A Monte Carlo simulation study of the effect of energy windows in computed tomography images based on an energy-resolved photon counting detector

Physics in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 57, Issue 15, 2012, Pages 4931-4949

  Lee, Seung Wan ^a   Choi, Yu Na ^a   Cho, Hyo Min ^a   Lee, Young Jin ^a   Ryu, Hyun Ju ^a   Kim, Hee Joung ^a  

^a Yonsei University Wonju   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CDTE; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGES; CONTRAST TO NOISE RATIO; ENERGY WEIGHTING; ENERGY WINDOWS; IMAGE-BASED; IMAGING METHOD; K-EDGE ABSORPTION; K-EDGE IMAGING; LOWER ENERGIES; MONTE CARLO SIMULATION; PHOTON COUNTING DETECTORS; RECONSTRUCTED IMAGE; SPECIFIC ENERGY; SPECTRAL INFORMATION; X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SYSTEM;

BLOOD; COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY; DETECTORS; GADOLINIUM; IMAGE QUALITY; IODINE; MONTE CARLO METHODS; PHOTONS;

BINS;

ARTICLE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; IMAGE PROCESSING; METHODOLOGY; MONTE CARLO METHOD; PHOTON;

IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MONTE CARLO METHOD; PHOTONS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 84863965940     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: 13616560     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/15/4931     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Alvarez R E and Macovski A 1976 Energy-selective reconstructions in x-ray computerized tomography Phys. Med. Biol. 21 733-44
2. Brunner F C, Benoit D, Berar J-F, Clemens J-C and Morel C 2011 Study of the charge sharing effect in the photon-counting pixel detector XPAD3-S Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 633 S111-8
3. Choi Y, Lee S, Cho H, Ryu H, Lee Y and Kim H 2011 The effect of photon energy weighting on x-ray imaging based on a photon counting detector J. Korean Phys. Soc. 59 3114-9
4. Dilmanian F A et al 1995 Dual energy iodine contrast CT with monochromatic x rays IEEE Nuclear Science Symp. Medical Imaging Conf. Record pp 1392-6
5. Dilmanian F A et al 1997 Single- and dual-energy CT with monochromatic synchrotron x-rays Phys. Med. Biol. 42 371-87 (Pubitemid 27095073)
6. Feldkamp L A, Davis L C and Kress J W 1984 Practical cone-beam algorithm J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 6 612-9
7. Feuerlein S et al 2008 Multienergy photon-counting K-edge imaging: potential for improved luminal depiction in vascular imaging Radiology 249 1010-6
8. Jan S et al 2011 GATE V6: a major enhancement of the GATE simulation platform enabling modeling of CT and radiotherapy Phys. Med. Biol. 56 881-901
9. Klein O and Nishina Y 1929 Uber die streuung von strahlung durch freie elektronen nach der neuen relativistischen quantendynamik von Dirac Z. Phys. 52 853-68
10. Knoll G F 2010 Radiation Detection and Measurement (New York: Wiley)
11. Lazaro D et al 2004 Validation of the GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform for modelling a CsI(Tl) scintillation camera dedicated to small-animal imaging Phys. Med. Biol. 49 271-85 (Pubitemid 38139430)
12. Lee S, Choi Y, Cho H, Lee Y, Ryu H and Kim H 2011 Feasibility of photon-counting K-edge imaging in x-ray and computed tomography systems: Monte Carlo simulation studies J. Korean Phys. Soc. 59 2833-9
13. Nilsson H-E, Frojdh C and Dubaric E 2004 Monte Carlo simulation of charge sharing effects in silicon and GaAs photon-counting x-ray imaging detectors IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 51 1636-40
14. Nilsson H-E, Norlin B, Frojdh C and Tlustos L 2007 Charge sharing suppression using pixel-to-pixel communication in photon counting x-ray imaging systems Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 576 243-7 (Pubitemid 46719474)
15. Poludniowski G, Landry G, DeBlois F, Evans P M and Verhaegen F 2009 SpekCalc: a program to calculate photon spectra from tungsten anode x-ray tubes Phys. Med. Biol. 54 N433-8
16. Ponchut C 2008 Correction of the charge sharing in photon-counting pixel detector data Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 591 311-3
17. Roessl E, Brendel B, Engel K-J, Schlomka J-P, Thran A and Proksa R 2011 Sensitivity of photon-counting based K-edge imaging in x-ray computed tomography IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 30 1678-90
18. Roessl E and Proksa R 2007 K-edge imaging in x-ray computed tomography using multi-bin photon counting detectors Phys. Med. Biol. 52 4679-96 (Pubitemid 47103149)
19. Sarnelli A, Elleaume H, Taibi A, Gambaccini M and Bravin A 2006 K-edge digital subtraction imaging with dichromatic x-ray sources: SNR and dose studies Phys. Med. Biol. 51 4311-28 (Pubitemid 44261846)
20. Schlomka J P et al 2008 Experimental feasibility of multi-energy photon-counting K-edge imaging in pre-clinical computed tomography Phys. Med. Biol. 53 4031-47
21. Schmidt T G 2009 Optimal image-based weighting for energy-resolved CT Med. Phys. 36 3018-27
22. Sellin P J 2006 Thick film compound semiconductors for x-ray imaging applications Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 563 1-8 (Pubitemid 44172906)
23. Shikhaliev P M 2005 Beam hardening artefacts in computed tomography with photon counting, charge integrating and energy weighting detectors: a simulation study Phys. Med. Biol. 50 5813-27 (Pubitemid 41795835)
24. Shikhaliev P M 2008 Computed tomography with energy-resolved detection: a feasibility study Phys. Med. Biol. 53 1475-95 (Pubitemid 351594438)
25. Spartiotis K, Leppanen A, Pantsar T, Pyyhtia J, Laukka P, Muukkonen K, Mannisto O, Kinnari J and Schulman T 2005 A photon counting CdTe gamma- and x-ray camera Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 550 267-77 (Pubitemid 41252242)
26. Taguchi K, Frey E C, Wang X, Iwanczyk J S and Barber W C 2010 An analytical model of the effects of pulse pile-up on the energy spectrum recorded by energy resolved photon counting x-ray detectors Med. Phys. 37 3957-69
27. Taguchi K, Zhang M, Frey E C and Wang X 2011 Modeling the performance of a photon counting x-ray detector for CT: energy response and pulse pileup effects Med. Phys. 38 1089-102
28. Taiovaara M J and Wagner R F 1985 SNR and DQE analysis of broad spectrum x-ray imaging Phys. Med. Biol. 30 519-29 (Pubitemid 15041525)
29. Takahashi T and Watanabe S 2001 Recent progress in CdTe and CdZnTe detectors IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 48 950-9 (Pubitemid 33073623)
30. Wang A S, Harrison D, Lobastov V and Tkaczyk J E 2011 Pulse pileup statistics for energy discriminating photon counting x-ray detectors Med. Phys. 38 4265-75
31. Wang X, Meier D, Hugg J, Chowdhury S, Wagenaar D, Patt B and Frey E 2010 Modeling spectral distortions in energy resolved photon-counting x-ray detector IEEE Nuclear Science Symp. Conf. Record pp 3054-7
32. Wang X, Meier D, Sundal B M, Oya P, Maehlum G E, Wagenaar D J, Patt B E, Tsui B M W and Frey E 2009 A digital line-camera for energy resolved x-ray photon counting IEEE Nuclear Science Symp. Conf. Record pp 3453-7
33. Xiao Z L, Fei M, Jian Y L, Hai P D, Yun S and Ke M C 2011 High-definition CT gemstone spectral imaging of the brain: initial results of selecting optimal monochromatic image for beam-hardening and image noise reduction J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 35 294-7