , A.W. , et al. (2005) Light intensity, salinity, and host velocity infl uence presettlement intensity and distribution on hosts by copepodids of sea lice , Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 62 , 2675 - 2682 .
    • (2005) , vol.62 , pp. 2675-2682
    • Genna, R.L.1    Mordue, W.2    Pike, A.W.3
  • 52
    • 0030174259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiological effects of salmon lice infection on postsmolt of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
    • Journal of Fish Biology
    • Grimnes , A. , & Jakobsen , P. (1996) The physiological effects of salmon lice infection on postsmolt of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) . Journal of Fish Biology 48 , 1179 - 1194 .
    • (1996) , vol.48 , pp. 1179-1194
    • Grimnes, A.1    Jakobsen, P.2
  • 53
    • 0008039220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ø kologiske og fysiologiske konsekvenser av lus p a˚ laksefisk i fjordsystem (Ecological and physiological consequences of salmon lice on salmonids in Norwegian fjord systems)
    • NINA Oppdragsmelding 381 , Trondheim
    • Grimnes , A. , Finstad , B. , & Bj ørn, P.A. (1996) Ø kologiske og fysiologiske konsekvenser av lus p a˚ laksefisk i fjordsystem (Ecological and physiological consequences of salmon lice on salmonids in Norwegian fjord systems) , 37 pp. NINA Oppdragsmelding 381 , Trondheim.
    • (1996) , pp. 37
    • Grimnes, A.1    Finstad, B.2    Bjørn, P.A.3
  • 54
    • 0004035429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacific salmon life histories , 2nd edn
    • Vancouver: UBC Press
    • Groot , C. , & Margolis , L. (1998) Pacific salmon life histories , 2nd edn. Vancouver: UBC Press . Harvey , B. (2008) Science and sea lice: what do we know? 78 pp. Report prepared for the BC Pacific Salmon Forum . February 22, 2008.
    • (1998)
    • Groot, C.1    Margolis, L.2
  • 55
    • 84867724567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science and sea lice: what do we know?
    • Report prepared for the BC Pacific Salmon Forum . February 22, 2008
    • Harvey , B. (2008) Science and sea lice: what do we know? 78 pp. Report prepared for the BC Pacific Salmon Forum . February 22, 2008.
    • (2008) , pp. 78
    • Harvey, B.1
  • 56
    • 84885993943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable management of interactions between aquaculture and wild salmonid fish
    • Final report for the SUMBAWS EU project, University of St. Andrews , St. Andrews, Scotland
    • Hazon , N. , Todd , C. , Whelan , B. , et al. (2006) Sustainable management of interactions between aquaculture and wild salmonid fish . 293 pp. Final report for the SUMBAWS EU project, University of St. Andrews , St. Andrews, Scotland .
    • (2006) , pp. 293
    • Hazon, N.1    Todd, C.2    Whelan, B.3
  • 57
    • 0028983299 scopus 로고
    • Experimental - evidence for aggregation of salmon louse copepodids ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in step salinity gradients
    • Journal of the Marine Biology Association UK
    • Heuch , P.A. (1995) Experimental - evidence for aggregation of salmon louse copepodids (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in step salinity gradients . Journal of the Marine Biology Association UK 75 , 927 - 939 .
    • (1995) , vol.75 , pp. 927-939
    • Heuch, P.A.1
  • 58
    • 0035918861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of salmon louse production in Norway: Effects of increasing salmon production and public management measures
    • Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
    • Heuch , P.A. , & Mo , T.A. (2001) A model of salmon louse production in Norway: Effects of increasing salmon production and public management measures . Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 45 , 145 - 152 .
    • (2001) , vol.45 , pp. 145-152
    • Heuch, P.A.1    Mo, T.A.2
  • 59
    • 0029478430 scopus 로고
    • Diel vertical migration: a possible host - finding mechanism in salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) copepodids?
    • Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences
    • Heuch , P.A. , Parsons , A. , & Boxaspen , K. (1995) Diel vertical migration: a possible host - finding mechanism in salmon louse ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis) copepodids? Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 52 , 681 - 689 .
    • (1995) , vol.52 , pp. 681-689
    • Heuch, P.A.1    Parsons, A.2    Boxaspen, K.3
  • 60
    • 0142027987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of epidemiological patterns of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infections in Norway and Scotland
    • Journal of Fish Diseases
    • Heuch , P.A. , Revie , C.W. , & Gettinby G. (2003) A comparison of epidemiological patterns of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infections in Norway and Scotland . Journal of Fish Diseases 26 , 539 - 551 .
    • (2003) , vol.26 , pp. 539-551
    • Heuch, P.A.1    Revie, C.W.2    Gettinby, G.3
  • 61
    • 17844403252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the Norwegian ' national action plan against salmon lice on salmonids': the effect on wild salmonids
    • Aquaculture
    • Heuch , P.A. , Bj ørn, P.A. , Finstad , B. , et al. (2005) A review of the Norwegian ' national action plan against salmon lice on salmonids': the effect on wild salmonids . Aquaculture 246 , 79 - 92 .
    • (2005) , vol.246 , pp. 79-92
    • Heuch, P.A.1    Bjørn, P.A.2    Finstad, B.3
  • 62
    • 0242417072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of artificial light treatment and depth on the infection of the sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L
    • culture . Aquaculture
    • Hevr ø y , E.M. , Boxaspen , K. , Oppedal , F. , et al. ( 2003) The effects of artificial light treatment and depth on the infection of the sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) culture . Aquaculture 220 , 1 - 14 .
    • (2003) , vol.220 , pp. 1-14
    • Hevrøy, E.M.1    Boxaspen, K.2    Oppedal, F.3
  • 63
    • 8544226015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality of seaward - migrating post - smolts of Atlantic salmon due to salmon lice infection in Norwegian salmon stocks
    • In: Salmon at the edge (ed. D. Mills) Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    • Holst , J.C. , Jakobsen , P. , Nilsen , F. , et al. (2003) Mortality of seaward - migrating post - smolts of Atlantic salmon due to salmon lice infection in Norwegian salmon stocks . In: Salmon at the edge (ed. D. Mills) pp. 136 - 137 . Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd .
    • (2003) , pp. 136-137
    • Holst, J.C.1    Jakobsen, P.2    Nilsen, F.3
  • 64
    • 0033934031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FISH - LIFT: a device for sampling live fish with trawls
    • Fisheries Research
    • Holst , J.C. , & McDonald , A. (2000) FISH - LIFT: a device for sampling live fish with trawls . Fisheries Research 48 , 87 - 91 .
    • (2000) , vol.48 , pp. 87-91
    • Holst, J.C.1    McDonald, A.2
  • 65
    • 84886035539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea lice as a population regulation factor in Norwegian salmon: Status, effects of measures taken and future management
    • Report to the Norwegian Research Council. Project 149791/S40, The Marine Institute, Bergen
    • Holst , J.C. , et al. (2005) Sea lice as a population regulation factor in Norwegian salmon: Status, effects of measures taken and future management , 46 pp. Report to the Norwegian Research Council. Project 149791/S40, The Marine Institute, Bergen.
    • (2005) , pp. 46
    • Holst, J.C.1
  • 66
    • 0032577510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of pair formation and mating in an ectoparasitic caligid copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer 1837): implications for its sensory and mating biology
    • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
    • Hull , M.Q. , Pike , A.W. , Mordue (Luntz), A.J. , et al. (1998) Patterns of pair formation and mating in an ectoparasitic caligid copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer 1837): implications for its sensory and mating biology . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 353 , 753 - 764 .
    • (1998) , vol.353 , pp. 753-764
    • Hull, M.Q.1    Pike, A.W.2    Mordue, A.J.3
  • 67
    • 36849022156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does increased abundance of sea lice infl uence survival of wild Atlantic salmon post - smolt?
    • Journal of Fish Biology
    • Hvidsten , N.A. , Finstad , B. , Kroglund , F. , et al. (2007) Does increased abundance of sea lice infl uence survival of wild Atlantic salmon post - smolt? Journal of Fish Biology 71 , 1639 - 1648 .
    • (2007) , vol.71 , pp. 1639-1648
    • Hvidsten, N.A.1    Finstad, B.2    Kroglund, F.3
  • 68
    • 85152847466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress in fishes
    • In: The Physiology of Fishes (eds D.E. Evans & J.B. Claiborne) Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Iwama , G.K. , Afonso , L.O.B. , & Vijayan , M.M. (2006) Stress in fishes . In: The Physiology of Fishes (eds D.E. Evans & J.B. Claiborne) pp. 319 - 342 . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press .
    • (2006) , pp. 319-342
    • Iwama, G.K.1    Afonso, L.O.B.2    Vijayan, M.M.3
  • 69
    • 84885974585 scopus 로고
    • Unders ø kelser av lakselus - infeksjoner p a˚ sj ø aure og laksesmolt i 1992 (Investigations of salmon lice infections on sea trout and salmon smolts in 1992) 38 pp
    • Rapport fra Zoologisk museum, september. ø kologisk avdeling, Universitetet i Bergen , Bergen
    • Jakobsen , P.J. , Birkeland , K. , Grimnes , A. , Nylund , A. , & Urdal , K. (1992) Unders ø kelser av lakselus - infeksjoner p a˚ sj ø aure og laksesmolt i 1992 (Investigations of salmon lice infections on sea trout and salmon smolts in 1992) 38 pp. Rapport fra Zoologisk museum, september. ø kologisk avdeling, Universitetet i Bergen , Bergen .
    • (1992)
    • Jakobsen, P.J.1    Birkeland, K.2    Grimnes, A.3    Nylund, A.4    Urdal, K.5
  • 70
    • 0031394764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open - ocean infestation by salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis): comparison of wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
    • ICES Journal of Marine Science
    • Jacobsen , J. , & Gaard , E. (1997) Open - ocean infestation by salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis): comparison of wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) . ICES Journal of Marine Science 54 , 1113 - 1119 .
    • (1997) , vol.54 , pp. 1113-1119
    • Jacobsen, J.1    Gaard, E.2
  • 71
    • 0027097403 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and structure of the population of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kr ø yer, on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L
    • under typical rearing conditions . Aquaculture & Fisheries Management
    • Jaworski , A. , & Holm , J.C. (1992) Distribution and structure of the population of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kr ø yer, on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., under typical rearing conditions . Aquaculture & Fisheries Management 23 , 577 - 589 .
    • (1992) , vol.23 , pp. 577-589
    • Jaworski, A.1    Holm, J.C.2
  • 72
    • 0027087666 scopus 로고
    • Infection of Atlantic salmon, Salmon salar L
    • by Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg 1957, in the river Lakselva, MisvÆr in northern Norway . Journal of Fish Biology
    • Johnsen , B.O. , & Jensen , A.J. (1992) Infection of Atlantic salmon, Salmon salar L., by Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg 1957, in the river Lakselva, MisvÆr in northern Norway . Journal of Fish Biology 40 , 433 - 444 .
    • (1992) , vol.40 , pp. 433-444
    • Johnsen, B.O.1    Jensen, A.J.2
  • 73
    • 0000217281 scopus 로고
    • The developmental stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer, 1837) (Copepoda: Caligidae)
    • Canadian Journal of Zoology
    • Johnson , S.C. , & Albright , L.J. (1991) The developmental stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer, 1837) (Copepoda: Caligidae) . Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 , 929 - 950 .
    • (1991) , vol.69 , pp. 929-950
    • Johnson, S.C.1    Albright, L.J.2
  • 74
    • 0000833796 scopus 로고
    • Comparative susceptibility and histopathology of the response of naive Atlantic, chinook and coho salmon to experimental infection with Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae)
    • Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
    • Johnson , S.C. , & Albright , L.J. (1992) Comparative susceptibility and histopathology of the response of naive Atlantic, chinook and coho salmon to experimental infection with Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) . Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 14 , 179 - 193 .
    • (1992) , vol.14 , pp. 179-193
    • Johnson, S.C.1    Albright, L.J.2
  • 75
    • 0030409523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diseases induced by the sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) (Copepoda: Caligidae) in wild sockey salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks of Alberni Inlet, British Columbia
    • Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences
    • Johnson , S.C. , Blaylock , R.B. , Elphick , J. , et al. (1996) Diseases induced by the sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) (Copepoda: Caligidae) in wild sockey salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks of Alberni Inlet, British Columbia . Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 53 , 2888 - 2897 .
    • (1996) , vol.53 , pp. 2888-2897
    • Johnson, S.C.1    Blaylock, R.B.2    Elphick, J.3
  • 76
    • 33746812271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental infections with Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer) on threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L
    • and juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp . Journal of Fish Diseases
    • Jones , S. , Kim , E. , & Dawe , S. (2006) Experimental infections with Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer) on threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., and juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp . Journal of Fish Diseases 29 , 489 - 495 .
    • (2006) , vol.29 , pp. 489-495
    • Jones, S.1    Kim, E.2    Dawe, S.3
  • 77
    • 46749157561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early development of resistance to the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer), in juvenile pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbum)
    • Journal of Fish Diseases
    • Jones , S. , Kim , E. , & Bennett , W. (2008) Early development of resistance to the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer), in juvenile pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbum) . Journal of Fish Diseases 31 , 591 - 600 .
    • (2008) , vol.31 , pp. 591-600
    • Jones, S.1    Kim, E.2    Bennett, W.3
  • 78
    • 84953613561 scopus 로고
    • Life history patterns of freshwater resident and sea - run migrant brown trout in Norway
    • Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
    • Jonsson , B. (1985) Life history patterns of freshwater resident and sea - run migrant brown trout in Norway . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 114 , 182 - 194 .
    • (1985) , vol.114 , pp. 182-194
    • Jonsson, B.1
  • 79
    • 0003415482 scopus 로고
    • Parasitic copepoda of British Fishes
    • London: Ray Society
    • Kabata , Z. (1979) Parasitic copepoda of British Fishes . London: Ray Society .
    • (1979)
    • Kabata, Z.1
  • 80
    • 0001219726 scopus 로고
    • Diseases caused by metozoans
    • Crustaceans . In: Diseases of Marine Animals (ed. O. Kinne) Hamburg: Biologische Anstalt Helgoland
    • Kabata , Z. (1984) Diseases caused by metozoans. Crustaceans . In: Diseases of Marine Animals (ed. O. Kinne) pp. 321 - 399 . Hamburg: Biologische Anstalt Helgoland .
    • (1984) , pp. 321-399
    • Kabata, Z.1
  • 81
    • 0034766272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding of anadromous brown trout at sea
    • Journal of Fish Biology
    • Knutsen , J.A. , Knutsen , H. , Gj ø sÆter , J. , et al. ( 2001) Feeding of anadromous brown trout at sea . Journal of Fish Biology 59 , 533 - 543 .
    • (2001) , vol.59 , pp. 533-543
    • Knutsen, J.A.1    Knutsen, H.2    GjøsÆter, J.3
  • 82
    • 18744377949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission dynamics of parasitic sea lice from farm to wild salmon
    • Proceedings of the Royal Society B
    • Krkošek , M. , Lewis , M.A. , & Volpe , J.P. (2005) Transmission dynamics of parasitic sea lice from farm to wild salmon . Proceedings of the Royal Society B 272 , 689 - 696 .
    • (2005) , vol.272 , pp. 689-696
    • Krkošek, M.1    Lewis, M.A.2    Volpe, J.P.3
  • 83
    • 33750300728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epizootics of wild fish induced by farm fish
    • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
    • Krkošek , M. , Lewis , M.A. , Morton , A. , et al. (2006a) Epizootics of wild fish induced by farm fish . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 103 , 15506 - 15510 .
    • (2006) , vol.103 , pp. 15506-15510
    • Krkošek, M.1    Lewis, M.A.2    Morton, A.3
  • 84
    • 30344436334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish farms and sea lice infestations of wild juvenile salmon in the Broughton Archipelago: a rebuttal to Brooks (2005)
    • Reviews in Fisheries Science
    • Krkošek , M. , Lewis , M.A. , Volpe , J.P. , et al. (2006b) Fish farms and sea lice infestations of wild juvenile salmon in the Broughton Archipelago: a rebuttal to Brooks (2005) . Reviews in Fisheries Science 14 , 1 - 11 .
    • (2006) , vol.14 , pp. 1-11
    • Krkošek, M.1    Lewis, M.A.2    Volpe, J.P.3
  • 85
    • 37249056994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining wild salmon populations in relation to parasites from farm salmon
    • Science
    • Krkošek , M. , Ford , J.S. , Morton , A. , et al. (2007a) Declining wild salmon populations in relation to parasites from farm salmon . Science 318 , 1772 - 1775 .
    • (2007) , vol.318 , pp. 1772-1775
    • Krkošek, M.1    Ford, J.S.2    Morton, A.3
  • 86
    • 36849038554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of host migration, diversity and aquaculture on sea lice threats to Pacific salmon populations
    • Proceedings of the Royal Society B
    • Krkošek , M. , Gottesfeld , A. , Proctor , B. , et al. (2007b) Effects of host migration, diversity and aquaculture on sea lice threats to Pacific salmon populations . Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274 , 3141 - 3149 .
    • (2007) , vol.274 , pp. 3141-3149
    • Krkošek, M.1    Gottesfeld, A.2    Proctor, B.3
  • 87
    • 42549105892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea lice and pink salmon declines: a response to Brooks and Jones 2008
    • Reviews in Fisheries Science
    • Krkošek , M. , Ford , J.S. , Morton , A. , et al. (2008) Sea lice and pink salmon declines: a response to Brooks and Jones 2008 . Reviews in Fisheries Science 16 , 413 - 420 .
    • (2008) , vol.16 , pp. 413-420
    • Krkošek, M.1    Ford, J.S.2    Morton, A.3
  • 88
    • 27144550400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) postsmolts of different origins in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine, and evaluation of factors affecting migration, growth and survival
    • Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences
    • Lacroix , G.L , & Knox , D. (2005) Distribution of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) postsmolts of different origins in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine, and evaluation of factors affecting migration, growth and survival . Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 62 , 1363 - 1376 .
    • (2005) , vol.62 , pp. 1363-1376
    • Lacroix G.L1    Knox, D.2
  • 89
    • 41049100296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in epidemiological patterns of sea lice infestation on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) in Scotland between 1996 and 2006
    • Journal of Fish Diseases
    • Lees , F. , Gettinby , G. , & Revie , C.W. (2008a) Changes in epidemiological patterns of sea lice infestation on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) in Scotland between 1996 and 2006 . Journal of Fish Diseases 31 , 251 - 262
    • (2008) , vol.31 , pp. 251-262
    • Lees, F.1    Gettinby, G.2    Revie, C.W.3
  • 90
    • 45249085284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate against infestations of Lepeophtheirus salmonis on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) in Scotland between 2002 and 2006
    • PLoS One , e1549.F
    • Lees , F. , Baillie , M. , Gettinby , G. , et al. (2008b) The efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate against infestations of Lepeophtheirus salmonis on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) in Scotland between 2002 and 2006 . PLoS One , 3 (2), e1549.F
    • (2008) , vol.3 , Issue.2
    • Lees, F.1    Baillie, M.2    Gettinby, G.3
  • 91
    • 55849131486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with changing efficacy of emamectin benzoate against infestations of Lepeophtheirus salmonis on Scottish salmon farms
    • Journal of Fish Diseases
    • Lees , F. , Baillie , M. , Gettinby , G. , et al. (2008c) Factors associated with changing efficacy of emamectin benzoate against infestations of Lepeophtheirus salmonis on Scottish salmon farms . Journal of Fish Diseases 31 , 947 - 951 .
    • (2008) , vol.31 , pp. 947-951
    • Lees, F.1    Baillie, M.2    Gettinby, G.3
  • 92
    • 0002845725 scopus 로고
    • A review of methods for estimating mortality due to parasites in wild fish populations
    • Helgolander Meeresuntersuchen
    • Lester , R.J.G. (1984) A review of methods for estimating mortality due to parasites in wild fish populations . Helgolander Meeresuntersuchen 37 , 53 - 64 .
    • (1984) , vol.37 , pp. 53-64
    • Lester, R.J.G.1
  • 93
    • 0032052079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) on wild sea trout (Salmo trutta L
    • in Scotland . ICES Journal of Marine Science
    • MacKenzie , K. , Longshaw , M. , Begg , G.S. , et al. (1998) Sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) on wild sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Scotland . ICES Journal of Marine Science 55 , 151 - 162 .
    • (1998) , vol.55 , pp. 151-162
    • MacKenzie, K.1    Longshaw, M.2    Begg, G.S.3
  • 94
    • 0000826272 scopus 로고
    • Host response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to infection by sea lice (Caligus elongatus)
    • Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences
    • MacKinnon , B.M. (1993) Host response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar ) to infection by sea lice (Caligus elongatus) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 50 , 789 - 792 .
    • (1993) , vol.50 , pp. 789-792
    • MacKinnon, B.M.1
  • 95
    • 84985867337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of sea lice infections in salmonid aquaculture: alternatives to drugs
    • In: Aquaculture Association of Canada Special Publication Ottawa: Aquaculture Association of Canada
    • MacKinnon , B. (1997) Control of sea lice infections in salmonid aquaculture: alternatives to drugs . In: Aquaculture Association of Canada Special Publication 2 , 61 - 64 . Ottawa: Aquaculture Association of Canada .
    • (1997) , vol.2 , pp. 61-64
    • MacKinnon, B.1
  • 96
    • 0141537222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of sea lice infestations on wild sea trout compared to farmed salmon
    • Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists
    • Marshall , S. (2003) The incidence of sea lice infestations on wild sea trout compared to farmed salmon . Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 23 , 72 - 79 .
    • (2003) , vol.23 , pp. 72-79
    • Marshall, S.1
  • 97
    • 3142539085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time series models of sea lice Caligus elongatus (Nordmann) abundance on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L
    • in Loch Sunart, Scotland . Aquaculture Research
    • McKenzie , E. , Gettinby , G. , McCart , K. , et al. (2004) Time series models of sea lice Caligus elongatus (Nordmann) abundance on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in Loch Sunart, Scotland . Aquaculture Research 35 , 764 - 772 .
    • (2004) , vol.35 , pp. 764-772
    • McKenzie, E.1    Gettinby, G.2    McCart, K.3
  • 98
    • 0025673439 scopus 로고
    • Residence time of sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis K
    • on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., after immersion in fresh water . Journal of Fish Biology
    • McLean , P.H. , Smith , G.W. , & Wilson , M.J. (1990) Residence time of sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis K., on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., after immersion in fresh water . Journal of Fish Biology 37 , 311 - 314 .
    • (1990) , vol.37 , pp. 311-314
    • McLean, P.H.1    Smith, G.W.2    Wilson, M.J.3
  • 99
    • 0012228150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking Atlantic salmon post - smolts in the sea
    • In: The Ocean Life Of Atlantic Salmon - environmental and biological factors infl uencing survival (ed. D. Mills) Oxford: Fishing News Books
    • Moore , A. , Lacroix , G.L. , & Sturlaugsson , J. (2000) Tracking Atlantic salmon post - smolts in the sea . In: The Ocean Life Of Atlantic Salmon - environmental and biological factors infl uencing survival (ed. D. Mills) pp. 49 - 64 . Oxford: Fishing News Books .
    • (2000) , pp. 49-64
    • Moore, A.1    Lacroix, G.L.2    Sturlaugsson, J.3
  • 100
    • 2942534791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infection rates on juvenile pink ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon in the nearshore marine environment of British Columbia, Canada
    • Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences
    • Morton , A. , Routledge , R. , Peet , C. , et al. (2004) Sea lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infection rates on juvenile pink ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon in the nearshore marine environment of British Columbia, Canada . Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 61 , 147 - 157 .
    • (2004) , vol.61 , pp. 147-157
    • Morton, A.1    Routledge, R.2    Peet, C.3
  • 101
    • 30344447743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality rates for juvenile pink Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and chum O
    • keta salmon infested with sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis in the Broughton Archipelago . Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin
    • Morton , A. , & Routledge , R. (2005) Mortality rates for juvenile pink Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and chum O. keta salmon infested with sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis in the Broughton Archipelago . Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin 11 , 146 - 152 .
    • (2005) , vol.11 , pp. 146-152
    • Morton, A.1    Routledge, R.2
  • 102
    • 43449123328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea louse infestation in wild juvenile salmon and Pacific herring associated with fish farms off the east - central coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia
    • North American Journal of Fisheries Management
    • Morton , A. , Routledge , R. , & Krkošek , M. (2008) Sea louse infestation in wild juvenile salmon and Pacific herring associated with fish farms off the east - central coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia . North American Journal of Fisheries Management 2 , 523 - 532 .
    • (2008) , vol.2 , pp. 523-532
    • Morton, A.1    Routledge, R.2    Krkošek, M.3
  • 103
    • 84886083566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P a˚ visning av emamektin - resistente lakselus i Noreg (Detection of ememectin - resistent salmon lice in Norway)
    • Norsk fiskeoppdrett
    • Nilsen , F. , Sevatdal , S. , & Horsberg , T.E. (2008) P a˚ visning av emamektin - resistente lakselus i Noreg (Detection of ememectin - resistent salmon lice in Norway) . Norsk fiskeoppdrett 6 , 58 - 60 .
    • (2008) , vol.6 , pp. 58-60
    • Nilsen, F.1    Sevatdal, S.2    Horsberg, T.E.3
  • 104
    • 0033507374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection with low numbers of the sea louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis induces stress - related effects in postsmolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
    • Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences
    • Nolan , D.T , Reilly , P. , & Wendelaar Bonga , S.E. (1999) Infection with low numbers of the sea louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis induces stress - related effects in postsmolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 56 , 947 - 959 .
    • (1999) , vol.56 , pp. 947-959
    • Nolan D.T1    Reilly, P.2    Wendelaar Bonga, S.E.3
  • 105
    • 0033747358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer) affect the skin and gills of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and the host response to a handling procedure
    • Aquaculture Research 31 , 823 - 835 .
    • Nolan , D.T. , Ruane , N.M. , van der Heijden , Y. , et al. (2000) Juvenile Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer) affect the skin and gills of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and the host response to a handling procedure . Aquaculture Research 31 , 823 - 835 .
    • (2000)
    • Nolan, D.T.1    Ruane, N.M.2    van der Heijden, Y.3
  • 106
    • 0034354183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size as indicator of origin of salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae)
    • Contributions to Zoology
    • Nordhagen , J. , Heuch , P.A. , & Schram , T. (2000) Size as indicator of origin of salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) . Contributions to Zoology 69 , 99 - 108 . Orr , C. (2007) Estimated sea louse egg production from Marine Harvest Canada farmed Atlantic salmon in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, 2003 - 2004 . North American Journal of Fisheries Management 27 , 187 - 197 .
    • (2000) , vol.69 , pp. 99-108
    • Nordhagen, J.1    Heuch, P.A.2    Schram, T.3
  • 107
    • 34147123710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimated sea louse egg production from Marine Harvest Canada farmed Atlantic salmon in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, 2003 - 2004
    • North American Journal of Fisheries Management
    • Orr , C. (2007) Estimated sea louse egg production from Marine Harvest Canada farmed Atlantic salmon in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, 2003 - 2004 . North American Journal of Fisheries Management 27 , 187 - 197 .
    • (2007) , vol.27 , pp. 187-197
    • Orr, C.1
  • 108
    • 0001624457 scopus 로고
    • Sea trout in the North Argyll sea lochs, population, distribution and movements
    • Journal of Fish Biology
    • Pemberton , R. (1976) Sea trout in the North Argyll sea lochs, population, distribution and movements . Journal of Fish Biology 9 , 157 - 179 .
    • (1976) , vol.9 , pp. 157-179
    • Pemberton, R.1
  • 109
    • 0032877237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea lice on salmonids: their biology and control
    • Advances in Parasitology
    • Pike , A.W. , & Wadsworth , S.L. (1999) Sea lice on salmonids: their biology and control . Advances in Parasitology 44 , 234 - 337 .
    • (1999) , vol.44 , pp. 234-337
    • Pike, A.W.1    Wadsworth, S.L.2
  • 110
    • 62249162932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical movements of Atlantic salmon post - smolts relative to measures of salinity and water temperature during the first phase of the marine migration
    • Fisheries Management & Ecology
    • Plantalech Manel - la , N. , Thorstad , E.B. , Davidsen , J.G. , et al. (2009) Vertical movements of Atlantic salmon post - smolts relative to measures of salinity and water temperature during the first phase of the marine migration. Fisheries Management & Ecology 16 , 147 - 154 .
    • (2009) , vol.16 , pp. 147-154
    • Plantalechmanel-la, N.1    Thorstad, E.B.2    Davidsen, J.G.3
  • 111
    • 0030067130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The performance of sea trout, Salmo trutta l., stocks from the Burrishoole system western Ireland, 1970 - 1994
    • Fisheries Management and Ecology
    • Poole , W.R. , Whelan , K.F. , Dillane , M.G. , et al. (1996) The performance of sea trout, Salmo trutta l., stocks from the Burrishoole system western Ireland, 1970 - 1994 . Fisheries Management & Ecology 3 , 73 - 92 .
    • (1996) , vol.3 , pp. 73-92
    • Poole, W.R.1    Whelan, K.F.2    Dillane, M.G.3
  • 112
    • 0036269117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea louse control in Scotland, past and present
    • Pest Management Science
    • Rae , G.H. (2002) Sea louse control in Scotland, past and present . Pest Management Science 58 , 515 - 520 .
    • (2002) , vol.58 , pp. 515-520
    • Rae, G.H.1
  • 113
    • 0037153947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea lice infestation on Atlantic salmon and the use of ectoparasitic treatments on commercial farms in Scotland
    • The Veterinary Record , December
    • Revie , C.W. , Gettinby , G. , Treasurer , J.W. , et al. (2002a) Sea lice infestation on Atlantic salmon and the use of ectoparasitic treatments on commercial farms in Scotland . The Veterinary Record , December 21/28: 753 - 757 .
    • (2002) , vol.21-28 , pp. 753-757
    • Revie, C.W.1    Gettinby, G.2    Treasurer, J.W.3
  • 114
    • 0036337784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of the sea lice, Caligus elongatus Nordmann, in marine aquaculture of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L, in Scotland
    • Journal of Fish Diseases
    • Revie , C.W. , Gettinby , G. , Treasurer , J.W. , et al. (2002b) The epidemiology of the sea lice, Caligus elongatus Nordmann, in marine aquaculture of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Scotland . Journal of Fish Diseases 25 , 391 - 399 .
    • (2002) , vol.25 , pp. 391-399
    • Revie, C.W.1    Gettinby, G.2    Treasurer, J.W.3
  • 115
    • 1442332794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying epidemiological factors affecting sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) abundance on Scottish salmon farms using general linear models
    • Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
    • Revie , C.W. , Gettinby , G. , Treasurer , J.W. , et al. (2003) Identifying epidemiological factors affecting sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) abundance on Scottish salmon farms using general linear models . Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 57 , 85 - 95 .
    • (2003) , vol.57 , pp. 85-95
    • Revie, C.W.1    Gettinby, G.2    Treasurer, J.W.3
  • 116
    • 15944391013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the effect of clustering when monitoring the abundance of sea lice populations on farmed Atlantic salmon
    • Journal of Fish Biology
    • Revie , C.W. , Gettinby , G. , Treasurer , J.W. , et al. (2005a) Evaluating the effect of clustering when monitoring the abundance of sea lice populations on farmed Atlantic salmon . Journal of Fish Biology 66 , 773 - 783 .
    • (2005) , vol.66 , pp. 773-783
    • Revie, C.W.1    Gettinby, G.2    Treasurer, J.W.3
  • 117
    • 33744996936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mathematical model of the growth of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis , populations on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. in Scotland and its use in the assessment of treatment strategies
    • Journal of Fish Diseases 28 , 603 - 613 .
    • Revie , C.W. , Robbins , C. , Gettinby , G. , et al. (2005b) A mathematical model of the growth of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis , populations on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Scotland and its use in the assessment of treatment strategies . Journal of Fish Diseases 28 , 603 - 613 .
    • (2005)
    • Revie, C.W.1    Robbins, C.2    Gettinby, G.3
  • 118
    • 34347265170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clustering of parasites within cages on Scottish and Norwegian salmon farms: alternative sampling strategies illustrated using simulation
    • Preventive Veterinary Medicine
    • Revie , C.W. , Hollinger , E. , Gettinby , G. , et al. (2007) Clustering of parasites within cages on Scottish and Norwegian salmon farms: alternative sampling strategies illustrated using simulation . Preventive Veterinary Medicine 81 , 135 - 147 .
    • (2007) , vol.81 , pp. 135-147
    • Revie, C.W.1    Hollinger, E.2    Gettinby, G.3
  • 119
    • 84885981451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea Lice Working Group Report
    • NINA Special Report 39 , Trondheim
    • Revie , C. , Dill , L. , Finstad , B. , et al. (2009) Sea Lice Working Group Report . 117 pp. NINA Special Report 39 , Trondheim.
    • (2009) , pp. 117
    • Revie, C.1    Dill, L.2    Finstad, B.3
  • 120
    • 3042594072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical differences in early marine feeding of Atlantic salmon post - smolts in Norwegian fjords
    • Journal of Fish Biology
    • Rikardsen , A.H. , Haugland , M. , Bj ørn, P.A. , et al. (2004) Geographical differences in early marine feeding of Atlantic salmon post - smolts in Norwegian fjords . Journal of Fish Biology 64 , 1655 - 1679 .
    • (2004) , vol.64 , pp. 1655-1679
    • Rikardsen, A.H.1    Haugland, M.2    Bjørn, P.A.3
  • 121
    • 4243452677 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the reproductive biology of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer 1838) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
    • Ph.D. thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen.
    • Ritchie , G. (1993) Studies on the reproductive biology of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer 1838) on Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar). Ph.D. thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen.
    • (1993)
    • Ritchie, G.1
  • 122
    • 0030249491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of mating and reproductive behaviour of Lepeophtheirus salmonis , Kr ø yer (Copepoda: Caligidae)
    • Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology
    • Ritchie , G. , Mordue (Luntz), A.J. , Pike , A.W. , et al. (1996) Observations of mating and reproductive behaviour of Lepeophtheirus salmonis , Kr ø yer (Copepoda: Caligidae) . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology 201 , 285 - 298 .
    • (1996) , vol.201 , pp. 285-298
    • Ritchie, G.1    Mordue, A.J.2    Pike, A.W.3
  • 123
    • 77955089351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing topical treatment interventions on Scottish salmon farms using a sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) population model
    • Aquaculture (article in press) doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.05.006
    • Robbins , C. , Gettinby , G. , Lees , F. , et al. (2010) Assessing topical treatment interventions on Scottish salmon farms using a sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) population model . Aquaculture (article in press) doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.05.006
    • (2010)
    • Robbins, C.1    Gettinby, G.2    Lees, F.3
  • 124
    • 0003006119 scopus 로고
    • Supplementary descriptions of the developmental stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer, 1837) (Copepoda: Caligidae)
    • In: Pathogens of Wild and Farmed Fish: Sea Lice (eds G.A. Boxhall & D. Defaye) Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood
    • Schram , T.A. (1993) Supplementary descriptions of the developmental stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer, 1837) (Copepoda: Caligidae) . In: Pathogens of Wild and Farmed Fish: Sea Lice (eds G.A. Boxhall & D. Defaye) pp. 30 - 47 . Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood .
    • (1993) , pp. 30-47
    • Schram, T.A.1
  • 125
    • 33746320696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and growth of sea - ranched Atlantic salmon treated against sea lice prior to release
    • ICES Journal of Marine Science
    • Skilbrei , O.T. , & Wennevik , V. (2006) Survival and growth of sea - ranched Atlantic salmon treated against sea lice prior to release . ICES Journal of Marine Science 63 , 1317 - 1325 .
    • (2006) , vol.63 , pp. 1317-1325
    • Skilbrei, O.T.1    Wennevik, V.2
  • 126
    • 33947671281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fjord migration and survival of wild and hatchery - reared Atlantic salmon and wild brown trout post - smolts
    • Hydrobiologia
    • Thorstad , E.B. , ø kland , F. , Finstad , B. , et al. (2007) Fjord migration and survival of wild and hatchery - reared Atlantic salmon and wild brown trout post - smolts . Hydrobiologia 582 , 99 - 107 . Threlfall , W. (1968) A mass die - off of the three - spined sticklebacks (Gasterousteus aculeatus L.) caused by parasites . Canadian Journal of Zoology 46 , 105 - 106 .
    • (2007) , vol.582 , pp. 99-107
    • Thorstad, E.B.1    ø kland, F.2    Finstad, B.3
  • 127
    • 0014235471 scopus 로고
    • A mass die - off of the three - spined sticklebacks (Gasterousteus aculeatus L.) caused by parasites
    • Canadian Journal of Zoology
    • Threlfall , W. (1968) A mass die - off of the three - spined sticklebacks (Gasterousteus aculeatus L.) caused by parasites . Canadian Journal of Zoology 46 , 105 - 106 .
    • (1968) , vol.46 , pp. 105-106
    • Threlfall, W.1
  • 128
    • 0031401734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The occurrence of lice on sea trout (Salmo trutta L.)
    • captured in the sea off the East Anglian coast of England . ICES Journal of Marine Science
    • Tingley , G.A. , Ives , M.J. , & Russell , I.C. (1997) The occurrence of lice on sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) captured in the sea off the East Anglian coast of England . ICES Journal of Marine Science 54 , 1120 - 1128 .
    • (1997) , vol.54 , pp. 1120-1128
    • Tingley, G.A.1    Ives, M.J.2    Russell, I.C.3
  • 129
    • 0033821837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infestations of wild adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) by the ectoparasitic copepod sea louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kr ø yer: prevalence, intensity and the spatial distribution of males and females on the host fish
    • Hydrobiologia
    • Todd , C.D. , Walker , A.M. , Hoyle , J.E. , et al. (2000) Infestations of wild adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) by the ectoparasitic copepod sea louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kr ø yer: prevalence, intensity and the spatial distribution of males and females on the host fish . Hydrobiologia 429 , 181 - 196 .
    • (2000) , vol.429 , pp. 181-196
    • Todd, C.D.1    Walker, A.M.2    Hoyle, J.E.3
  • 130
    • 29244444548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyandry in an ectoparasitic copepod (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kr ø yer) despite complex precopulatory and postcopulatory mate guarding
    • Marine Ecology Progress Series
    • Todd , C.D. , Stephenson , R.J. , Reinardy , H. , et al. (2005) Polyandry in an ectoparasitic copepod (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kr ø yer) despite complex precopulatory and postcopulatory mate guarding . Marine Ecology Progress Series 303 , 225 - 234 .
    • (2005) , vol.303 , pp. 225-234
    • Todd, C.D.1    Stephenson, R.J.2    Reinardy, H.3
  • 131
    • 33846509847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectoparasitic sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus) infestations of wild, adult, one sea - winter Atlantic salmon Salmo salar returning to Scotland
    • Marine Ecology Progress Series 3
    • Todd , C.D. , Whyte , B.D.M. , MacLean , J.C. , et al. (2006) Ectoparasitic sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus) infestations of wild, adult, one sea - winter Atlantic salmon Salmo salar returning to Scotland . Marine Ecology Progress Series 328 , 183 - 193 .
    • (2006) , vol.28 , pp. 183-193
    • Todd, C.D.1    Whyte, B.D.M.2    MacLean, J.C.3
  • 132
    • 0032789787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasites can regulate wildlife populations
    • Parasitiology Today
    • Tompkins , D.M. , & Begon , M. (1999) Parasites can regulate wildlife populations . Parasitiology Today 15 , 311 - 313 .
    • (1999) , vol.15 , pp. 311-313
    • Tompkins, D.M.1    Begon, M.2
  • 133
    • 0028164890 scopus 로고
    • Prey selection and daily food consumption by a cleaner fish, Ctenolabrus rupestris (L), on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L
    • Aquaculture
    • Treasurer , J. (1994) Prey selection and daily food consumption by a cleaner fish, Ctenolabrus rupestris (L), on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L . Aquaculture 122 , 269 - 277 .
    • (1994) , vol.122 , pp. 269-277
    • Treasurer, J.1
  • 134
    • 0036276749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of potential pathogens of sea lice and the application of cleaner fish in biological control
    • Pest Management Science
    • Treasurer , J.W. (2002) A review of potential pathogens of sea lice and the application of cleaner fish in biological control . Pest Management Science 58 , 546 - 558
    • (2002) , vol.58 , pp. 546-558
    • Treasurer, J.W.1
  • 135
    • 0027795569 scopus 로고
    • Production of nauplii of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer) (copepoda: caligidae) from farmed and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) on the west coast of Ireland during 1991 and its relation to infestation levels on wild sea trout (Salmo trutta L)
    • Fisheries Research
    • Tully , O. , & Whelan , K.F. (1993a) Production of nauplii of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer) (copepoda: caligidae) from farmed and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) on the west coast of Ireland during 1991 and its relation to infestation levels on wild sea trout (Salmo trutta L) . Fisheries Research 17 , 187 - 200 .
    • (1993) , vol.17 , pp. 187-200
    • Tully, O.1    Whelan, K.F.2
  • 136
    • 0001940509 scopus 로고
    • Parameters and possible causes of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer) infesting sea trout (Salmo trutta L
    • off the west coast of Ireland . In: Pathogens of Wild and Farmed Fish: Sea Lice (eds G.A. Boxhall & D. Defaye) Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood
    • Tully , O. , Poole , W.R. , Whelan , K.F. , et al. (1993b) Parameters and possible causes of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer) infesting sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) off the west coast of Ireland . In: Pathogens of Wild and Farmed Fish: Sea Lice (eds G.A. Boxhall & D. Defaye) pp. 202 - 213 . Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood .
    • (1993) , pp. 202-213
    • Tully, O.1    Poole, W.R.2    Whelan, K.F.3
  • 137
    • 0032806763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variation in the infestation of sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) by the caligid copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer) in relation to sources of infection in Ireland
    • Parasitology
    • Tully , O. , Gargan , P. , Poole , W.R. , et al. (1999) Spatial and temporal variation in the infestation of sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) by the caligid copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer) in relation to sources of infection in Ireland . Parasitology 119 , 41 - 51 .
    • (1999) , vol.119 , pp. 41-51
    • Tully, O.1    Gargan, P.2    Poole, W.R.3
  • 138
    • 84886078684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infection on temporal changes in cortisol, sex steroids, growth and reproductive investment in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
    • Journal of Fish Biology (in press)
    • Tveiten , H. , Bj ørn, P.A. , Johnsen , H.K. , et al. Effects of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infection on temporal changes in cortisol, sex steroids, growth and reproductive investment in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) . Journal of Fish Biology (in press).
    • Tveiten, H.1    Bj, ørnP.A.2    Johnsen, H.K.3    et al. Effects of salmon lice4
  • 139
    • 44649165135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, abundance, and distribution of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer, 1837) and Caligus elongatus (Nordmann, 1832) on wild sea trout Salmo trutta L
    • ICES Journal of Marine Science
    • Urquhart , K. , Pert , C.C. , Kilburn , R. , et al. (2008) Prevalence, abundance, and distribution of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr ø yer, 1837) and Caligus elongatus (Nordmann, 1832) on wild sea trout Salmo trutta L . ICES Journal of Marine Science 65 , 171 - 173 .
    • (2008) , vol.65 , pp. 171-173
    • Urquhart, K.1    Pert, C.C.2    Kilburn, R.3
  • 140
    • 1942527850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological impact of sea lice on swimming performance of Atlantic salmon
    • Journal of Fish Biology
    • Wagner , G.N. , McKinley , R.S. , Bj ørn, P.A. , et al. (2003) Physiological impact of sea lice on swimming performance of Atlantic salmon . Journal of Fish Biology 62 , 1000 - 1009 .
    • (2003) , vol.62 , pp. 1000-1009
    • Wagner, G.N.1    McKinley, R.S.2    Bj, ørnP.A.3
  • 141
    • 3042561942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short - term freshwater exposure benefits sea lice - infected Atlantic salmon
    • Journal of Fish Biology
    • Wagner , G , N. , McKinley , R.S. , Bj ørn, P.A. , et al. (2004 ) Short - term freshwater exposure benefits sea lice - infected Atlantic salmon . Journal of Fish Biology 64 , 1593 - 1604 .
    • (2004) , vol.64 , pp. 1593-1604
    • Wagner, G.N.1    McKinley, R.S.2    Bjørn, P.A.3
  • 142
    • 41349121967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology and immunology of Lepeophtheirus salmonis infections of salmonids
    • Trends in Parasitology
    • Wagner , G.N. , Fast , M.D. , & Johnson , S.C. (2008) Physiology and immunology of Lepeophtheirus salmonis infections of salmonids . Trends in Parasitology 24 , 176 - 183 .
    • (2008) , vol.24 , pp. 176-183
    • Wagner, G.N.1    Fast, M.D.2    Johnson, S.C.3
  • 143
    • 33947181338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiological effects of simultaneous, abrupt seawater entry and sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation of wild, sea - run brown trout (Salmo trutta) smolts
    • Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences
    • Wells , A. , Grierson , C.E. , MacKenzie , M. , et al. (2006) The physiological effects of simultaneous, abrupt seawater entry and sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation of wild, sea - run brown trout (Salmo trutta) smolts . Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 63 , 2809 - 2821 .
    • (2006) , vol.63 , pp. 2809-2821
    • Wells, A.1    Grierson, C.E.2    MacKenzie, M.3
  • 144
    • 0037752925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stress response in fish
    • Physiological Reviews
    • Wendelaar Bonga , S.E. (1997) The stress response in fish . Physiological Reviews 77 , 591 - 625 .
    • (1997) , vol.77 , pp. 591-625
    • Wendelaar Bonga, S.E.1
  • 145
    • 42449163034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization and field use of a bioassay to monitor sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis sensitivity to emamectin benzoate
    • Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
    • Westcott , J.D. , Stryhn , H. , Burka , J.F. , et al. (2008) Optimization and field use of a bioassay to monitor sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis sensitivity to emamectin benzoate . Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 79 , 119 - 131 .
    • (2008) , vol.79 , pp. 119-131
    • Westcott, J.D.1    Stryhn, H.2    Burka, J.F.3
  • 146
    • 0343602241 scopus 로고
    • Decline of sea trout in the west of Ireland: an indication of forthcoming marine problems for salmon? In: Salmon in the Sea and New Enhancement Strategies (ed. D. Mills)
    • Oxford: Fishing News Books
    • Whelan , K.F. (1993) Decline of sea trout in the west of Ireland: an indication of forthcoming marine problems for salmon? In: Salmon in the Sea and New Enhancement Strategies (ed. D. Mills) pp. 171 - 183 . Oxford: Fishing News Books .
    • (1993) , pp. 171-183
    • Whelan, K.F.1
  • 147
    • 0001582601 scopus 로고
    • Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus) and death of salmon
    • Journal of Fishery Research Board Canada
    • White , H.C. (1940) Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus) and death of salmon . Journal of Fishery Research Board Canada 5 , 172 - 175 .
    • (1940) , vol.5 , pp. 172-175
    • White, H.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.