PPI therapy is equally effective in well-defined non-erosive reflux disease and in reflux esophagitis: A meta-analysis

Neurogastroenterology and Motility

Volumn 24, Issue 8, 2012, Pages

  Weijenborg, P W ^a   Cremonini, F ^b   Smout, A J P M ^a   Bredenoord, A J ^a  

^a ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Gastro esophageal reflux disease; Non erosive reflux disease; PPI

Indexed keywords

ESOMEPRAZOLE; LANSOPRAZOLE; OMEPRAZOLE; PANTOPRAZOLE; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; RABEPRAZOLE;

ARTICLE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG RESPONSE; ESOPHAGOSCOPY; ESOPHAGUS PH; HEARTBURN; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; NON EROSIVE REFLUX DISEASE; PH MEASUREMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; ESOPHAGITIS, PEPTIC; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; HUMANS; PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84863851541     PISSN: 13501925     EISSN: 13652982     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01888.x     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Vakil N, van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, Dent J, Jones R. The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1900-20; quiz 1943.
2. Klauser AG, Schindlbeck NE, Müller-Lissner SA. Symptoms in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Lancet 1990; 335: 205-8.
3. Locke GR, Talley NJ, Fett SL, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ. Prevalence and clinical spectrum of gastroesophageal reflux: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Gastroenterology 1997; 112: 1448-56.
4. Moayyedi P, Axon ATR. Review article: gastro-oesophageal reflux disease - The extent of the problem. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 22(Suppl 1): 11-9.
5. Irvine EJ. Quality of life assessment in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut 2004; 53(Suppl 4): iv35-9.
6. van Pinxteren B, Numans ME, Bonis PA, Lau J. Short-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-like symptoms and endoscopy negative reflux disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 3: CD002095. doi: .
7. Lichtenstein DR, Cash BD, Davila R et al. Role of endoscopy in the management of GERD. Gastrointest Endosc 2007; 66: 219-24.
8. Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T et al. High prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and esophagitis with or without symptoms in the general adult Swedish population: a Kalixanda study report. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005; 40: 275-85.
9. Zagari RM, Fuccio L, Wallander M-A et al. Gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus in the general population: the Loiano-Monghidoro study. Gut 2008; 57: 1354-9.
10. Bredenoord AJ. Impedance-pH monitoring: new standard for measuring gastro-oesophageal reflux. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008; 20: 434-9.
11. Weusten BL, Akkermans LM, vanBerge-Henegouwen GP, Smout AJ. Symptom perception in gastroesophageal reflux disease is dependent on spatiotemporal reflux characteristics. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 1739-44.
12. Bredenoord AJ, Hemmink GJM, Smout AJPM. Relationship between gastro-oesophageal reflux pattern and severity of mucosal damage. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009; 21: 807-12.
13. Galmiche JP, Clouse RE, Bálint A et al. Functional esophageal disorders. Gastroenterology 2006; 130: 1459-65.
14. Khan M, Santana J, Donnellan C, Preston C, Moayyedi P. Medical treatments in the short term management of reflux oesophagitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; CD003244. doi: .
15. Bate CM, Green JR, Axon AT et al. Omeprazole is more effective than cimetidine for the relief of all grades of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-associated heartburn, irrespective of the presence or absence of endoscopic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997; 11: 755-63.
16. Galmiche JP, Barthelemy P, Hamelin B. Treating the symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a double-blind comparison of omeprazole and cisapride. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997; 11: 765-73.
17. Dean BB, Gano AD Jr, Knight K, Ofman JJ, Fass R. Effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in nonerosive reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 2: 656-64.
18. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials 1996; 17: 1-12.
19. Cochran WG. The combination of estimates from different experiments. Biometrics 1954; 10: 101-29.
20. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med 2002; 21: 1539-58.
21. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986; 7: 177-88.
22. Begg CB, Mazumdar M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics 1994; 50: 1088-101.
23. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997; 315: 629-34.
24. Venables TL, Newland RD, Patel AC, Hole J, Wilcock C, Turbitt ML. Omeprazole 10 milligrams once daily, omeprazole 20 milligrams once daily, or ranitidine 150 milligrams twice daily, evaluated as initial therapy for the relief of symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in general practice. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997; 32: 965-73.
25. Jones R, Crouch SL. Low-dose lansoprazole provides greater relief of heartburn and epigastric pain than low-dose omeprazole in patients with acid-related dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13: 413-9.
26. Maton PN, Orlando R, Joelsson B. Efficacy of omeprazole versus ranitidine for symptomatic treatment of poorly responsive acid reflux disease-a prospective, controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13: 819-26.
27. Kaplan-Machlis B, Spiegler GE, Zodet MW, Revicki DA. Effectiveness and costs of omeprazole vs ranitidine for treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease in primary care clinics in West Virginia. Arch Fam Med 2000; 9: 624-30.
28. Armstrong D, Paré P, Pericak D, Pyzyk M. Symptom relief in gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomized, controlled comparison of pantoprazole and nizatidine in a mixed patient population with erosive esophagitis or endoscopy-negative reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 2849-57.
29. Talley NJ, Moore MG, Sprogis A, Katelaris P. Randomised controlled trial of pantoprazole versus ranitidine for the treatment of uninvestigated heartburn in primary care. Med J Aust 2002; 177: 423-7.
30. van Zyl J, van Rensburg C, Vieweg W, Fischer R. Efficacy and safety of pantoprazole versus ranitidine in the treatment of patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease. Digestion 2004; 70: 61-9.
31. Armstrong D, Veldhuyzen van Zanten SJO, Barkun AN et al. Heartburn-dominant, uninvestigated dyspepsia: a comparison of "PPI-start" and "H2-RA-start" management strategies in primary care - The CADET-HR Study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 21: 1189-202.
32. Johnson DA, Orr WC, Crawley JA et al. Effect of esomeprazole on nighttime heartburn and sleep quality in patients with GERD: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 1914-22.
33. Eggleston A, Katelaris PH, Nandurkar S, Thorpe P, Holtmann G. Clinical trial: the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in primary care - Prospective randomized comparison of rabeprazole 20mg with esomeprazole 20 and 40mg. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 29: 967-78.
34. Havelund T, Laursen LS, Skoubo-Kristensen E et al. Omeprazole and ranitidine in treatment of reflux oesophagitis: double blind comparative trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1988; 296: 89-92.
35. Sandmark S, Carlsson R, Fausa O, Lundell L. Omeprazole or ranitidine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. Results of a double-blind, randomized, Scandinavian multicenter study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988; 23: 625-32.
36. Bate CM, Keeling PW, O'Morain C et al. Comparison of omeprazole and cimetidine in reflux oesophagitis: symptomatic, endoscopic, and histological evaluations. Gut 1990; 31: 968-72.
37. Dehn TC, Shepherd HA, Colin-Jones D, Kettlewell MG, Carroll NJ. Double blind comparison of omeprazole (40mg od) versus cimetidine (400mg qd) in the treatment of symptomatic erosive reflux oesophagitis, assessed endoscopically, histologically and by 24h pH monitoring. Gut 1990; 31: 509-13.
38. Bardhan KD, Hawkey CJ, Long RG et al. Lansoprazole versus ranitidine for the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. UK Lansoprazole Clinical Research Group. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1995; 9: 145-51.
39. Corinaldesi R, Valentini M, Belaïche J, Colin R, Geldof H, Maier C. Pantoprazole and omeprazole in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis: a European multicentre study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1995; 9: 667-71.
40. Koop H, Schepp W, Dammann HG, Schneider A, Lühmann R, Classen M. Comparative trial of pantoprazole and ranitidine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. Results of a German multicenter study. J Clin Gastroenterol 1995; 20: 192-5.
41. Mössner J, Hölscher AH, Herz R, Schneider A. A double-blind study of pantoprazole and omeprazole in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis: a multicentre trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1995; 9: 321-6.
42. Mulder CJ, Dekker W, Gerretsen M. Lansoprazole 30mg versus omeprazole 40mg in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis grade II, III and IVa (a Dutch multicentre trial). Dutch Study Group. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996; 8: 1101-6.
43. van Rensburg CJ, Honiball PJ, Grundling HD et al. Efficacy and tolerability of pantoprazole 40mg versus 80mg in patients with reflux oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996; 10: 397-401.
44. Carlsson R, Dent J, Watts R et al. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in primary care: an international study of different treatment strategies with omeprazole. International GORD Study Group. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 10: 119-24.
45. Cloud ML, Enas N, Humphries TJ, Bassion S. Rabeprazole in treatment of acid peptic diseases: results of three placebo-controlled dose-response clinical trials in duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The Rabeprazole Study Group. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43: 993-1000.
46. Dettmer A, Vogt R, Sielaff F, Lühmann R, Schneider A, Fischer R. Pantoprazole 20mg is effective for relief of symptoms and healing of lesions in mild reflux oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998; 12: 865-72.
47. Dekkers CP, Beker JA, Thjodleifsson B, Gabryelewicz A, Bell NE, Humphries TJ. Double-blind comparison [correction of Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison] of rabeprazole 20mg vs. omeprazole 20mg in the treatment of erosive or ulcerative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The European Rabeprazole Study Group. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13: 49-57.
48. Festen HP, Schenk E, Tan G, Snel P, Nelis F. Omeprazole versus high-dose ranitidine in mild gastroesophageal reflux disease: short- and long-term treatment. The Dutch Reflux Study Group. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 931-6.
49. Hatlebakk JG, Hyggen A, Madsen PH et al. Heartburn treatment in primary care: randomised, double blind study for 8weeks. BMJ 1999; 319: 550-3.
50. Jansen JB, Van Oene JC. Standard-dose lansoprazole is more effective than high-dose ranitidine in achieving endoscopic healing and symptom relief in patients with moderately severe reflux oesophagitis. The Dutch Lansoprazole Study Group. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13: 1611-20.
51. Farley A, Wruble LD, Humphries TJ. Rabeprazole versus ranitidine for the treatment of erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Raberprazole Study Group. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 1894-9.
52. Kahrilas PJ, Falk GW, Johnson DA et al. Esomeprazole improves healing and symptom resolution as compared with omeprazole in reflux oesophagitis patients: a randomized controlled trial. The esomeprazole study investigators. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000; 14: 1249-58.
53. Richter JE, Bochenek W. Oral pantoprazole for erosive esophagitis: a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Pantoprazole US GERD Study Group. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 3071-80.
54. van Zyl JH, de K Grundling H, van Rensburg CJ et al. Efficacy and tolerability of 20mg pantoprazole versus 300mg ranitidine in patients with mild reflux-oesophagitis: a randomized, double-blind, parallel, and multicentre study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 12: 197-202.
55. Bardhan KD, Van Rensburg C. Comparable clinical efficacy and tolerability of 20mg pantoprazole and 20mg omeprazole in patients with grade I reflux oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15: 1585-91.
56. Kaspari S, Biedermann A, Mey J. Comparison of pantoprazole 20mg to ranitidine 150mg b.i.d. in the treatment of mild gastroesophageal reflux disease. Digestion 2001; 63: 163-70.
57. Richter JE, Kahrilas PJ, Johanson J et al. Efficacy and safety of esomeprazole compared with omeprazole in GERD patients with erosive esophagitis: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 656-65.
58. Castell DO, Kahrilas PJ, Richter JE et al. Esomeprazole (40mg) compared with lansoprazole (30mg) in the treatment of erosive esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2002; 97: 575-83.
59. Meneghelli UG, Boaventura S, Moraes-Filho JPP et al. Efficacy and tolerability of pantoprazole versus ranitidine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis and the influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on healing rate. Dis Esophagus 2002; 15: 50-6.
60. Mulder CJJ, Westerveld BD, Smit JM et al. A double-blind, randomized comparison of omeprazole Multiple Unit Pellet System (MUPS) 20mg, lansoprazole 30mg and pantoprazole 40mg in symptomatic reflux oesophagitis followed by 3months of omeprazole MUPS maintenance treatment: a Dutch multicentre trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 14: 649-56.
61. Körner T, Schütze K, van Leendert RJM et al. Comparable efficacy of pantoprazole and omeprazole in patients with moderate to severe reflux esophagitis. Results of a multinational study. Digestion 2003; 67: 6-13.
62. Scholten T, Gatz G, Hole U. Once-daily pantoprazole 40mg and esomeprazole 40mg have equivalent overall efficacy in relieving GERD-related symptoms. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 18: 587-94.
63. Gillessen A, Beil W, Modlin IM, Gatz G, Hole U. 40mg pantoprazole and 40mg esomeprazole are equivalent in the healing of esophageal lesions and relief from gastroesophageal reflux disease-related symptoms. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004; 38: 332-40.
64. Wong WM, Lai KC, Hui WM et al. Double-blind, randomized controlled study to assess the effects of lansoprazole 30mg and lansoprazole 15mg on 24-h oesophageal and intragastric pH in Chinese subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 19: 455-62.
65. Fennerty MB, Johanson JF, Hwang C, Sostek M. Efficacy of esomeprazole 40mg vs. lansoprazole 30mg for healing moderate to severe erosive oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 21: 455-63.
66. Lightdale CJ, Schmitt C, Hwang C, Hamelin B. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, 8-week comparative trial of low-dose esomeprazole (20mg) and standard-dose omeprazole (20mg) in patients with erosive esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci 2006; 51: 852-7.
67. Bate CM, Griffin SM, Keeling PW et al. Reflux symptom relief with omeprazole in patients without unequivocal oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996; 10: 547-55.
68. Lind T, Havelund T, Carlsson R et al. Heartburn without oesophagitis: efficacy of omeprazole therapy and features determining therapeutic response. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997; 32: 974-9.
69. Miner P Jr, Orr W, Filippone J, Jokubaitis L, Sloan S. Rabeprazole in nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2002; 97: 1332-9.
70. Katz PO, Castell DO, Levine D. Esomeprazole resolves chronic heartburn in patients without erosive oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 18: 875-82.
71. Armstrong D, Talley NJ, Lauritsen K et al. The role of acid suppression in patients with endoscopy-negative reflux disease: the effect of treatment with esomeprazole or omeprazole. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20: 413-21.
72. Fock KM, Teo EK, Ang TL, Chua TS, Ng TM, Tan YL. Rabeprazole vs esomeprazole in non-erosive gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a randomized, double-blind study in urban Asia. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11: 3091-8.
73. Fujiwara Y, Higuchi K, Nebiki H et al. Famotidine vs. omeprazole: a prospective randomized multicentre trial to determine efficacy in non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 21(SUPPL 2): 10-8.
74. Kahrilas PJ, Miner P, Johanson J, Mao L, Jokubaitis L, Sloan S. Efficacy of rabeprazole in the treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50: 2009-18.
75. Dent J, Kahrilas PJ, Hatlebakk J et al. A randomized, comparative trial of a potassium-competitive acid blocker (AZD0865) and esomeprazole for the treatment of patients with nonerosive reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 20-6.
76. Uemura N, Inokuchi H, Serizawa H et al. Efficacy and safety of omeprazole in Japanese patients with nonerosive reflux disease. J Gastroenterol 2008; 43: 670-8.
77. Fass R, Chey WD, Zakko SF et al. Clinical trial: the effects of the proton pump inhibitor dexlansoprazole MR on daytime and nighttime heartburn in patients with non-erosive reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 29: 1261-72.
78. Watson RG, Tham TC, Johnston BT, McDougall NI. Double blind cross-over placebo controlled study of omeprazole in the treatment of patients with reflux symptoms and physiological levels of acid reflux - The "sensitive oesophagus". Gut 1997; 40: 587-90.
79. Richter JE, Peura D, Benjamin SB, Joelsson B, Whipple J. Efficacy of omeprazole for the treatment of symptomatic acid reflux disease without esophagitis. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 1810-6.
80. Johnsson F, Hatlebakk JG, Klintenberg AC, Román J. Symptom-relieving effect of esomeprazole 40mg daily in patients with heartburn. Scand J Gastroenterol 2003; 38: 347-53.
81. Hiyama T, Matsuo K, Urabe Y et al. Meta-analysis used to identify factors associated with the effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors against non-erosive reflux disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24: 1326-32.
82. Modlin IM, Hunt RH, Malfertheiner P et al. Diagnosis and management of non-erosive reflux disease - The Vevey NERD Consensus Group. Digestion 2009; 80: 74-88.
83. Schlesinger PK, Donahue PE, Schmid B, Layden TJ. Limitations of 24-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring in the hospital setting. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 797-804.
84. Martinez SD, Malagon IB, Garewal HS, Cui H, Fass R. Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) - Acid reflux and symptom patterns. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 537-45.
85. Weusten BL, Roelofs JM, Akkermans LM, Van Berge-Henegouwen GP, Smout AJ. The symptom-association probability: an improved method for symptom analysis of 24-hour esophageal pH data. Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 1741-5.
86. Colas-Atger E, Bonaz B, Papillon E et al. Relationship between acid reflux episodes and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms is very inconstant. Dig Dis Sci 2002; 47: 645-51.
87. Fass R, Tougas G. Functional heartburn: the stimulus, the pain, and the brain. Gut 2002; 51: 885-92.
88. Dent J, Vakil N, Jones R et al. Accuracy of the diagnosis of GORD by questionnaire, physicians and a trial of proton pump inhibitor treatment: the Diamond Study. Gut 2010; 59: 714-21.
89. de Leone A, Tonini M, Dominici P, Grossi E, Pace F. The proton pump inhibitor test for gastroesophageal reflux disease: optimal cut-off value and duration. Dig Liver Dis 2010; 42: 785-90.
90. Pezanoski JP, Ganuratnam NT, Cowen M. Correct and incorrect dosing of proton pump inhibitors and its impact on GERD symptoms. Gastroenterology 2003; 124(Suppl 1): A228.
91. Scarpignato C, Hunt RH. Proton pump inhibitors: the beginning of the end or the end of the beginning? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2008; 8: 677-84.
92. Scarpignato C, Pelosini I. Review article: the opportunities and benefits of extended acid suppression. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 23(Suppl 2): 23-34.