High rates of HIV infection among injection drug users participating in needle exchange programs in Montreal: Results of a cohort study

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 146, Issue 12, 1997, Pages 994-1006

  Bruneau, Julie ^a,e   Lamothe, François ^a   Franco, Eduardo ^b   Lachance, Nathalie ^a   Désy, Marie ^c   Soto, Julio ^d   Vincelette, Jean ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c INRS INSTITUT ARMAND FRAPPIER   (Canada)

^d Public Health Department of Laval   (Canada)

^e CENTRE HOSPITALIER DE L UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cohort studies; HIV; Needle exchange programs; Substance abuse; Substance abuse, intravenous

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CANADA; COHORT ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HEALTH PROGRAM; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RATE; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEEDLE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 0031474246     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009240     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Lurie P, Reingold AL, Bowser B, et al. The public health impact of needle exchange programs in the United States and abroad: summary, conclusions and recommendations. School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. San Francisco, CA: Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, October 1993.
2. Alcabes P, Freedland G. Injection drug use and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Inf Dis 1995;20:1467-79.
3. Normand J, Vlahov D, Moses LE, eds. Preventing HIV transmission: the role of sterile needles and bleach. Panel on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1995.
4. Hart GJ, Carvell ALM, Woodward N, et al. Evaluation of needle exchange in central London: behaviour change and anti-HIV status over one year. AIDS 1989;3:261-5.
5. Frischer M, Elliott L. Discriminating needle exchange attenders from nonattenders. Addiction 1993;88:681-7.
6. Keene J, Stimson GV, Jones S, et al. Evaluation of syringe-exchange for HIV prevention among injecting drug users in rural and urban areas of Wales. Addiction 1993;88:1063-70.
7. Donoghoe MC, Stimson GV, Dolan K, et al. Changes in HIV risk behaviour in clients of syringe-exchange schemes in England and Scotland. AIDS 1989;3:267-72.
8. Wolk J, Wodak A, Guinan JJ, et al. The effect of a needle and syringe exchange on a methadone maintenance unit. Br J Addict 1990;85:1445-50.
9. Singer M, Weeks MR, Himmelgreen D. Sale and exchange of syringes. (Letter). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1995;10:104.
10. Paone D, DesJarlais DC, Caloir S, et al. New York City syringe exchange: an overview. Proceedings from the Workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs. National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1994:47-63.
11. Hagan H, DesJarlais, DC, Purchase D, et al. The Tacoma syringe exchange. J Addict Dis 1991;10:81-8.
12. Hagan H, DesJarlais DC, Freedman SR, et al. Reduced risk of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among injection drug users in the Tacoma syringe exchange program. Am J Public Health 1995;85:1531-7.
13. Guydish, J, Bucardo J, Young M, et al. Evaluating needle exchange: Are there negative effects? AIDS 1993;7:871-6.
14. Ljungberg B, Christensson B, Tunving K, et al. HIV prevention among injection drug users: three years of experience from a syringe-exchange program in Sweden. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1991;4:890-5.
15. Oliver K, Friedman SR, DesJarlais DC. Behavioral and community impact of the Portland syringe exchange program. Proceedings from the Workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs. National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1994:35-46.
16. Kaplan EH, Heimer R. HIV incidence among needle exchange participants: estimates from syringe tracking and testing data. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1994;7:182-9.
17. van Ameijden EJC, van den Hoek JAR, Coutinho RA. A substantial decline in injecting risk behavior among drug users in Amsterdam from 1986 to 1992, and its relationship to AIDS-prevention programs. Am J Public Health 1994;84: 275-81.
18. Lamothe F, Bruneau J, Sotp J, et al. Risk factors for HIV seroconversion among injecting drug users in Montreal: the Saint-Luc cohort experience. Presented at the Tenth International Conference on AIDS, Yokohama, Japan, August 1994.
19. Campos-Filho N, Franco EL. A microcomputer program for multiple logistic regression by unconditional and conditional maximum likelihood methods. Am J Epidemiol 1989;129: 439-44.
20. Campos N, Franco EL. Microcomputer-assisted multivariate survival data analysis using Cox's proportional hazards regression model. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 1990;31: 81-7.
21. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol 1. The analysis of case-control studies. (IARC scientific publication no. 32). Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1980:248-79.
22. Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc 1972; B34:187-220.
23. Hankins CA, Gendron S, Bruneau J, et al. Evaluating Montreal's needle exchange CACTUS-Montréal. Proceedings from the Workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs. National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1994:83-90.
24. Friedman SR, Jose B, Deren S, et al. Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion among out-of-treatment drug injectors in high and low seroprevalence cities. Am of Epidemiol 1995;142:864-74.
25. Canadian Pharmaceutical Association Executive Council. Norm 010-02. Ottawa, Canada: September 1988.
26. Klee H, Faugier J, Hayes C, et al. The sharing of injecting equipment among drug users attending prescribing clinics and those using needle-exchange. Br J Addict 1991;86:217-23.
27. Clark SJ, Saag MS, Don Decker WD, et al. High titers of cytopathic virus in plasma of patients with symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 1991;324:954-60.
28. Piatak M, Saag MS, Yang LC, et al. High level of HIV-1 in plasma during all stages of infection determined by competitive PCR. Science 1993;259:1749-54.
29. Baumberger C, Kinloch-de-Loes S, Yerly S, et al. High levels of circulating RNA in patients with symptomatic primary HIV-infection. AIDS 1993;7(suppl 2):S59-64.
30. Kunanusont C, Foy HM, Kreiss JK, et al. HIV-1 subtypes and male-to-female transmission in Thailand. Lancet 1995;345: 1078-83.
31. Coutinho RA. Annotation: needle exchange programs-Do they work? Am J Public Health 1995;11:1490-1.
32. van Ameijden EJC, van den Hoek JAR, van Haastrecht HJA, et al. The harm reduction approach and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion in injecting drug users, Amsterdam. Am J Epidemiol 1992;136:236-43.