Co-occurrence of obesity and patterns of alcohol use associated with elevated serum hepatic enzymes in US adults

Journal of Behavioral Medicine

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 200-210

  Tsai, James ^a   Ford, Earl S ^a   Zhao, Guixiang ^a   Li, Chaoyang ^a   Greenlund, Kurt J ^a   Croft, Janet B ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION   (United States)

Author keywords

Obesity Abdominal obesity Alcohol use Transaminase Aminotransferase Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD; COMORBIDITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; ENZYMOLOGY; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; LIVER; MALE; METABOLISM; NUTRITION; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; ALANINE TRANSAMINASE; ALCOHOL DRINKING; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASES; COMORBIDITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; LIVER; MALE; NUTRITION SURVEYS; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84863776945     PISSN: 01607715     EISSN: 15733521     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10865-011-9353-5     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Adams, L. A., Knuiman, M. W., Divitini, M. L., & Olynyk, J. K. (2008). Body mass index is a stronger predictor of alanine aminotransaminase levels than alcohol consumption. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 23, 1089-1093. (Pubitemid 352019382)
2. Alatalo, P., Koivisto, H., Hietala, J., Puukka, K., Bloigu, R., & Niemela, O. (2008). Effect of moderate alcohol consumption on liver enzymes increases with increasing body mass index. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 88, 1097-1103.
3. Alatalo, P., Koivisto, H., Puukka, K., Hietala, J., Anttila, P., Bloigu, R., et al. (2009). Biomarkers of liver status in heavy drinkers, moderate drinkers and abstainers. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 44, 199-203.
4. APHA. (2008). Alcohol screening and brief intervention: A guide for public health practitioners. Washington DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department of Transportation. American Public Health Association (APHA) and Education Development Center, Inc.
5. Barros, A. J., & Hirakata, V. N. (2003). Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: An empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 3, 21.
6. Breslow, R. A., & Smothers, B. A. (2005). Drinking patterns and body mass index in never smokers: National Health Interview Survey, 1997-2001. American Journal of Epidemiology, 161, 368-376. (Pubitemid 40256209)
7. Calle, E. E., Rodriguez, C., Walker-Thurmond, K., & Thun, M. J. (2003). Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of US adults. The New England Journal of Medicine, 348, 1625-1638. (Pubitemid 36459468)
8. CDC. (2007). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Surveillance for acute viral hepatitis-United States, 2007. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 58, 1-27.
9. CDC. (2009a). The guide to community preventive services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta, Georgia. URL: http://www. thecommunityguide.org/pa/index.html.
10. CDC. (2009b). Recommended community strategies and measurements to prevent obesity in the United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 58, 1-26.
11. CDC. (2010). National health and nutrition examination survey. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Atlanta, Georgia. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm.
12. Chang, Y., Ryu, S., Sung, E., & Jang, Y. (2007). Higher concentrations of alanine aminotransferase within the reference interval predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clinical Chemistry, 53, 686-692. (Pubitemid 46580239)
13. Chen, P. H., Chen, J. D., & Lin, Y. C. (2009). A better parameter in predicting insulin resistance: Obesity plus elevated alanine aminotransferase. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 15, 5598-5603.
14. Conigrave, K. M., Davies, P., Haber, P., & Whitfield, J. B. (2003). Traditional markers of excessive alcohol use. Addiction, 98, 31-43. (Pubitemid 38030760)
15. Conway, B., & Rene, A. (2004). Obesity as a disease: No lightweight matter. Obesity Reviews, 5, 145-151. (Pubitemid 38998239)
16. Day, C. P. (1997). Alcoholic liver disease: Dose and threshold-new thoughts on an old topic. Gut, 41, 857-858.
17. Diehl, A. M. (2010). Hepatic complications of obesity. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 39, 57-68.
18. Dolman, J. M., & Hawkes, N. D. (2005). Combining the audit questionnaire and biochemical markers to assess alcohol use and risk of alcohol withdrawal in medical inpatients. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 40, 515-519. (Pubitemid 41600002)
19. Ely, M., Hardy, R., Longford, N. T., & Wadsworth, M. E. J. (1999). Gender differences in the relationship between alcohol consumption and drink problems are largely accounted for body water. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 34, 894-902. (Pubitemid 30042535)
20. Fabricatore, A. N. (2007). Behavior therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy of obesity: Is there a difference? Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 107, 92-99. (Pubitemid 46013809)
21. Flegal, K. M., Carroll, M. D., Ogden, C. L., & Curtin, L. R. (2010). Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 303, 235-241.
22. Ford, E. S., Li, C., Zhao, G., & Tsai, J. (2010). Trends in obesity and abdominal obesity among adults in the United States from 1999-2008. International Journal of Obesity (Online First). doi: 10.1038/ijo.2010.186.
23. Ford, E. S., Schulze, M. B., Bergmann, M. M., Thamer, C., Joost, H. G., & Boeing, H. (2008). Liver enzymes and incident diabetes: Findings from the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)-potsdam study. Diabetes Care, 31, 1138-1143.
24. Foster, G. D., Makris, A. P., & Bailer, B. A. (2005). Behavioral treatment of obesity. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 82, 230S-235S.
25. Giboney, P. T. (2005). Mildly elevated liver transaminase levels in the asymptomatic patient. American Family Physician, 71, 1105-1110. (Pubitemid 40395670)
26. Gramenzi, A., Caputo, F., Biselli, M., Kuria, F., Loggi, E., Andreone, P., et al. (2006). Review article: Alcoholic liver disease-pathophysiological aspects and risk factors. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 24, 1151-1161. (Pubitemid 44427503)
27. Gregg, E. W., Cheng, Y. J., Cadwell, B. L., Imperatore, G., Williams, D. E., Flegal, K. M., et al. (2005). Secular trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in US adults. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 293, 1868-1874. (Pubitemid 40548183)
28. Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Daniels, S. R., Donato, K. A., Eckel, R. H., Franklin, B. A., et al. (2005). Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation, 112, 2735-2752. (Pubitemid 41532612)
29. Guh, D., Zhang, W., Bansback, N., Amarsi, Z., Birmingham, C. L., & Anis, A. (2009). The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 9, 88.
30. Hammond, R. A., & Levine, R. (2010). The economic impact of obesity in the United States. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 3, 285-295.
31. Hart, C. L., Morrison, D. S., Batty, G. D., Mitchell, R. J., & Davey Smith, G. (2010). Effect of body mass index and alcohol consumption on liver disease: Analysis of data from two prospective cohort studies. BMJ, 340, c1240.
32. Huang, T. T., & Glass, T. A. (2008). Transforming research strategies for understanding and preventing obesity. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 1811-1813.
33. Hughes, S. C., Chambers, C. D., Kassem, N., Wahlgren, D. R., Larson, S., Riley, E. P., et al. (2009). Inconsistent report of prepregnancy-recognition alcohol use by Latinas. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 13, 857-864.
34. Johnson, S. S., Paiva, A. L., Cummins, C. O., Johnson, J. L., Dyment, S. J., Wright, J. A., et al. (2008). Transtheoretical model-based multiple behavior intervention for weight management: Effectiveness on a population basis. Preventive Medicine, 46, 238-246. (Pubitemid 351305301)
35. Kim, H. C., Nam, C. M., Jee, S. H., Han, K. H., Oh, D. K., & Suh, I. (2004). Normal serum aminotransferase concentration and risk of mortality from liver diseases: Prospective cohort study. BMJ, 328, 983.
36. Korn, E., & Graubard, B. (1999). Analysis of health surveys. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
37. Lee, T. H., Kim, W. R., Benson, J. T., Therneau, T. M., & Melton, L. J., 3rd. (2008). Serum aminotransferase activity and mortality risk in a United States community. Hepatology, 47, 880-887. (Pubitemid 351449679)
38. Li, C., Ford, E. S., Zhao, G., Balluz, L. S., & Giles, W. H. (2009). Estimates of body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in adults. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 90, 1457-1465.
39. Mason, J., Starke, R., & Van Kirk, J. (2010). Gamma-glutamyl transferase: A novel cardiovascular risk biomarker. Preventive Cardiology, 13, 36-41.
40. McIntosh, J. (2008). Is alcohol consumption good for you? Results from the 2005 Canadian community health survey. Addiction Research and Theory, 16, 553-563.
41. Morris, M. J. (2008). Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of obesity. Clin Exp Physiology and Pharmacology, 35, 416-419. (Pubitemid 351326795)
42. NACB. (2000). Laboratory medicine practice guidelines: Laboratory guidelines for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic injury. The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB). Washington, DC.
43. NIAAA. (1997). Alcohol alert: Alcohol metabolism. No. 35. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Rockville, MD.
44. NIAAA. (1999). Alcohol alert: Are women more vulnerable to alcohol's effects? National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). No. 46. Rockville, MD.
45. NIAAA. (2004). Binge drinking defined. Newsletter, Winter 2004, Number 3. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services. Rockville, Maryland.
46. NIAAA. (2005). National Institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Helping patients who drink too much: A Clinician's Guide. NIH Pub No. 05-3769. Bethesda, MD.
47. Nijem, K., Kristensen, P., Al-Khatib, A., & Bjertness, E. (2005). Application of different statistical methods to estimate relative risk for self-reported health complaints among shoe factory workers exposed to organic solvents and plastic compounds. Norwegian Journal of Epidemiology, 15, 111-116. (Pubitemid 43211796)
48. Nyblom, H., Berggren, U., Balldin, J., & Olsson, R. (2004). High AST/ALT ratio may indicate advanced alcoholic liver disease rather than heavy drinking. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 39, 336-339. (Pubitemid 38968090)
49. Ogden, C., Yanovski, S., Carroll, M., & Flegal, K. (2007). The epidemiology of obesity. Gastroenterology, 132, 2087-2102. (Pubitemid 46693751)
50. Okosun, I. S., Seale, J. P., Daniel, J. B., & Eriksen, M. P. (2005). Poor health is associated with episodic heavy alcohol use: Evidence from a National Survey. Public Health, 119, 509-517. (Pubitemid 40485890)
51. Orzano, A. J., & Scott, J. G. (2004). Diagnosis and treatment of obesity in adults: An applied evidence-based review. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 17, 359-369.
52. Peterson, K. (2004). Biomarkers for alcohol use and abuse: A summary. Alcohol Research & Health, 28, 30-37. (Pubitemid 41595218)
53. Pratt, D. S., & Kaplan, M. M. (2000). Evaluation of abnormal liverenzyme results in asymptomatic patients. The New England Journal of Medicine, 342, 1266-1271. (Pubitemid 30235957)
54. Puukka, K., Hietala, J., Koivisto, H., Anttila, P., Bloigu, R., & Niemela, O. (2006). Additive effects of moderate drinking and obesity on serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 83, 1351-1354; quiz 1448-1359. (Pubitemid 44713066)
55. Rehm, J., Room, R., Graham, K., Monteiro, M., Gmel, G., & Sempos, C. T. (2003). The relationship of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking to burden of disease: An overview. Addiction, 98, 1209-1228. (Pubitemid 37082815)
56. Ruhl, C. E., & Everhart, J. E. (2009). Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase and mortality in the United States population. Gastroenterology, 136, 477-485.
57. Ruhl, C. E., & Everhart, J. E. (2010). Trunk fat is associated with increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase in the United States. Gastroenterology, 138, 1346-1356, 1356 e1341-1343.
58. SAMHSA. (2006). The role of biomarkers in the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Substance abuse and mental health services administration (SAMHSA). Substance Abuse Treatment Advisory, 5.
59. Sato, K. K., Hayashi, T., Nakamura, Y., Harita, N., Yoneda, T., Endo, G., et al. (2008). Liver enzymes compared with alcohol consumption in predicting the risk of type 2 diabetes: The Kansai Healthcare Study. Diabetes Care, 31, 1230-1236.
60. Sharpe, P. C. (2001). Biochemical detection and monitoring of alcohol abuse and abstinence. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 38, 652-664. (Pubitemid 33702271)
61. St George, A., Bauman, A., Johnston, A., Farrell, G., Chey, T., & George, J. (2009). Effect of a lifestyle intervention in patients with abnormal liver enzymes and metabolic risk factors. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 24, 399-407.
62. Stockwell, T., Donath, S., Cooper-Stanbury, M., Chikritzhs, T., Catalano, P., & Mateo, C. (2004). Under-reporting of alcohol consumption in household surveys: A comparison of quantity-frequency, graduated-frequency and recent recall. Addiction, 99, 1024-1033. (Pubitemid 39452814)
63. Stranges, S., Dorn, J. M., Muti, P., Freudenheim, J. L., Farinaro, E., Russell, M., et al. (2004a). Body fat distribution, relative weight, and liver enzyme levels: A population-based study. Hepatology, 39, 754-763. (Pubitemid 38337655)
64. Stranges, S., Freudenheim, J. L., Muti, P., Farinaro, E., Russell, M., Nochajski, T. H., et al. (2004b). Differential effects of alcohol drinking pattern on liver enzymes in men and women. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 28, 949-956. (Pubitemid 38780572)
65. Stranges, S., Notaro, J., Freudenheim, J. L., Calogero, R. M., Muti, P., Farinaro, E., et al. (2006). Alcohol drinking pattern and subjective health in a population-based study. Addiction, 101, 1265-1276. (Pubitemid 44199517)
66. Sullivan, P. W., Ghushchyan, V., & Ben-Joseph, R. H. (2008). The effect of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors on expenditures and productivity in the United States. Obesity (Silver Spring), 16, 2155-2162.
67. Targher, G. (2010). Elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity is associated with increased risk of mortality, incident type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular events, chronic kidney disease and cancer-a narrative review. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 48, 147-157.
68. Tsai, J., Floyd, R. L., & O' Connor, M. J. (2008). Paradigms for alcohol use and co-occurring behavioral health risk factors among women of childbearing age. In K. I. DiGuarde (Ed.), Binge drinking research progress (pp. 87-100). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
69. Tsai, J., Ford, E. S., Li, C., Pearson, W. S., & Zhao, G. (2010a). Binge drinking and suboptimal self-rated health among adult drinkers. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 34, 1-7.
70. Tsai, J., Ford, E. S., Li, C., Zhao, G., Pearson, W. S., & Balluz, L. S. (2010b). Multiple healthy behaviors and optimal self-rated health: Findings from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey. Preventive Medicine, 51, 268-274.
71. USPSTF. (2004). Screening for obesity in adults: Recommendations and rationale. American Journal of Nursing, 104, 94-95, 97-98, 100.
72. Valencia-Martin, J. L., Galan, I., & Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (2009). Alcohol and self-rated health in a Mediterranean country: The role of average volume, drinking pattern, and alcohol dependence. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 33, 240-246.
73. Vanbuskirk, K., & Potenza, M. (2010). The treatment of obesity and its co-occurrence with substance use disorders. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 4, 1-10.
74. Visscher, T. L., & Seidell, J. C. (2001). The public health impact of obesity. Annual Review of Public Health, 22, 355-375. (Pubitemid 32452512)
75. Vozarova, B., Stefan, N., Lindsay, R. S., Saremi, A., Pratley, R. E., Bogardus, C., et al. (2002). High alanine aminotransferase is associated with decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity and predicts the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 51, 1889-1895. (Pubitemid 34564303)
76. WHO. (2000). Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) Technical Report. Series 894.
77. Zhao, G., Ford, E. S., Li, C., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009a). Weight control behaviors in overweight/obese US adults with diagnosed hypertension and diabetes. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 8, 13.
78. Zhao, G., Ford, E. S., Li, C., Strine, T. W., Dhingra, S., Berry, J. T., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009b). Serious psychological distress and its associations with body mass index: Findings from the 2007 behavioral risk factor surveillance system. International Journal of Public Health, 54, 30-36.