Erratum: Comparative Study of the Binding of Concanavalin A to Self-Assembled Monolayers Containing a Thiolated ?-Mannoside on Flat Gold and on Nanoporous Gold (Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 31:4:6 (466-503) DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2012.683909);Comparative study of the binding of concanavalin a to self-assembled monolayers containing a thiolated α-mannoside on flat gold and on nanoporous gold

Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry

Volumn 31, Issue 4-6, 2012, Pages 466-503

  Pandey, Binod ^a,b   Tan, Yih Horng ^a,b   Fujikawa, Kohki ^a   Demchenko, Alexei V ^a   Stine, Keith J ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI ST LOUIS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI ST LOUIS   (United States)

Author keywords

8 Mercaptooctyl Dmannopyranoside; Atomic force microscopy; Concanavalin A; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Lectin; Nanoporous gold; Scanning electron microscopy; Self assembled monolayer

Indexed keywords

EID: 84863452365     PISSN: 07328303     EISSN: 15322327     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.905028     Document Type: Erratum

References (103)

1. Saxon, E.; Bertozzi, C.R. Chemical and biological strategies for engineering cell surface glycosylation. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2001, 17(1), 1-23. (Pubitemid 33096169)
2. Muramatsu, T. Developmentally regulated expression of cell surface carbohydrates during mouse embryogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 1988, 36(1), 1-14.
3. Dabelsteen, E. Cell surface carbohydrates as prognostic markers in human carcinomas. J. Pathol. 1996, 179(4), 358-369. (Pubitemid 26276103)
4. Brandley, B.; Schnaar, R. Cell-surface carbohydrates in cell recognition and response. J. Leukoc. Biol. 1986, 40(1), 97-111. (Pubitemid 16067618)
5. Varki, A. Biological roles of oligosaccharides: all of the theories are correct. Glycobiology 1993, 3(2), 97-130. (Pubitemid 23132602)
6. Dube, D.H.; Bertozzi, C.R. Glycans in cancer and inflammation - potential for therapeutics and diagnostics. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2005, 4(6), 477-488. (Pubitemid 40861990)
7. Sharon, N. Lectins: carbohydrate-specific reagents and biological recognition molecules. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282(5), 2753-2764.
8. Sharon, N.; Lis, H. History of lectins: from hemagglutinins to biological recognition molecules. Glycobiology 2004, 14(11), 53R-62R. (Pubitemid 39430025)
9. Sharon, N.; Lis, H. Lectins as cell recognition molecules. Science 1989, 246(4927), 227-234. (Pubitemid 19264635)
10. Porter, J.; Robinson, J.; Pickup, R.; Edwards, C. An evaluation of lectin-mediated magnetic bead cell sorting for the targeted separation of enteric bacteria. J. Appl. Microbiol. 1998, 84(5), 722-732. (Pubitemid 28294463)
11. Pilobello, K.T.; Krishnamoorthy, L.; Slawek, D.; Mahal, L.K. Development of a lectin microarray for the rapid analysis of protein glycopatterns. ChemBioChem 2005, 6(6), 985-989. (Pubitemid 40825336)
12. Lis, H.; Sharon, N. Lectins as molecules and as tools. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1986, 55(1), 35-67. (Pubitemid 16070763)
13. Ambrosi, M.; Cameron, N.R.; Davis, B.G. Lectins: tools for the molecular understanding of the glycocode. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2005, 3(9), 1593-1608. (Pubitemid 40683078)
14. Smith, E.A.; Thomas, W.D.; Kiessling, L.L.; Corn, R.M. Surface plasmon resonance imaging studies of protein-carbohydrate interactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125(20), 6140-6148. (Pubitemid 36582986)
15. Lee, R.T.; Lee, Y.C. Affinity enhancement by multivalent lectin-carbohydrate interaction. Glycoconj. J. 2000, 17(7), 543-551. (Pubitemid 32480343)
16. Wilson, D.S.; Nock, S. Recent developments in protein microarray technology. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42(5), 494-500. (Pubitemid 36232244)
17. Kurella, M.; Hsiao, L.L.; Yoshida, T.; Randall, J.D.; Chow, G.; Sarang, S.S.; Jensen, R.V.; Gullans, S.R. DNA microarray analysis of complex biologic processes. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2001, 12(5), 1072-1078. (Pubitemid 32378349)
18. Schena, M.; Shalon, D.; Davis, R.W.; Brown, P.O. Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science 1995, 270(5235), 467-470.
19. Jelinek, R.; Kolusheva, S. Carbohydrate biosensors. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104(12), 5987-6016.
20. Kiessling, L.L.; Cairo, C.W. Hitting the sweet spot. Nat Biotech 2002, 20(3), 234-235.
21. Ulman, A. Formation and structure of self-assembled monolayers. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96(4), 1533-1554. (Pubitemid 126639367)
22. Tan, Y.H.; Pandey, B.; Sharma, A.; Bhattarai, J.; Stine, K.J. Bioconjugation reactions for covalent coupling of proteins to gold surfaces. Global J. Biochem. 2012, 3, 6.
23. Tan, Y.H.; Liu, M.; Nolting, B.; Go, J.G.; Gervay-Hague, J.; Liu, G.-y. A nanoengineering approach for investigation and regulation of protein immobilization. ACS Nano. 2008, 2(11), 2374-2384.
24. Tan, Y.H.; Schallom, J.R.; Ganesh, N.V.; Fujikawa, K.; Demchenko, A.V.; Stine, K.J. Characterization of protein immobilization on nanoporous gold using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Nanoscale 2011, 3(8), 3395-3407.
25. Yu, J.-j.; Tan, Y.H.; Li, X.; Kuo, P.-K.; Liu, G.-y. A nanoengineering approach to regulate the lateral heterogeneity of self-assembled monolayers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128(35), 11574-11581. (Pubitemid 44338848)
26. Strong, L.; Whitesides, G.M. Structures of self-assembled monolayer films of organosulfur compounds adsorbed on gold single crystals: Electron diffraction studies. Langmuir 1988, 4(3), 546-558.
27. Patel, N.; Davies, M.C.; Hartshorne, M.; Heaton, R.J.; Roberts, C.J.; Tendler, S.J.B.; Williams, P.M. Immobilization of protein molecules onto homogeneous and mixed carboxylate-terminated self-assembled monolayers. Langmuir 1997, 13(24), 6485-6490. (Pubitemid 127592064)
28. Love, J.C.; Estroff, L.A.; Kriebel, J.K.; Nuzzo, R.G.; Whitesides, G.M. Selfassembled monolayers of thiolates on metals as a form of nanotechnology. Chem. Rev. 2005, 105(4), 1103-1170.
29. Houseman, B.T.; Mrksich, M. The role of ligand density in the enzymatic glycosylation of carbohydrates presented on self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38(6), 782-785. (Pubitemid 29146593)
30. Nyquist, R.M.; Eberhardt, A.S.; Silks, L.A.; Li, Z.; Yang, X.; Swanson, B.I. Characterization of self-assembled monolayers for biosensor applications. Langmuir 2000, 16(4), 1793-1800. (Pubitemid 30590690)
31. Lin, C.-C.; Yeh, Y.-C.; Yang, C.-Y.; Chen, G.-F.; Chen, Y.-C.; Wu, Y.-C.; Chen, C.-C. Quantitative analysis of multivalent interactions of carbohydrate-encapsulated gold nanoparticles with concanavalin a. Chem. Commun. 2003, 23, 2920-2921. (Pubitemid 37492859)
32. Sato, Y.; Yoshioka, K.; Tanaka, M.; Murakami, T.; Ishida, M.N.; Niwa, O. Recognition of lectin with a high signal to noise ratio: Carbohydrate- tri(ethylene glycol)- alkanethiol co-adsorbed monolayer. Chem. Commun. 2008, 40, 4909-4911.
33. Dhayal, M.; Ratner, D.M. Xps and spr analysis of glycoarray surface density. Langmuir 2009, 25(4), 2181-2187.
34. Guo, X.; Kulkarni, A.; Doepke, A.; Halsall, H.B.; Iyer, S.; Heineman, W.R. Carbohydrate-based label-free detection of Escherichia coli orn 178 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Anal. Chem. 2011, 84(1), 241-246.
35. Horan, N.; Yan, L.; Isobe, H.; Whitesides, G.M.; Kahne, D. Nonstatistical binding of a protein to clustered carbohydrates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96(21), 11782-11786. (Pubitemid 29502809)
36. Zhang, Y.; Luo, S.; Tang, Y.; Yu, L.; Hou, K.-Y.; Cheng, J.-P.; Zeng, X.; Wang, P.G. Carbohydrate-protein interactions by "clicked" carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78(6), 2001-2008.
37. Szunerits, S.; Niedziǒłka-Jönsson, J.; Boukherroub, R.; Woisel, P.; Baumann, J.- S.b.; Siriwardena, A. Label-free detection of lectins on carbohydrate-modified borondoped diamond surfaces. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82(19), 8203-8210.
38. Prime, K.L.; Whitesides, G.M. Adsorption of proteins onto surfaces containing end-attached oligo(ethylene oxide): A model system using self-assembled monolayers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115(23), 10714-10721.
39. Ostuni, E.; Chapman, R.G.; Holmlin, R.E.; Takayama, S.; Whitesides, G.M. A survey of structure-property relationships of surfaces that resist the adsorption of protein. Langmuir 2001, 17(18), 5605-5620. (Pubitemid 35330800)
40. Liang, M.N.; Smith, S.P.; Metallo, S.J.; Choi, I.S.; Prentiss, M.; Whitesides, G.M. Measuring the forces involved in polyvalent adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to mannose-presenting surfaces. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97(24), 13092-13096.
41. Mann, D.A.; Kanai, M.; Maly, D.J.; Kiessling, L.L. Probing low affinity and multivalent interactions with surface plasmon resonance: ligands for concanavalin a. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120(41), 10575-10582. (Pubitemid 28498799)
42. Revell, D.J.; Knight, J.R.; Blyth, D.J.; Haines, A.H.; Russell, D.A. Self-assembled carbohydrate monolayers: formation and surface selective molecular recognition. Langmuir 1998, 14(16), 4517-4524. (Pubitemid 128595246)
43. Zheng, H.; Du, X. Enhanced binding and biosensing of carbohydratefunctionalized monolayers to target proteins by surface molecular imprinting. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113(32), 11330-11337.
44. Schlick, K.H.; Cloninger, M.J. Inhibition binding studies of glycodendrimer/lectin interactions using surface plasmon resonance. Tetrahedron 2010, 66(29), 5305-5310.
45. Yonzon, C.R.; Jeoung, E.; Zou, S.; Schatz, G.C.; Mrksich, M.; Van Duyne, R.P. A comparative analysis of localized and propagating surface plasmon resonance sensors: the binding of concanavalin A to a monosaccharide functionalized self-assembled monolayer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126(39), 12669-12676. (Pubitemid 39304946)
46. Mizukami, K.; Takakura, H.; Matsunaga, T.; Kitano, H. Binding of ricinus communis agglutinin to a galactose-carrying polymer brush on a colloidal gold monolayer. Colloids Surf. B. Biointerfaces 2008, 66(1), 110-118.
47. Loaiza, O.A.; Lamas-Ardisana, P.J.; Jubete, E.; Ochoteco, E.; Loinaz, I.; Cabãnero, G.N.; Garćia, I.; Penadés, S. Nanostructured disposable impedimetric sensors as tools for specific biomolecular interactions: Sensitive recognition of concanavalin a. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83(8), 2987-2995.
48. Lyu, Y.-K.; Lim, K.-R.; Lee, B.Y.; Kim, K.S.; Lee, W.-Y. Microgravimetric lectin biosensor based on signal amplification using carbohydrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles. Chem. Commun. 2008, 39, 4771-4773.
49. Min, I.-H.; Choi, L.; Ahn, K.-S.; Kim, B.K.; Lee, B.Y.; Kim, K.S.; Choi, H.N.; Lee, W.-Y. Electrochemical determination of carbohydrate-binding proteins using carbohydrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles and silver enhancement. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2010, 26(4), 1326-1331.
50. Qian, X.; Metallo, S.J.; Choi, I.S.; Wu, H.; Liang, M.N.; Whitesides, G.M. Arrays of self-assembled monolayers for studying inhibition of bacterial adhesion. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74(8), 1805-1810. (Pubitemid 34303743)
51. Zhi, Z.-L.; Laurent, N.; Powell, A.K.; Karamanska , R.; Fais , M.; Voglmeir, J.; Wright, A.; Blackburn, J.M.; Crocker, P.R.; Russell, D.A.; Flitsch, S.; Field , R.A.; Turnbull, J.E. A versatile gold surface approach for fabrication and interrogation of glycoarrays. ChemBioChem 2008, 9(10), 1568-1575.
52. Zhi, Z.-L.; Powell, A.K.; Turnbull, J.E. Fabrication of carbohydrate microarrays on gold surfaces: direct attachment of nonderivatized oligosaccharides to hydrazidemodified self-assembled monolayers. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78(14), 4786-4793. (Pubitemid 44100611)
53. Cheng, F.; Ratner, D.M. Glycosylated self-assembled monolayers for arrays and surface analysis. In Carbohydrate Microarrays. Springer: Secaucus, NJ, 2011, pp. 87-101.
54. Lee, M.-R.; Park, S.; Shin, I. Protein microarrays to study carbohydraterecognition events. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2006, 16(19), 5132-5135. (Pubitemid 44247694)
55. Park, S.; Lee, M.-r.; Pyo, S.-J.; Shin, I. Carbohydrate chips for studying highthroughput carbohydrate-protein interactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126(15), 4812-4819. (Pubitemid 38490147)
56. Ratner, D.M.; Adams, E.W.; Su, J.; O'Keefe, B.R.; Mrksich, M.; Seeberger, P.H. Probing protein-carbohydrate interactions with microarrays of synthetic oligosaccharides. ChemBioChem 2004, 5(3), 379-383.
57. Liang, P.-H.; Wang, S.-K.; Wong, C.-H. Quantitative analysis of carbohydrate-protein interactions using glycan microarrays: determination of surface and solution dissociation constants. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129(36), 11177-11184. (Pubitemid 47435721)
58. Laurent, N.; Voglmeir, J.; Flitsch, S.L. Glycoarrays-tools for determining proteincarbohydrate interactions and glycoenzyme specificity. Chem. Commun. 2008, 37, 4400-4412.
59. Zhang, X.; Yadavalli, V.K. Functionalized self-assembled monolayers for measuring single molecule lectin carbohydrate interactions. Anal. Chim. Acta 2009, 649(1), 1-7.
60. Stine, K.J.; Jefferson, K.; Shulga, O.V., Nanoporous Gold for Enzyme Immobilization Enzyme Stabilization and Immobilization; S.D. Minteer, Ed. Humana Press: Secaucus, NJ; 2011, pp. 67-83.
61. Lang, X.; Qian, L.; Guan, P.; Zi, J.; Chen, M. Localized surface plasmon resonance of nanoporous gold. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2011, 98(9), 093701-093703.
62. Shulga, O.V.; Zhou, D.; Demchenko, A.V.; Stine, K.J. Detection of free prostate specific antigen (fpsa) on a nanoporous gold platform. Analyst 2008, 133(3), 319-322. (Pubitemid 351322603)
63. Ciesielski, P.N.; Scott, A.M.; Faulkner, C.J.; Berron, B.J.; Cliffel, D.E.; Jennings, G.K. Functionalized nanoporous gold leaf electrode films for the immobilization of photosystem I. ACS Nano. 2008, 2(12), 2465-2472.
64. Hodge, A.M.; Hayes, J.R.; Caro, J.A.; Biener, J.; Hamza, A.V. Characterization and mechanical behavior of nanoporous gold. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2006, 8(9), 853-857. (Pubitemid 44621747)
65. Wittstock, A.; Zielasek, V.; Biener, J.; Friend, C.M.; Bäumer, M. Nanoporous gold catalysts for selective gas-phase oxidative coupling of methanol at low temperature. Science 2010, 327(5963), 319-322.
66. Shulga, O.V.; Jefferson, K.; Khan, A.R.; D'Souza, V.T.; Liu, J.; Demchenko, A.V.; Stine, K.J. Preparation and characterization of porous gold and its application as a platform for immobilization of acetylcholine esterase. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19(16), 3902-3911. (Pubitemid 47266084)
67. Ge, X.; Wang, R.; Liu, P.; Ding, Y. Platinum-decorated nanoporous gold leaf for methanol electrooxidation. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19(24), 5827-5829. (Pubitemid 350241414)
68. Scanlon, M.D.; Salaj-Kosla, U.; Belochapkine, S.; MacAodha, D.; Leech, D.; Ding, Y.; Magner, E. Characterization of nanoporous gold electrodes for bioelectrochemical applications. Langmuir 2012, 28(4), 2257-2261.
69. Xia, Y.; Huang, W.; Zheng, J.; Niu, Z.; Li, Z. Nonenzymatic amperometric response of glucose on a nanoporous gold film electrode fabricated by a rapid and simple electrochemical method. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2011, 26(8), 3555-3561.
70. Ray, S.; Mehta, G.; Srivastava, S. Label-free detection techniques for protein microarrays: Prospects, merits and challenges. Proteomics 2010, 10(4), 731-748.
71. Ruan, C.; Yang, L.; Li, Y. Immunobiosensor chips for detection of Escherichia coli o157:H7 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74(18), 4814-4820.
72. Chang, B.-Y.; Park, S.-M. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Ann. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2010, 3(1), 207-229.
73. Leteux, C.; Childs, R.A.; Chai, W.; Stoll, M.S.; Kogelberg, H.; Feizi, T. Biotinyl-l- 3-(2-naphthyl)-alanine hydrazide derivatives of n-glycans: versatile solid-phase probes for carbohydrate-recognition studies. Glycobiology 1998, 8(3), 227-236.
74. Sun, X.-L.; Stabler, C.L.; Cazalis, C.S.; Chaikof, E.L. Carbohydrate and protein immobilization onto solid surfaces by sequential diels-alder and azide-alkyne cycloadditions. Bioconjug. Chem. 2005, 17(1), 52-57. (Pubitemid 43157584)
75. Hone, D.C.; Haines, A.H.; Russell, D.A. Rapid, quantitative colorimetric detection of a lectin using mannose-stabilized gold nanoparticles. Langmuir 2003, 19(17), 7141-7144.
76. Nolting, B.; Yu, J.-J.; Liu, G.-y.; Cho, S.-J.; Kauzlarich, S.; Gervay-Hague, J. Synthesis of gold glyconanoparticles and biological evaluation of recombinant gp120 interactions. Langmuir 2003, 19(16), 6465-6473.
77. Seo, J.H.; Adachi, K.; Lee, B.K.; Kang, D.G.; Kim, Y.K.; Kim, K.R.; Lee, H.Y.; Kawai, T.; Cha, H.J. Facile and rapid direct gold surface immobilization with controlled orientation for carbohydrates. Bioconjug. Chem. 2007, 18(6), 2197-2201. (Pubitemid 350220025)
78. Schlesinger, L. Macrophage phagocytosis of virulent but not attenuated strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis is mediated by mannose receptors in addition to complement receptors. J. Immunol. 1993, 150(7), 2920-2930. (Pubitemid 23127541)
79. Finklea, H.O.; Snider, D.A.; Fedyk, J. Passivation of pinholes in octadecanethiol monolayers on gold electrodes by electrochemical polymerization of phenol. Langmuir 1990, 6(2), 371-376. (Pubitemid 20663792)
80. Guo, Y.-G.; Zhang, H.-M.; Hu, J.-S.; Wan, L.-J.; Bai, C.-L. Nanoarchitectured metal film electrodes with high electroactive surface areas. Thin Solid Films 2005, 484(1-2), 341-345. (Pubitemid 40751918)
81. Cao, L.; Yan, P.; Sun, K.; Kirk, D.W. Gold 3d brush nanoelectrode ensembles with enlarged active area for the direct voltammetry of daunorubicin. Electroanalysis 2009, 21(10), 1183-1188.
82. Leopold, M.C.; Bowden, E.F. Influence of gold substrate topography on the voltammetry of cytochrome c adsorbed on carboxylic acid terminated self-assembled monolayers. Langmuir 2002, 18(6), 2239-2245. (Pubitemid 35390168)
83. Nahálkov a, J.; Švitel, J.; Gemeiner, P.; Danielsson, B.; Pribulov' a, B.; Petruš, L. Affinity analysis of lectin interaction with immobilized c- and o-gylcosides studied by surface plasmon resonance assay. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 2002, 52(1), 11-18. (Pubitemid 34775261)
84. Vijayendran, R.A.; Leckband, D.E. A quantitative assessment of heterogeneity for surface-immobilized proteins. Anal. Chem. 2000, 73(3), 471-480.
85. Schuck, P. Kinetics of ligand binding to receptor immobilized in a polymer matrix, as detected with an evanescent wave biosensor. I. A computer simulation of the influence of mass transport. Biophys. J. 1996, 70(3), 1230-1249. (Pubitemid 26073037)
86. Esplandíu, M.J.; Hagenström, H.; Kolb, D.M. Functionalized self-assembled alkanethiol monolayers on au(111) electrodes: 1. Surface structure and electrochemistry. Langmuir 2001, 17(3), 828-838. (Pubitemid 32873085)
87. Hagenström, H.; Schneeweiss, M.A.; Kolb, D.M. Modification of a au(111) electrode with ethanethiol. 1. Adlayer structure and electrochemistry. Langmuir 1999, 15(7), 2435-2443.
88. Sheridan, A.K.; Ngamukot, P.; Bartlett, P.N.; Wilkinson, J.S. Waveguide surface plasmon resonance sensing: Electrochemical desorption of alkane thiol monolayers. Sensors Actuators B: Chem. 2006, 117(1), 253-260. (Pubitemid 44026669)
89. Losic, D.; Shapter, J.G.; Gooding, J.J. Influence of surface topography on alkanethiol sams assembled from solution and by microcontact printing. Langmuir 2001, 17(11), 3307-3316. (Pubitemid 35330441)
90. Flynn, N.T.; Tran, T.N.T.; Cima, M.J.; Langer, R. Long-term stability of selfassembled monolayers in biological media. Langmuir 2003, 19(26), 10909-10915.
91. Yu, J.-J.; Nolting, B.; Tan, Y.H.; Li, X.; Gervay-Hague, J.; Liu, G.-y. Polyvalent interactions of hiv-gp120 protein and nanostructures of carbohydrate ligands. Nanobiotechnology 2005, 1(2), 201-210. (Pubitemid 43780255)
92. Terrill, R.H.; Tanzer, T.A.; Bohn, P.W. Structural evolution of hexadecanethiol monolayers on gold during assembly: substrate and concentration dependence of monolayer structure and crystallinity. Langmuir 1998, 14(4), 845-854. (Pubitemid 128592837)
93. Hardman, K.D.; Wood, M.K.; Schiffer, M.; Edmundson, A.B.; Clinton, F.A. Structure of concanavalin a at 4.25-angstrom resolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1971, 68(7), 1393-1397.
94. Senear, D.F.; Teller, D.C. Thermodynamics of concanavalin a dimer-tetramer self-association: sedimentation equilibrium studies. Biochemistry (Mosc). 1981, 20(11), 3076-3083.
95. Ron, H.; Matlis, S.; Rubinstein, I. Self-assembled monolayers on oxidized metals.2 Gold surface oxidative pretreatment, monolayer properties, and depression formation. Langmuir 1998, 14(5), 1116-1121. (Pubitemid 128620512)
96. Xing, Y.F.; Li, S.F.Y.; Lau, A.K.H.; O'Shea, S.J. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of mixed thiol monolayers on gold. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2005, 583(1), 124-132. (Pubitemid 41162546)
97. Jackson, A.M.; Myerson, J.W.; Stellacci, F. Spontaneous assembly of subnanometre-ordered domains in the ligand shell of monolayer-protected nanoparticles. Nat. Mater. 2004, 3(5), 330-336.
98. Schofield, C.L.; Mukhopadhyay, B.; Hardy, S.M.; McDonnell, M.B.; Field, R.A.; Russell, D.A. Colorimetric detection of ricinus communis agglutinin 120 using optimally presented carbohydrate-stabilised gold nanoparticles. Analyst 2008, 133, 5.
99. Tan, Y.H.; Davis, J.A.; Fujikawa, K.; Ganesh, N.V.; Demchenko, A.V.; Stine, K.J. Surface area and pore size characteristics of nanoporous gold subjected to thermal, mechanical, or surface modification studied using gas adsorption isotherms, cyclic voltammetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22(14), 6733-6745.
100. DeBono, R.F.; Krull, U.J.; Rounaghi, G. Concanavalin A and polysaccharide on gold surfaces. In Biosensor Design and Application; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1992, pp. 121-136.
101. Schuck, P.; Minton, A.P. Analysis of mass transport-limited binding kinetics in evanescent wave biosensors. Anal. Biochem. 1996, 240(2), 262-272. (Pubitemid 26304270)
102. Sikavitsas, V.; Nitsche, J.M.; Mountziaris, T.J. Transport and kinetic processes underlying biomolecular interactions in the biacore optical biosensor. Biotechnol. Prog. 2002, 18(4), 885-897. (Pubitemid 34853403)
103. Kateryna, L.; Grazyna, P.-F.; Joanna, R.; Małgorzata, L.; Jan, S. Binding activity of patterned concanavalin a studied by atomic force microscopy. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2005, 17(18), S1447.