Clustering of parasites within cages on Scottish and Norwegian salmon farms: Alternative sampling strategies illustrated using simulation

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

Volumn 81, Issue 1-3 SPEC. ISS., 2007, Pages 135-147

  Revie, C W ^a   Hollinger, E ^a   Gettinby, G ^a   Lees, F ^a   Heuch, P A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE   (United Kingdom)

^b NORWEGIAN VETERINARY INSTITUTE   (Norway)

Author keywords

Clustering; Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); Population monitoring; Sampling strategy; Sea lice; Simulation

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL PARASITOSIS; AQUACULTURE; ARTICLE; ATLANTIC SALMON; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COPEPOD; FISH; FISH DISEASE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; INFESTATION; MONTE CARLO METHOD; NORWAY; PARASITOLOGY; UNITED KINGDOM;

ANIMALS; AQUACULTURE; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COPEPODA; ECTOPARASITIC INFESTATIONS; FISH DISEASES; FISHES; MONTE CARLO METHOD; NORWAY; PARASITIC DISEASES, ANIMAL; SALMO SALAR; SCOTLAND;

CALIGUS ELONGATUS; LEPEOPHTHEIRUS SALMONIS; PHTHIRAPTERA;

EID: 34347265170     PISSN: 01675877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.04.004     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Asplin, L., Boxaspen, K., Sandvik, A.D., 2004. Modelling distribution of salmon lice in a Norwegian fjord. CM/ P:11, 1-12. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES).
2. Böhning D., and Greiner M. Prevalence estimation under heterogeneity in the example of bovine trypanosomosis in Uganda. Prev. Vet. Med. 36 (1998) 11-23
3. Boxaspen K. A review of the biology and genetics of sea lice. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 63 (2006) 1304-1316
4. Boxshall G.A., and Bravo S. On the identity of the common Caligus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae) from salmonid netpen systems in southern Chile. Contrib. Zool. 69 (2000) 137-146
5. Bush A.O., Lafferty K.D., Lotz J.M., and Shostak A.W. Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited. J. Parasitol. 83 (1997) 575-583
6. Campbell P.J., Hammell K.L., Dohoo I.R., and Ritchie G. Randomized clinical trial to investigate the effectiveness of teflubenzuron for treating sea lice on Atlantic salmon. Dis. Aquat. Org. 70 (2006) 101-108
7. Donner A. Some aspects of the design and analysis of cluster randomization trials. Appl. Stat. 47 (1998) 95-113
8. Donner A., and Klar N. Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research (2000), Arnold, London
9. Geogiadis M.P., Gardner I.A., and Hedrick R.P. The role of epidemiology in the prevention, diagonsis, and control of infectious diseases of fish. Prev. Vet. Med. 48 (2001) 287-302
10. Heuch P.A., and Mo T.A. A model of salmon louse reproduction in Norway: the effect of increasing salmon production and public management measures. Dis. Aquat. Org. 45 (2001) 145-152
11. Heuch P.A., Revie C.W., and Gettinby G. A comparison of epidemiological patterns of salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, infections on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Norway and Scotland. J. Fish Dis. 26 (2003) 539-551
12. Jaworski A., and Holm J.C. Distribution and structure of the population of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., under typical rearing conditions. Aquacult. Fish. Manage. 23 (1992) 577-589
13. Johnson S.C., Treasurer J.W., Bravo S., Nagasawa K., and Kabata Z. A review of the impact of parasitic copepods on marine aquaculture. Zool. Stud. 43 (2004) 229-243
14. Jones, S., Nemec, A., 2004. Pink Salmon Action Plan: Sea Lice on Juvenile Salmon and on some Non-Salmonid Species in the Broughton Archipelago in 2003. Research Document 2004/105, 1-87. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/Csas/publications/ResDocs-DocRech/2004/2004_105_e.htm).
15. Kent M.L., and Poppe T.T. Diseases of Seawater Netpen-reared Salmonid Fishes (1998), Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC
16. MacKinnon B.M. Control of Sea Lice Infections in Salmonid Aquaculture: Alternatives to Drugs (1997), Special Publication-Aquaculture Association of Canada [Issue 2], St Andrews, Canada pp. 61-64
17. McDermott J.J., and Schukken Y.H. A review of methods used for cluster effects in explanatory epidemiological studies of animal populations. Prev. Vet. Med. 18 (1994) 155-173
18. McKenzie E., Gettinby G., McCart K., and Revie C.W. Time series models of sea lice Caligus elongatus (Nordmann) abundance on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in Loch Sunart, Scotland. Aquacult. Res. 35 (2004) 764-772
19. Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture and Food, 2000. Regulation 2000-02-01, Number 70. Regulation on control of salmon lice. Issued by the Ministry of Agriculture on 01 February 2000 in pursuance of Act 14th June 1997 No. 54, relating to measures to Counteract Disease in Fish and Other Aquatic Animals (Fish Disease Act) §16 and §29.
20. Nygaard S.M.R. Louse damage of cod raised in nets [Norwegian]. Norsk Veterinaert. 117 (2005) 34
21. O'Donohoe, P., Kennedy, S., Kane, F., Naughton, O., Tierney, D., Jackson, D., 2005. National survey of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer and Caligus elongatus Nordmann) on fish farms in Ireland-2004. Leaflet B22, 1-33. Marine Institute, Galway. (http://www.marine.ie/home/publicationsdata/publications/FisheryLeaflets.htm).
22. Pike A.W., and Wadsworth S.L. Sealice on salmonids: their biology and control. Adv. Parasitol. 44 (1999) 233-337
23. Revie C.W., Gettinby G., Treasurer J.W., Grant A.N., and Reid S.W.J. Sea lice infestations on farmed Atlantic salmon in Scotland and the use of ectoparasitic treatments. Vet. Rec. 151 (2002) 753-757
24. Revie C.W., Gettinby G., Treasurer J.W., and Wallace C. Identifying epidemiological factors affecting sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) abundance on Scottish salmon farms using general linear models. Dis. Aquat. Org. 57 (2003) 85-95
25. Revie C.W., Gettinby G., Treasurer J.W., and Wallace C. Evaluating the effect of clustering when monitoring the abundance of sea lice populations on farmed Atlantic salmon. J. Fish Biol. 66 (2005) 773-783
26. Revie, C.W., 2006. The development of an epi-informatics approach to increase understanding of the relationships between farmed fish and their parasites. Ph.D. Thesis. Dept of Statistics and Modelling Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, p. 37.
27. Ridout M.S., Demetrio C.G.B., and Firth D. Estimating intraclass correlation for binary data. Biometrics 55 (1999) 137-148
28. Ritchie G. The host transfer ability of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) from farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. J. Fish Dis. 20 (1997) 153-157
29. Saksida S., Constantine J., Karreman G., and Donald A. Evaluation of sea lice abundance levels on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) located in the Broughton Archipelago of British Columbia from 2003 to 2005. Aquat. Res. 38 (2007) 219-231
30. Sepulveda F., Marin S.L., and Carvajal J. Metazoan parasites in wild fish and farmed salmon from aquaculture sites in southern Chile. Aquaculture 235 (2004) 89-100
31. Steel G.D., and Torrie J.H. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. second ed. (1980), McGraw Hill
32. Thrushfield M.V. Veterinary Epidemiology (2005), Blackwell Science, Oxford
33. Treasurer J.W., and Pope J.A. Selection of host sample number and design of a monitoring programme for ectoparasitic sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture 187 (2000) 247-260
34. Westcott J.D., Hammell K.L., and Burka J.F. Sea lice treatments, management practices and sea lice sampling methods on Atlantic salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada. Aquacult. Res. 35 (2004) 784-792
35. Zou G., and Donner A. Confidence interval estimation of the intraclass correlation coefficient for binary outcome data. Biometrics 60 (2004) 807-811
36. Zar J.H. Biostatistical Analysis (1996), Prentice Hall, New Jersey