EBT2 film as a depth-dose measurement tool for radiotherapy beams over a wide range of energies and modalities

Medical Physics

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 912-921

  Arjomandy, Bijan ^a   Tailor, Ramesh ^b   Zhao, Li ^c   Devic, Slobodan ^d  

^a MCLAREN REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^c INDIANA UNIVERSITY HEALTH   (United States)

^d MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

and Epson flat bed scanner; depth dose curve; EBT2 film; energy dependence; gafchromic films

Indexed keywords

DENSITY (OPTICAL); DENSITY MEASUREMENT (OPTICAL); IONIZATION CHAMBERS; IONS; PROTON BEAMS; RADIOTHERAPY; SCANNING; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; X RAYS;

DEPTH DOSE; DEPTH DOSE MEASUREMENTS; DOSE CALCULATION; ENERGY DEPENDENCE; FLATBED SCANNERS; GAFCHROMIC FILMS; HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION; RADIOCHROMIC FILM;

GAMMA RAYS;

EID: 84863397517     PISSN: 00942405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1118/1.3678989     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. T. C. Zhu, Small field: Dosimetry in electron disequilibrium region., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 250, 1-10 (2010). 10.1088/1742-6596/250/1/012056
2. C. Clift, A. Thomas, J. Adamovics, Z. Chang, I. Das, and M. Oldham, Toward acquiring comprehensive radiosurgery field commissioning data using the PRESAGE/optical-CT 3D dosimetry system., Phys. Med. Biol. 55, 1279-1293 (2010). 10.1088/0031-9155/55/5/002
3. I. J. Das, X. G. Ding, and A. Ahnesjö, Small fields: Nonequilibrium radiation dosimetry., Med. Phys. 35 206-215 (2008). 10.1118/1.2815356
4. A. Wu, G. Lindner, A. H. Maitz, A. M. Kalend, L. D. Lunsford, J. C. Flickinger, and W. D. Bloomer, Physics of gamma knife approach on convergent beams in stereotactic radiosurgery., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 18, 941-949 (1990). 10.1016/0360-3016(90)90421-F
5. W. Lutz, K. R. Winston, and N. Maleki, A system for stereotactic radiosurgery with a linear accelerator., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 14, 373-381 (1988). 10.1016/0360-3016(88)90446-4
6. P. Xia, P. Geis, L. Xing, C. Ma, D. Findley, K. Forster, and A. Boyer, Physical characteristics of a miniature multileaf collimator., Med. Phys. 26, 65-70 (1999). 10.1118/1.598478
7. C. M. Ma, C. W. Coffey, L. A. DeWerd, C. Liu, R. Nath, S. M. Seltzer, and J. P. Seuntjens, AAPM protocol for 40-300 kV x-ray beam dosimetry in radiotherapy and radiobiology., Med. Phys. 28, 868-893 (2001). 10.1118/1.1374247
8. R. Hill, M. Haque, Z. Mo, and C. Baldock, An evaluation of ionization chambers for the relative dosimetry of kilovoltage x-ray beams., Med. Phys. 36, 3971-3982 (2009). 10.1118/1.3183820
9. A. Wu, R. D. Zwicker, A. M. Kalend, and Z. Zheng, Comments on dose measurements for a narrow beam in radiosurgery., Med. Phys. 20, 777-779 (1993). 10.1118/1.597032
10. C. F. Serago, P. V. Houdek, G. H. Hartmann, D. S. Saini, M. E. Serago, and A. Kaydee, Tissue maximum ratios (and other parameters) of small circular 4, 6, 10, 15, and 24 MV x-ray beams for radiosurgery., Phys. Med. Biol. 37, 1943-1956 (1992). 10.1088/0031-9155/37/10/010
11. B. E. Bjarngard, J.-S. Tsai, and R. K. Rice, Doses on the central axes of narrow 6-MV x-ray beams., Med. Phys. 17, 794-799 (1990). 10.1118/1.596475
12. R. K. Rice, J. L. Hansen, G. K. Svensson, and R. L. Siddon, Measurement of dose distributions in small beams of 6 MV x rays., Phys. Med. Biol. 32, 1087-1099 (1987). 10.1088/0031-9155/32/9/002
13. C. H. Sibata, H. C. Mota, A. S. Beddar, P. D. Higgins, and K. H. Shin, Influence of detector size in photon beam profile measurements., Phys. Med. Biol. 36, 621-631 (1991). 10.1088/0031-9155/36/5/005
14. A. S. Beddar, D. J. Mason, and P. F. O'Brien, Absorbed dose perturbation caused by diodes for small field photon dosimetry., Med. Phys. 21, 1075-1079 (1994). 10.1118/1.597350
15. D. J. Dawson, J. M. Harper, and A. C. Akinradewo, Analysis of physical parameters associated with the measurement of high energy x-ray penumbra., Med. Phys. 11, 491-497 (1984). 10.1118/1.595542
16. C. M. M. Wells, T. R. Mackie, M. B. Podgorsak, M. A. Holmes, N. Papanikolaou, P. J. Reckwerdt, J. Cygler, D. W. O. Rogers, A. F. Bielajew, D. G. Schmidt, and J. K. Muehlenkamp, Measurements of the electron dose distribution near inhomogeneities using a plastic scintillation detector., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 29, 1157-1165 (1994). 10.1016/0360-3016(94)90413-8
17. A. Smith, M. Gillin, M. Bues, X. R. Zhu, K. Suzuki, R. Mohan, S. Woo, A. Lee, R. Komaki, and J. Cox, The M. D. Anderson proton therapy system., Med. Phys. 36, 4068-4084 (2009). 10.1118/1.3187229
18. M. T. Gillin, N. Sahoo, M. Bues, G. Ciangaru, G. Sawakuchi, F. Poenisch, B. Arjomandy, C. Martin, U. Titt, K. Suzuki, A. R. Smith, and X. R. Zhu, Commissioning of the discrete spot scanning proton beam delivery system at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Proton Therapy Center, Houston., Med. Phys. 37, 154-163 (2010). 10.1118/1.3259742
19. M. J. Butson, P. K. N. Yu, and P. E. Metcalfe, Extrapolated surface dose measurements with radiochromic film., Med. Phys. 26, 485-488 (1999). 10.1118/1.598539
20. A. Niroomand-Rad, C. R. Blackwell, B. M. Coursey, K. P. Gall, J. M. Galvin, W. L. McLaughlin, A. S. Meigooni, R. Nath, J. E. Rodgers, and C. G. Soares, Radiochromic film dosimetry: Recommendations of AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 55., Med. Phys. 25, 2093-2115 (1998). 10.1118/1.598407
21. W. Schumer, W. Fernando, M. Carolan, T. Wong, S. Wallace, G. Quong, and M. Geso, Verification of brachytherapy dosimetry with radiochromic film., Med. Dosim. 24, 197-203 (1999). 10.1016/S0958-3947(99)00018-7
22. J. F. Dempsey, D. A. Low, S. Mutic, J. Markman, A. S. Kirov, G. H. Nussbaum, and J. F. Williamson, Validation of a precision radiochromic film dosimetry system for quantitative two-dimensional imaging of acute exposure dose distributions., Med. Phys. 27, 2462-2475 (2000). 10.1118/1.1290488
23. T. Cheung, M. J. Butson, and P. K. N. Yu, Multilayer Gafchromic film detectors for breast skin dose determination in vivo., Phys. Med. Biol. 47, N31-N37 (2002). 10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/401
24. T. Cheung, M. J. Butson, and P. K. N. Yu, Multilayer Gafchromic film detectors for breast skin dose determination in vivo. Phys. Med. Biol. 47, N31-N37 (2002). 10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/401
25. M. J. Butson, P. K. N. Yu, T. Cheung, and P. Metcalfe, Radiochromic film for medical radiation dosimetry., Mater. Sci. Eng. R. 41, 61-120 (2003). 10.1016/S0927-796X(03)00034-2
26. B. Lynch, M. Ranade, J. Li, and J. Dempsey, Characteristics of a new very high sensitivity radiochromic film., Med. Phys. 31, 1837 (2004) (abstract) 10.1118/1.1776415.
27. M. Ranade, B. Lynch, J. Li, and J. Dempsey, Single fraction IMRT dose measurements using a novel radiochromic film., Med. Phys. 31, 1839 (2004) (abstract). 10.1118/1.1776415
28. M. J. Butson, T. Cheung, and P. K. Yu, Radiochromic film: The new x-ray dosimetry and imaging tool., Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. 27, 230 (2004). 10.1007/BF03178654
29. M. J. Butson, T. Cheung, and P. K. Yu, Absorption spectra variations of EBT radichromic film from radiation exposure., Phys. Med. Biol. 50, N135-N140 (2005). 10.1088/0031-9155/50/13/N02
30. M. J. Butson, T. Cheung, and P. K. N. Yu, Weak energy dependence of EBT Gafchromic film dose response in the 50kVp-10 MVp x-ray range., Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64, 60-62 (2006). 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.07.002
31. C. Fiandra, U. Ricardi, R. Ragona, S. Anglesio, F. R. Giglioli, E. Calamia, and F. Lucio, Clinical use of EBT model Gafchromic film in radiotherapy., Med. Phys. 33, 4314-4319 (2006). 10.1118/1.2362876
32. T. Cheung, M. J. Butson, and P. K. N. Yu, Measurement of high energy x-ray beam penumbra with Gafchromic EBT radiochromic film., Med. Phys. 33, 2912-2914 (2006). 10.1118/1.2218318
33. M. Todorovic, M. Fischer, F, Cremers, E. Thom, and R. Schmidt, Evaluation of Gafchromic EBT prototype B for external beam dose verification., Med. Phys. 33, 1321-1328 (2006). 10.1118/1.2188077
34. E. E. Wilcox and G. M. Daskalov, Evaluation of Gafchromic EBT film for Cyberknif dosimetry., Med. Phys. 34, 1967-1974 (2007). 10.1118/1.2734384
35. M. Fuss, E. Sturtewagen, C. De Wagter, and D. Georg, Dosimetric characterization of GafChromic EBT film and its implication on film dosimetry quality assurance., Phys. Med. Biol. 52, 4211-4255 (2007). 10.1088/0031-9155/52/ 14/013
36. F. C. Su, Y. Liu, S. Stathakis, C. Shi, C. Esquivel, and N. Papanikoloau, Dosimetry characteristics of Gafchromic EBT film responding to therapeutic electron beams., Appl. Radiat. Isot. 65, 1187-1192 (2007). 10.1016/j.apradiso. 2007.05.005
37. P L. Roberson, J. M. Moran, and R. Kulasekere, Radiographic film dosimetry for IMRT fields in the near-surface buildup region., J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys. 9, 87-97 (2008). 10.1120/jacmp.v9i4.2782
38. H. Bilge, A. Cakir, M. Okutan, and H. Acar, Surface dose measurements with Gafchromic EBT film for 6 and 18 MV photon beams., Phys. Med. 25, 101-104 (2009). 10.1016/j.ejmp.2008.05.001
39. F. C. Su, C. Shi, and N. Papanikolaou, Clinical application of GAFCHROMICs EBT film for in vivo dose measurements of total body irradiation radiotherapy., Appl. Radiat. Isot. 66, 389-394 (2008). 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007. 09.015
40. 125I seed dosimetry in solid water phantom., Med. Phys. 35, 3787-3799 (2008). 10.1118/1.2955746
41. O. A. Garca-Garduo, M. Celis, J. M. Lrraga-Gutírrez, S. Moreno-Jiḿnez, A. Martnez-Dvalos, and M. Rodrgues-Villafuerte, Radiation transmission, leakage and beam penumbra measurements of a micro-multileaf collimator using Gafchromic EBT film., J. Appl. Clinc. Med. Phys. 9, 90-98 (2008).
42. J. Novotny, Jr., J P. Bhatnagar, M. A. Quader, G. Bednarz, L. D. Lunsford, and M. S. Huq, Measurement of relative output factors for the 8 and 4 mm collimators of Leksell Gamma knife Perfexion by film dosimetry., Med. Phys. 36, 1768-1774 (2009). 10.1118/1.3113904
43. S. Devic, N. Tomic, C. G. Soares, and E. B. Podgorsak, Optimizing the dynamic range of a radiochromic film dosimetry system., Med. Phys. 36, 429-437 (2009). 10.1118/1.3049597
44. C. L. Fletcher and J. A. Mills, An assessment of Gafchromic film for measuring 50 kV and 100 kV percentage depth dose curves., Phys. Med. Biol. 53, N209-N218 (2008). 10.1088/0031-9155/53/11/N02
45. E. E. Wilcox and G. M. Daskalov, Evaluation of GAFCHROMIC EBT film for CyberKnife dosimetry., Med. Phys. 34, 1967-1975 (2007). 10.1118/1.2734384
46. P. Lindsay, A. Rink, M. Ruschin, and D. Jaffray, Investigation of energy dependence of EBT and EBT-2 Gafchromic film., Med. Phys. 37, 571-577 (2010). 10.1118/1.3291622
47. B. Arjomandy, R. Tailor, A. Anand, N. Sahoo, M. Gillin, K. Prado, and M. Vicic, Energy dependence and dose response of Gafchromic EBT2 film over a wide range of photon, electron, and proton beam energies., Med. Phys. 37, 1942-1948 (2010). 10.1118/1.3373523
48. J. G. H. Sutherland and D. W. O. Rogers, Monte Carlo calculated absorbed-dose energy dependence of EBT and EBT2 film., Med. Phys. 37, 1110-1117 (2010). 10.1118/1.3301574
49. M. J. Butson, P. K. N. Yu, T. Cheung, and H. Alnawaf, Energy response of the new EBT2 radiochromic film to x-ray radiation., Radia. Meas. 45, 836-839 (2010). 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.02.016
50. J. Farr, A. Mascia, W. Hsi, C. Allgower, F. Jesseph, N. Schreuder, M. Wolanski, D. Nichiporov, and V. Anferov, Clinical characterization of a proton beam continuous uniform scanning system with dose layer stacking., Med. Phys. 35, 4945-4954 (2008). 10.1118/1.2982248
51. L. Zhao and I. Das, Gafchromic EBT film dosimetry in proton beams., Phys. Med. Biol. 55 N291-N301 (2010). 10.1088/0031-9155/55/10/N04
52. A. L. McKenzie, Cobalt-60 gamma-ray beams., Br. J. Radiol., 25 (Suppl.), 46-61 (1996).
53. D. Nichiporov, K. Solberg, W. Hsi, M. Wolanski, A. Mascia, J. Far, and A. Schreuder, Multichannel detectors for profile measurements in clinical proton fields., Med. Phys. 34, 2683-2691 (2007). 10.1118/1.2746513
54. S. Devic (private communication).
55. S. Devic, J. Seuntjens, E. Sham, E. B. Podgorsak, A. S. Kirov, R. C. Schmidtlein, and C. G. Soares, Precise radiochromic film dosimetry using a flat-bed document scanner. Med. Phys. 32, 2245-2253 (2005). 10.1118/1.1929253