Stratospheric mean residence time and mean age on the tropopause: Connections and implications for observational constraints

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 117, Issue 12, 2012, Pages

  Holzer, Mark ^a,b   Orbe, Clara ^b   Primeau, François W ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^b Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University ^*  (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR; CLOUDS; GREEN'S FUNCTION;

FLUID ELEMENT; IDEALIZED MODELS; MEAN RESIDENCE TIME; MEAN TRANSIT TIME; MIXING RATIOS; TRACE-GASES; TRANSIENT TRACERS; TRANSIT-TIME DISTRIBUTIONS; TROPOPAUSE REGION;

ATMOSPHERICS;

AGE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; GREEN FUNCTION; MIXING RATIO; NUMERICAL MODEL; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD; RESIDENCE TIME; STRATOSPHERE; TRACER; TROPOPAUSE;

EID: 84863492880     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2012JD017547     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Björkström, A. (1978), A note on the relation between average age and average transit time in natural reservoirs, Tellus, 30, 185-188.
2. Boering, K. A., S. C. Wofsy, B. C. Daube, H. R. Schneider, M. Loewenstein, and J. R. Podolske (1996), Stratospheric transport rates and mean age distribution derived from observations of atmospheric CO2 and N2O, Science, 274, 1340-1343.
3. Bolin, B., and H. Rhode (1973), A note on the concepts of age distribution and transit time in natural reservoirs, Tellus, 25, 58-62.
4. Eyring, V., et al. (2006), Assessment of temperature, trace species, and ozone in chemistry-climate model simulations of the recent past, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D22308, doi:10.1029/2006JD007327. (Pubitemid 47386238)
5. Gerber, E., and L. Polvani (2009), Stratosphere-troposphere coupling in a relatively simple AGCM: The importance of stratospheric variability, J. Clim., 22, 1920-1933.
6. Haine, T. W. N., H. Zhang, D. Waugh, and M. Holzer (2008), On transittime distributions in unsteady circulation models, Ocean Modell., 21, 35-45.
7. Hall, T. M., and M. Holzer (2003), Advective-diffusive mass flux and implications for stratosphere-troposphere exchange, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(5), 1222, doi:10.1029/2002GL016419.
8. Hall, T. M., and R. A. Plumb (1994), Age as a diagnostic of stratospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1059-1070.
9. Hall, T. M., and D. W. Waugh (1997), Timescales for the stratospheric circulation derived from tracers, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8991-9001.
10. Hall, T. M., and D. W. Waugh (2000), Stratospheric residence time and its relationship to mean age, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6773-6782.
11. Hall, T. M., D. W. Waugh, K. A. Boering, and R. A. Plumb (1999), Evaluation of transport in stratospheric models, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 18,815-18,839.
12. Harnisch, J., R. Borchers, P. Fabian, and M. Maiss (1996), Tropospheric trends for CF4 and C2F6 since 1982 derived from SF2 dated stratospheric air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1099-1102.
13. Holzer, M. (2009a), The path density of interhemispheric surface-to-surface transport. Part I: Development of the diagnostic and illustration with an analytic model, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2159-2171.
14. Holzer, M. (2009b), The path density of interhemispheric surface-to-surface transport. Part II: Transport through the troposphere and stratosphere diagnosed from NCEP data, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2172-2189.
15. Holzer, M., and T. M. Hall (2000), Transit-time and tracer-age distributions in geophysical flows, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3539-3558. (Pubitemid 32040613)
16. Holzer, M., and T. M. Hall (2008), Tropospheric transport climate partitioned by surface origin and transit time, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D08104, doi:10.1029/2007JD009115.
17. Holzer, M., and F. W. Primeau (2006), The diffusive ocean conveyor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L14618, doi:10.1029/2006GL026232. (Pubitemid 44945879)
18. Holzer, M., and F. W. Primeau (2008), The path-density distribution of oceanic surface-to-surface transport, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C01018, doi:10.1029/2006JC003976.
19. Holzer, M., I. G. McKendry, and D. A. Jaffe (2003), Springtime trans-Pacific atmospheric transport from East Asia: A transit-time probability density function approach, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D22), 4708, doi:10.1029/2003JD003558.
20. Holzer, M., F. W. Primeau, W. M. Smethie Jr., and S. Khatiwala (2010), Where and how long ago was water in the western North Atlantic ventilated? Maximum entropy inversions of bottle data from WOCE line A20, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C07005, doi:10.1029/2009JC005750.
21. Johnson, D. G., K. W. Jucks, W. A. Traub, K. V. Chance, G. C. Toon, J. M. Russell III, and M. P. McCormick (1999), Stratospheric age spectra derived from observations of water vapor and methane, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 21,595-21,602.
22. Neu, J. L., and R. A. Plumb (1999), Age of air in a "leaky pipe" model of stratospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19,243-19,255.
23. Nir, A., and S. Lewis (1975), On tracer theory in geophysical systems in the steady and non-steady state. Part I, Tellus, 27, 372-383.
24. Orbe, C., M. Holzer, and L. M. Polvani (2012), Flux distributions as robust diagnostics of stratosphere-troposphere exchange, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D01302, doi:10.1029/2011JD016455.
25. Plumb, R. A. (2002), Stratospheric transport, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 80, 793-809. (Pubitemid 36196002)
26. Polvani, L. M., and P. J. Kushner (2002), Tropospheric response to stratospheric perturbations in a relatively simple general circulation model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(7), 1114, doi:10.1029/2001GL014284.
27. Primeau, F. W. (2005), Characterizing transport between the surface mixed layer and the ocean interior with a forward and adjoint global ocean transport model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 35, 545-564.
28. Primeau, F. W., and M. Holzer (2006), The ocean's memory of the atmosphere: Residence-time and ventilation-rate distributions of water masses, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 1439-1456. (Pubitemid 44355383)
29. Stohl, A., H. Wernli, P. James, M. Bourqui, C. Forster, M. A. Liniger, P. Seibert, and M. Sprenger (2003), A new perspective of stratospheretroposphere exchange, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 84, 1565-1573.
30. Strunk, M., A. Engel, H. Schmidt, C. M. Volk, T. Wetter, I. Levin, and H. Glatzel-Matteier (2000), CO2 and SF2 as stratospheric age tracers: Consistency and the effect of mesospheric SF2-loss, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 341-344.
31. Volk, C. M., J. W. Elkins, D. W. Fahey, G. S. Dutton, J. M. Gilligan, M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolski, K. R. Chan, and M. R. Gunson (1997), Evaluation of source gas lifetimes from stratospheric observations, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25,543-25,564.
32. Waugh, D., and T. Hall (2002), Age of stratospheric air: Theory, observations, and models, Rev. Geophys., 40(4), 1010, doi:10.1029/2000RG000101.
33. Wernli, H., and M. Bourqui (2002), A Lagrangian "1-year climatology" of (deep) cross-tropopause exchange in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D2), 4021, doi:10.1029/2001JD000812.