Cardiovascular Disease in Asian Indians Living in the United States

Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 240-245

  Boparai, Jasmine ^a   Davila, Himara ^a   Chandalia, Manisha ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BRANCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Asian Indians; Cardiovascular disease; Dyslipidemia; Insulin resistance; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

ADIPONECTIN; FATTY ACID; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

BODY FAT; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DYSLIPIDEMIA; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INDIAN; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; SMOKING; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84863633482     PISSN: 19329520     EISSN: 19329563     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12170-011-0171-7     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Reddy KS. Cardiovascular disease in India. WHO Stat Q. 1993; 46: 101-7.
2. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004; 364(9438): 937-52.
3. dUS Census Bureau population projections 2009.
4. McKeigue PM, Miller GJ, Marmot MG. Coronary heart disease in south Asians overseas: a review. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989; 42: 597-609.
5. Tunstall Pedoe H, Clayton D, Morris JN, Bridgen W, McDonald L. Coronary heart-attacks in East London. Lancet. 1975; 2(7940): 833-8.
6. McKeigue PM, Marmot MG, Adelstein AM, et al. Diet and risk factors for coronary heart disease in Asians in northwest London. Lancet. 1985; 2: 1086-90.
7. Balarajan R. Ethnic differences in mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in England and Wales. Br Med J. 1991; 302: 560-4.
8. Klatsky et al. The risk of hospitalization for ischemic heart disease among Asian Americans in Northern California. Am J Public Health. 1994; 84(10).
9. Anand SS, Yusuf S, Vuksan V, et al. Differences in risk factors, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease between ethnic groups in Canada: the Study of Health Assessment and Risk in Ethnic groups (SHARE). Lancet. 2000; 356: 279-84.
10. Amin et al. The effect of ethnicity on the relationship between premature coronary artery disease and traditional cardiac risk factors among uninsured young adults. Prev Cardiol. 2009; 12: 128-35.
11. Palaniappan et al. Coronary heart disease mortality for six ethnic groups in California, 1990-2000. AEP. 2004; 14(7): 499-506.
12. McKeigue PM, Shah B, Marmot MG. Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians. Lancet. 1991; 337: 382-6.
13. Balarajan R, Yuen P. British smoking and drinking habits: regional variations. Community Med. 1986; 8(2): 131-7.
14. Miller GJ, Kotecha S, Wilkinson WH, Wilkes H, Stirling Y, Sanders TA, et al. Dietary and other characteristics relevant for coronary heart disease in men of Indian, West Indian and European descent in London. Atherosclerosis. 1988; 70(1-2): 63-72.
15. Ye J, Rust G, Baltrus P, Daniels E. Cardiovasular risk factors among asian americans: results from a National health survey. Ann Epidemiol. 2009; 19: 718-23. This article assessed the prevalence of major CVD risk factors among Chinese, Asian Indian, Filipino, and other Asian populations compared to non-Hispanic whites in the United States by analyzing aggregated data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2003 to 2005.
16. McKeigue PM, Pierpoint T, Ferrie JE, Marmot MG. Relationship of glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia to body fat pattern in south Asians and Europeans. Diabetologia. 1992; 35: 785-91.
17. Misra R, Patel T, Kotha P, Raji A, Ganda O, Banerji M, et al. Prevalence of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk factors in US Asian Indians: results from a national study. J Diabetes Complications. 2010; 24(3): 145-53.
18. Knight TM, Smith Z, Whittles A, et al. Insulin resistance, diabetes, and risk markers for ischaemic heart disease in Asian men and non-Asian in Bradford. Br Heart J. 1992; 67: 343-50.
19. Laws A, Jeppesen JL, Maheux PC, Schaaf P, Chen YD, Reaven GM. Resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and dyslipidemia in Asian Indians. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994; 14: 917-22.
20. Hughes LO, Cruickshank JK, Wright J, Raftery EB. Disturbances of insulin in British Asian and white men surviving myocardial infarction. Br Med J. 1989; 299: 537-41.
21. Dhawan J, Bray CL, Warburton R, Ghambhir DS, Morris J. Insulin resistance, high prevalence of diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in immigrant Asians. Genetic or environmental effect? Br Heart J. 1994; 72: 413-21.
22. Chandalia M, Abate N, Garg A, Stray-Gundersen J, Grundy SM. Relationship between generalized and upper body obesity to insulin resistance in Asian Indian men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999; 84(7): 2329-35.
23. Abate N, Chandalia M, Di Paola R, Foster DW, Grundy SM, Trischitta V. Mechanisms of disease: ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 as a 'gatekeeper' of insulin receptors. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2006; 2(12): 694-701.
24. Abate N, Carulli L, Cabo-Chan Jr A, Chandalia M, Snell PG, Grundy SM. Genetic polymorphism PC-1 K121Q and ethnic susceptibility to insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88(12): 5927-34.
25. Endler G et al. The K121Q polymorphism in the plasma cell membrane glycoprotein 1 gene predisposes to early myocardial infarction. J Mol Med. 2002; 80: 791-5.
26. Bacci S et al. The K121Q polymorphism of the ENPP1/PC-1 gene is associated with insulin resistance/atherogenic phenotypes, including earlier onset of type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction. Diabetes. 2005; 54: 3021-302.
27. Abate N, Chandalia M, Satija P, Adams-Huet B, Grundy SM, Sandeep S, et al. ENPP1/PC-1 K121Q polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2005; 54(4): 1207-13.
28. WHO expert consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004; 363: 157-63.
29. Yusuf S, INTERHEART Study Investigators, et al. Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27, 000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study. Lancet. 2005; 366: 1640-9.
30. Chandalia M, Lin P, Seenivasan T, Livingston EH, Snell PG, Grundy SM, et al. Insulin resistance and body fat distribution in South Asian men compared to Caucasian men. PLoS ONE. 2007; 2(8): e812.
31. Abate N, Chandalia M, Snell PG, Grundy SM. Adipose tissue metabolites and insulin resistance in nondiabetic Asian Indian men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89(6): 2750-5.
32. Liang J, Fu M, Ciociola E, Chandalia M, Abate N. Role of ENPP1 on adipocyte maturation. PLoS ONE. 2007; 2(9): e882.
33. Smith J, Cianflone K, Al-Amri M, Sniderman A. Body composition and the apoB/apoA-I ratio in migrant Asian Indians and white Caucasians in Canada. Clin Sci (Lond). 2006; 111(3): 201-7.
34. Zhang L, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, Janus ED, Lam TH, Ramachandran A, Mohan V, Stehouwer CD, Dong Y, Nakagami T, Onat A, Söderberg S.: DECODE/DECODA Study Group. Istinct ethnic differences in lipid profiles across glucose categories. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 95(4): 1793-801. This study analyzes data from 31 study cohorts from 12 countries and demonstrates distinct patterns of lipid profiles associated with ethnicity regardless of the glucose levels, suggesting that ethnic-specific strategies and guidelines on risk assessment and prevention of cardiovascular disease are required.
35. Chandalia M, Mohan V, Adams-Huet B, Deepa R, Abate N. Ethnic difference in sex gap in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol between Asian Indians and Whites. J Investig Med. 2008; 56(3): 574-80.
36. Danesh J, Collins R, Peto R. Lipoprotein(a) and coronary heart disease. Meta-analysis of prospective studies. Circulation. 2000; 102(10): 1082-5.
37. Bhatnagar D, Anand IS, Durrington PN, Patel DJ, Wander GS, Mackness MI, et al. Coronary risk factors in people from the Indian subcontinent living in west London and their siblings in India. Lancet. 1995; 345(8947): 405-9.
38. Chandalia M, Abate N, Cabo-Chan Jr AV, Devaraj S, Jialal I, Grundy SM. Hyperhomocysteinemia in Asian Indians living in the United States. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88(3): 1089-95.
39. Chandalia M, Cabo-Chan Jr AV, Devaraj S, Jialal I, Grundy SM, Abate N. Elevated plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations in Asian Indians living in the United States. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88(8): 3773-6.
40. Forouhi NG, Rumley A, Lowe GD, McKeigue P, Sattar N. Specific elevation in plasma tissue plasminogen activator antigen concentrations in South Asians relative to Europeans. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2003; 14: 755-60.
41. http://www. whitehouse. gov/the-press-office/executive-order-asian-american-and-pacific-islander-community.
42. Alexander GA, Chu KC, Ho RC. Representation of Asian Americans in clinical cancer trials. Ann Epidemiol. 2000; 10(8 Suppl): S61-7.
43. South Asian Health Foundation Consensus Statement 2006. Dyslipidemia management in South Asians. 2006. Available at http://www. sahf. org. uk/Version_9_SAHF_statement. pdf (accessed September 13, 2007).
44. Aarabi M, Jackson PR. Predicting coronary risk in UK South Asians: an adjustment method for Framingham-based tools. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2005; 12: 46-51.