메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 189-200

Androgen receptor directed therapies in castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer

Author keywords

Abiraterone; Androgen receptor antagonists; ARN 509; CYP17 inhibitors; Galeterone; MDV3100; Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer; Orteronel

Indexed keywords

4 [3 [4 CYANO 3 (TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL] 5,5 DIMETHYL 4 OXO 2 THIOXO 1 IMIDAZOLIDINYL] 2 FLUORO N METHYLBENZAMIDE; ABIRATERONE; ABIRATERONE ACETATE; ANDROGEN; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; ANTIANDROGEN; ARN 509; BICALUTAMIDE; CABAZITAXEL; DOCETAXEL; FLUTAMIDE; GALETERONE; GONADORELIN AGONIST; GONADORELIN ANTAGONIST; KETOCONAZOLE; MITOXANTRONE; NILUTAMIDE; ORTERONEL; PLACEBO; PREDNISONE; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; SIPULEUCEL T; TESTOSTERONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84863727226     PISSN: 15272729     EISSN: 15346277     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11864-012-0188-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (41)
  • 1
    • 84928580276 scopus 로고
    • Studies on prostatic cancer, effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate
    • Huggins C, Hodges CV. Studies on prostatic cancer, effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer Res. 1941;1: 293-7.
    • (1941) Cancer Res. , vol.1 , pp. 293-297
    • Huggins, C.1    Hodges, C.V.2
  • 2
    • 0024324367 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma
    • Crawford ED, Eisenberger MA, McLoed DG, et al. A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:419-24.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med. , vol.321 , pp. 419-424
    • Crawford, E.D.1    Eisenberger, M.A.2    McLoed, D.G.3
  • 3
    • 0030915668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-Term efficacy and safety of nilutamide plus castration in advanced stage prostate cancer, and the significance of early prostate specific antigen normalization
    • Dijkman GA, Janknegt RA, De Reijke THM, et al. Long-Term efficacy and safety of nilutamide plus castration in advanced stage prostate cancer, and the significance of early prostate specific antigen normalization. J Urol. 1997;158:160-3.
    • (1997) J Urol. , vol.158 , pp. 160-163
    • Dijkman, G.A.1    Janknegt, R.A.2    De Reijke, T.H.M.3
  • 4
    • 0032497522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer
    • Eisenberger MA, Blumenstein BA, Crawford ED, et al. Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1036-42.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med. , vol.339 , pp. 1036-1042
    • Eisenberger, M.A.1    Blumenstein, B.A.2    Crawford, E.D.3
  • 5
    • 0042978480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgen receptor gene amplification and protein expression in hormone refractory prostate cancer
    • Edwards J, Krishna NS, Grigor KM, et al. Androgen receptor gene amplification and protein expression in hormone refractory prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 2003;89:552-6.
    • (2003) Br J Cancer. , vol.89 , pp. 552-556
    • Edwards, J.1    Krishna, N.S.2    Grigor, K.M.3
  • 6
    • 1542574202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression analysis of human prostate carcinoma during hormonal therapy identifies androgen-responsive genes and mechanisms of therapy resistance
    • Holzbeierlein J, Lal P, LaTulippe E, et al. Gene expression analysis of human prostate carcinoma during hormonal therapy identifies androgen-responsive genes and mechanisms of therapy resistance. Am J Pathol. 2004;164:217-27.
    • (2004) Am J Pathol. , vol.164 , pp. 217-227
    • Holzbeierlein, J.1    Lal, P.2    LaTulippe, E.3
  • 7
    • 33645056171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of genes converting adrenal androgens to testosterone in androgen-independent prostate cancer
    • Stanbrough M, Bubley GJ, Ross K, et al. Increased expression of genes converting adrenal androgens to testosterone in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2006;66:2815-25.
    • (2006) Cancer Res. , vol.66 , pp. 2815-2825
    • Stanbrough, M.1    Bubley, G.J.2    Ross, K.3
  • 8
    • 0033152164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection for androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancers treated with androgen antagonist
    • Taplin ME, Bubley GJ, Ko YJ, et al. Selection for androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancers treated with androgen antagonist. Cancer Res. 1999;59:2511-5.
    • (1999) Cancer Res. , vol.59 , pp. 2511-2515
    • Taplin, M.E.1    Bubley, G.J.2    Ko, Y.J.3
  • 9
    • 77955296562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Castration resistance in human prostate cancer is conferred by a frequently occurring androgen receptor splice variant
    • Sun S, Sprenger CC, Vessella RL, et al. Castration resistance in human prostate cancer is conferred by a frequently occurring androgen receptor splice variant. J Clin Invest. 2010;120:2715-30.
    • (2010) J Clin Invest. , vol.120 , pp. 2715-2730
    • Sun, S.1    Sprenger, C.C.2    Vessella, R.L.3
  • 10
    • 65549168746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel androgen receptor splice variant is up-regulated during prostate cancer progression and promotes androgen depletion-resistant growth
    • Guo Z, Yang X, Sun F, et al. A novel androgen receptor splice variant is up-regulated during prostate cancer progression and promotes androgen depletion-resistant growth. Cancer Res. 2009;69:2305-13.
    • (2009) Cancer Res. , vol.69 , pp. 2305-2313
    • Guo, Z.1    Yang, X.2    Sun, F.3
  • 11
    • 0027487289 scopus 로고
    • Importance of continued testicular suppression in hormone-refractory prostate cancer
    • Taylor CD, Elson P, Trump DL. Importance of continued testicular suppression in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11:2167-72.
    • (1993) J Clin Oncol. , vol.11 , pp. 2167-2172
    • Taylor, C.D.1    Elson, P.2    Trump, D.L.3
  • 12
    • 4744366279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer
    • Tannock IF, de Wit R, Berry WR, et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1502-12.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med. , vol.351 , pp. 1502-1512
    • Tannock, I.F.1    De Wit, R.2    Berry, W.R.3
  • 13
    • 77955066199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer
    • Kantoff PW, Higano CS, Shore ND, et al: Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 363:411-22
    • N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 411-422
    • Kantoff, P.W.1    Higano, C.S.2    Shore, N.D.3
  • 14
    • 77957682309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: A randomised open-label trial
    • de Bono JS, Oudard S, Ozguroglu M, et al: Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: A randomised open-label trial. Lancet. 376:1147-54
    • Lancet , vol.376 , pp. 1147-1154
    • De Bono, J.S.1    Oudard, S.2    Ozguroglu, M.3
  • 15
    • 79957443342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer
    • First phase III trial showing survival advantage in men with mCRPC treated with AR-directed therapy
    • de Bono JS, Logothetis CJ, Molina A, et al. Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1995-2005. First phase III trial showing survival advantage in men with mCRPC treated with AR-directed therapy.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med. , vol.364 , pp. 1995-2005
    • De Bono, J.S.1    Logothetis, C.J.2    Molina, A.3
  • 16
    • 80054021222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intratumoral de novo steroid synthesis activates androgen receptor in castration-resistant prostate cancer and is upregulated by treatmentwith CYP17A1 inhibitors
    • AR-dependent intratumoral steroid synthesis was shown to be upregulated after treatment with abiraterone in this study, providing a mechanism for the development of resistance to abiraterone (and other CYP17 inhibitors
    • Cai C, Chen S, Ng P, et al. Intratumoral de novo steroid synthesis activates androgen receptor in castration-resistant prostate cancer and is upregulated by treatmentwith CYP17A1 inhibitors. Cancer Res. 2011;71:6503-13. AR-dependent intratumoral steroid synthesis was shown to be upregulated after treatment with abiraterone in this study, providing a mechanism for the development of resistance to abiraterone (and other CYP17 inhibitors).
    • (2011) Cancer Res. , vol.71 , pp. 6503-6513
    • Cai, C.1    Chen, S.2    Ng, P.3
  • 17
    • 84948006407 scopus 로고
    • Ketoconazole blocks testosterone synthesis
    • Pont A, Williams PL, Azhar S, et al. Ketoconazole blocks testosterone synthesis. Arch Intern Med. 1982;142:2137-40.
    • (1982) Arch Intern Med. , vol.142 , pp. 2137-2140
    • Pont, A.1    Williams, P.L.2    Azhar, S.3
  • 18
    • 0022620562 scopus 로고
    • Effects of high dose ketoconazole therapy on the main plasma testicular and adrenal steroids in previously untreated prostatic cancer patients
    • De Coster R, Caers I, Coene MC, et al. Effects of high dose ketoconazole therapy on the main plasma testicular and adrenal steroids in previously untreated prostatic cancer patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1986;24:657-64.
    • (1986) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). , vol.24 , pp. 657-664
    • De Coster, R.1    Caers, I.2    Coene, M.C.3
  • 19
    • 0038062686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of novel 17alpha-hydroxylase/C17, 20-lyase (P450 17, CYP 17) inhibitors on androgen biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo
    • Haidar S, Ehmer PB, Barassin S, et al. Effects of novel 17alpha-hydroxylase/C17, 20-lyase (P450 17, CYP 17) inhibitors on androgen biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2003;84:555-62.
    • (2003) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. , vol.84 , pp. 555-562
    • Haidar, S.1    Ehmer, P.B.2    Barassin, S.3
  • 20
    • 0030999075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketoconazole retains activity in advanced prostate cancer patients with progression despite flutamide withdrawal
    • Small EJ, Baron AD, Fippin L, et al. Ketoconazole retains activity in advanced prostate cancer patients with progression despite flutamide withdrawal. J Urol. 1997;157:1204-7.
    • (1997) J Urol. , vol.157 , pp. 1204-1207
    • Small, E.J.1    Baron, A.D.2    Fippin, L.3
  • 21
    • 1842457650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiandrogen withdrawal alone or in combination with ketoconazole in androgen-independent prostate cancer patients: A phase III trial (CALGB 9583
    • Small E, Halabi S, Dawson NA, et al. Antiandrogen withdrawal alone or in combination with ketoconazole in androgen-independent prostate cancer patients: A phase III trial (CALGB 9583). J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:1025-33.
    • (2004) J Clin Oncol. , vol.22 , pp. 1025-1033
    • Small, E.1    Halabi, S.2    Dawson, N.A.3
  • 22
    • 0028031372 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of novel steroidal inhibitors of cytochrome P450(17) alpha (17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase
    • Barrie SE, Potter GA, Goddard PM, et al. Pharmacology of novel steroidal inhibitors of cytochrome P450(17) alpha (17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1994;50:267-73.
    • (1994) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. , vol.50 , pp. 267-273
    • Barrie, S.E.1    Potter, G.A.2    Goddard, P.M.3
  • 23
    • 0029058770 scopus 로고
    • Novel steroidal inhibitors of human cytochrome P45017 alpha (17 alpha-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase): Potential agents for the treatment of prostatic cancer
    • Potter GA, Barrie SE, Jarman M, et al. Novel steroidal inhibitors of human cytochrome P45017 alpha (17 alpha-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase): Potential agents for the treatment of prostatic cancer. J Med Chem. 1995;38:2463-71.
    • (1995) J Med Chem. , vol.38 , pp. 2463-2471
    • Potter, G.A.1    Barrie, S.E.2    Jarman, M.3
  • 24
    • 53749090666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I clinical trial of a selective inhibitor of CYP17, abiraterone acetate, confirms that castration-resistant prostate cancer commonly remains hormone driven
    • Attard G, Reid AH, Yap TA, et al. Phase I clinical trial of a selective inhibitor of CYP17, abiraterone acetate, confirms that castration-resistant prostate cancer commonly remains hormone driven. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:4563-71.
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol. , vol.26 , pp. 4563-4571
    • Attard, G.1    Reid, A.H.2    Yap, T.A.3
  • 25
    • 77951523950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I clinical trial of the CYP17 inhibitor abiraterone acetate demonstrating clinical activity in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer who received prior ketoconazole therapy
    • These early phase studies demonstrated 1) the clinical efficacy of abiraterone, even in patients who had been pretreated with ketoconazole, proof that the greater potency of abiraterone over ketoconazole shown in the preclinical setting has clinical relevance;2) the necessity of concomitant steroid administration
    • Ryan CJ, Smith MR, Fong L, et al. Phase I clinical trial of the CYP17 inhibitor abiraterone acetate demonstrating clinical activity in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer who received prior ketoconazole therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:1481-8. These early phase studies demonstrated 1) the clinical efficacy of abiraterone, even in patients who had been pretreated with ketoconazole, proof that the greater potency of abiraterone over ketoconazole shown in the preclinical setting has clinical relevance; 2) the necessity of concomitant steroid administration.
    • (2010) J Clin Oncol. , vol.28 , pp. 1481-1488
    • Ryan, C.J.1    Smith, M.R.2    Fong, L.3
  • 26
    • 68949094223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective inhibition of CYP17with abiraterone acetate is highly active in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer
    • References 25,26: These early phase studies demonstrated 1) the clinical efficacy of abiraterone, even in patients who had been pretreated with ketoconazole, proof that the greater potency of abiraterone over ketoconazole shown in the preclinical setting has clinical relevance; 2) the necessity of concomitant steroid administration
    • Attard G, Reid AH, A'Hern R, et al. Selective inhibition of CYP17with abiraterone acetate is highly active in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:3742-8. References 25,26: These early phase studies demonstrated 1) the clinical efficacy of abiraterone, even in patients who had been pretreated with ketoconazole, proof that the greater potency of abiraterone over ketoconazole shown in the preclinical setting has clinical relevance; 2) the necessity of concomitant steroid administration.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol. , vol.27 , pp. 3742-3748
    • Attard, G.1    Reid, A.H.2    A'Hern, R.3
  • 27
    • 11144354613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C17,20-lyase inhibitors I. Structure-based de novo design and SAR study of C17,20-lyase inhibitors
    • Matsunaga N, Kaku T, Itoh F, et al. C17,20-lyase inhibitors I. Structure-based de novo design and SAR study of C17,20-lyase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem. 2004;12:2251-73.
    • (2004) Bioorg Med Chem. , vol.12 , pp. 2251-2273
    • Matsunaga, N.1    Kaku, T.2    Itoh, F.3
  • 28
    • 78649523986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of TAK-700 in metastatic castration-resistant prostrate cancer: A phase I/II, open-label study
    • Phase I/II study demonstrating the clinical efficacy of orteronel, including in a group of patients who did not receive prednisone. The rate of adverse events related to secondary mineralocorticoid excess was low, lending support to the hypothesis that orteronel may be administered without steroids. This remains to be seen
    • Dreicer R, Agus DB, MacVicar GR, et al. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of TAK-700 in metastatic castration-resistant prostrate cancer: A phase I/II, open-label study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:15s. Phase I/II study demonstrating the clinical efficacy of orteronel, including in a group of patients who did not receive prednisone. The rate of adverse events related to secondary mineralocorticoid excess was low, lending support to the hypothesis that orteronel may be administered without steroids. This remains to be seen.
    • (2010) J Clin Oncol. , vol.28
    • Dreicer, R.1    Agus, D.B.2    MacVicar, G.R.3
  • 29
    • 84872217299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rate of adverse events related to secondarymineralocorticoid excesswas low, lending support to the hypothesis that orteronel may be administered without steroids. This remains to be seen
    • Agus DB, Stadler WM, Shevrin D, et al. Safety, efficacy, and pharmacodynamics of the investigational agent TAK-700 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Updated data froma phase 1/2 study. Chicago: American Society of ClinicalOncology; 2011. Phase I/II study demonstrating the clinical efficacy of orteronel, including in a group of patients who did not receive prednisone. The rate of adverse events related to secondarymineralocorticoid excesswas low, lending support to the hypothesis that orteronel may be administered without steroids. This remains to be seen.
    • (2011) Phase I/II Study Demonstrating the Clinical Efficacy of Orteronel, Including in a Group of Patients who did not Receive Prednisone
    • Agus, D.B.1    Stadler, W.M.2    Shevrin, D.3
  • 30
    • 53349101498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgen receptor inactivation contributes to antitumor efficacy of 17{alpha}-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase inhibitor 3beta-hydroxy-17-(1H-benzimidazole- 1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene in prostate cancer
    • Vasaitis T, Belosay A, Schayowitz A, et al. Androgen receptor inactivation contributes to antitumor efficacy of 17{alpha}-hydroxylase/17,20- lyase inhibitor 3beta-hydroxy-17-(1H-benzimidazole-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008;7:2348-57.
    • (2008) Mol Cancer Ther. , vol.7 , pp. 2348-2357
    • Vasaitis, T.1    Belosay, A.2    Schayowitz, A.3
  • 31
    • 0029048617 scopus 로고
    • Prostate specific antigen after gonadal androgen withdrawal and deferred flutamide treatment
    • Fowler JE, Pandey P, Seaver LE, et al. Prostate specific antigen after gonadal androgen withdrawal and deferred flutamide treatment. J Urol. 1995;154:448-53.
    • (1995) J Urol. , vol.154 , pp. 448-453
    • Fowler, J.E.1    Pandey, P.2    Seaver, L.E.3
  • 32
    • 0029084601 scopus 로고
    • The antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome: Experience in a large cohort of unselected patients with advanced prostate cancer
    • Small EJ, Srinivas S. The antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome: Experience in a large cohort of unselected patients with advanced prostate cancer. Cancer. 1995;76:1428-34.
    • (1995) Cancer. , vol.76 , pp. 1428-1434
    • Small, E.J.1    Srinivas, S.2
  • 33
    • 1842612441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular determinants of resistance to antiandrogen therapy
    • Chen CD, Welsbie DS, Tran C, et al. Molecular determinants of resistance to antiandrogen therapy. Nat Med. 2004;10:33-9.
    • (2004) Nat Med. , vol.10 , pp. 33-39
    • Chen, C.D.1    Welsbie, D.S.2    Tran, C.3
  • 34
    • 65649090203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a second-generation antiandrogen for treatment of advanced prostate cancer
    • Characterization of MDV3100, including rationale for its selection for clinical development
    • Tran C, Ouk S, Clegg NJ, et al. Development of a second-generation antiandrogen for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Science. 2009;324:787-90. Characterization of MDV3100, including rationale for its selection for clinical development.
    • (2009) Science. , vol.324 , pp. 787-790
    • Tran, C.1    Ouk, S.2    Clegg, N.J.3
  • 35
    • 77952105685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumour activity of MDV3100 in castration-resistant prostate cancer: A phase 1-2 study
    • The clinical efficacy of MDV3100 was demonstrated in this early phase study of 140 men with mCRPC. Concern were raised regarding the risk of seizures with MDV3100, as 3 seizure events (2 witnessed and 1 possible) were reported
    • ScherHI, Beer TM,HiganoCS, et al. Antitumour activity of MDV3100 in castration-resistant prostate cancer: A phase 1-2 study. Lancet. 2010;375:1437-46. The clinical efficacy of MDV3100 was demonstrated in this early phase study of 140 men with mCRPC. Concern were raised regarding the risk of seizures with MDV3100, as 3 seizure events (2 witnessed and 1 possible) were reported.
    • (2010) Lancet. , vol.375 , pp. 1437-1446
    • Scher, H.I.1    Beer, T.M.2    Higano, C.S.3
  • 36
    • 84858114087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of MDV3100 an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI), on overal survival in patient with prostate cancer postdocetaxel: Results from the phase III AFFIRMstudy
    • abstr LBA1. After planned interim analysis at 520 deaths, the study was unblinded and patient on placebo were offered treatment with MDV3100 based on the significant im-provement in overall survival in patient treated with MDV3100
    • Scher, HI: Effect of MDV3100 an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI), on overal survival in patient with prostate cancer postdocetaxel: Results from the phase III AFFIRMstudy. J ClinOncol. 2012;30(suppl 5, abstr LBA1). After planned interim analysis at 520 deaths, the study was unblinded and patient on placebo were offered treatment with MDV3100 based on the significant im-provement in overall survival in patient treated with MDV3100.
    • (2012) J ClinOncol. , vol.30 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Scher, H.I.1
  • 37
    • 84863728918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into the prostate cancer genome and therapeutic implications state of the science report
    • Presented at the, Washington D.C.
    • Sawyers CL: New Insights into the Prostate Cancer Genome and Therapeutic Implications, State of the Science Report. Presented at the 17th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation Scientific Retreat, Washington D.C., 2010
    • (2010) 17th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation Scientific Retreat
    • Sawyers, C.L.1
  • 38
    • 58249110391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligand-independent androgen receptor variants derived from splicing of cryptic exons signify hormone-refractory prostate cancer
    • Hu R, Dunn TA, Wei S, et al. Ligand-independent androgen receptor variants derived from splicing of cryptic exons signify hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2009;69:16-22.
    • (2009) Cancer Res. , vol.69 , pp. 16-22
    • Hu, R.1    Dunn, T.A.2    Wei, S.3
  • 39
    • 77954255681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrative genomic profiling of human prostate cancer
    • Taylor BS, Schultz N, Hieronymus H, et al. Integrative genomic profiling of human prostate cancer. Cancer Cell. 2010;18:11-22.
    • (2010) Cancer Cell. , vol.18 , pp. 11-22
    • Taylor, B.S.1    Schultz, N.2    Hieronymus, H.3
  • 40
    • 79955975429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal feedback regulation of PI3K and androgen receptor signaling in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer
    • This study implicates other signaling pathways (such as PI3K) in resistance to AR-directed therapies, suggesting that the interaction of these pathways with the AR signaling pathway must be an area of ongoing preclinical and clinical research
    • Carver BS, Chapinski C, Wongvipat J, et al. Reciprocal Feedback Regulation of PI3K and Androgen Receptor Signaling in PTEN-Deficient Prostate Cancer. Cancer Cell. 2011;19:575-86. This study implicates other signaling pathways (such as PI3K) in resistance to AR-directed therapies, suggesting that the interaction of these pathways with the AR signaling pathway must be an area of ongoing preclinical and clinical research.
    • (2011) Cancer Cell. , vol.19 , pp. 575-586
    • Carver, B.S.1    Chapinski, C.2    Wongvipat, J.3
  • 41
    • 80052808323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taxane-induced blockade to nuclear accumulation of the androgen receptor predicts clinical responses in metastatic prostate cancer
    • Darshan MS, Loftus MS, Thadani-Mulero M, et al. Taxane-induced blockade to nuclear accumulation of the androgen receptor predicts clinical responses in metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2011;71:6019-29.
    • (2011) Cancer Res. , vol.71 , pp. 6019-6029
    • Darshan, M.S.1    Loftus, M.S.2    Thadani-Mulero, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.