The relationship of age, gender, and IQ with the brainstem and thalamus in healthy children and adolescents: A magnetic resonance imaging volumetric study

Journal of Child Neurology

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 325-331

  Xie, Yuhuan ^a   Chen, Yian Ann ^b   De Bellis, Michael D ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b H LEE MOFFITT CANCER CENTER AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

brainstem; IQ; neurodevelopment; thalamus

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; AGE; ARTICLE; BRAIN ASYMMETRY; BRAIN SIZE; BRAIN STEM; CHILD; FEMALE; GENDER; GRAY MATTER; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; SCHOOL CHILD; THALAMUS; VOLUMETRY; WHITE MATTER;

ADOLESCENT; AGING; BRAIN STEM; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL LATERALITY; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; INTELLIGENCE; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; THALAMUS;

EID: 84863383634     PISSN: 08830738     EISSN: 17088283     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0883073811419260     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Kinney HC, Brody BA, Kloman AS, Gilles FH. Sequence of central nervous system myelination in human infancy 2 Patterns of myelination in autopsied infants. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1988;47:217-234.
2. Martin E, Krassnitzer S, Kaelin P, Boesch CH. MR imaging of the brainstem: normal postnatal development. Neuroradiology. 1990; 33:391-395.
3. Joseph R. Fetal brain behavior and cognitive development. Dev Rev. 2000;20:81-98.
4. Emson PC, Lindvall O. Distribution of putative neurotransmitters in the cortex. Neuroscience. 1979;4:1-30.
5. Garlow SJ, Musselman DL, Nemeroff CB. The neurochemistry of mood disorders: clinical studies. In: Charney DS, Nestler EJ, Bunney BS, eds. Neurobiology of Mental Illness. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1999:348-364.
6. De Bellis MD. Developmental traumatology: the psychobiological development of maltreated children and its implications for research, treatment, and policy. Dev Psychopathol. 2001;13(3):539-564. (Pubitemid 33406342)
7. Eliez S, Schmitt JE, White CD, Wellis VG, Reiss AL. A quantitative MRI study of posterior fossa development in velocardiofacial syndrome. Biol Psychiatry. 2001;49:540-546. (Pubitemid 32226412)
8. Morel A, Magnin M, Jeanmonod D. Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus. J Comp Neurol. 1997; 387:588-630. (Pubitemid 27467440)
9. Dekaban A. Human thalamus: an anatomical, developmental, and pathological study. II. Development of the human thalamic nuclei. J Comp Neurol. 1954;100(1):63-97.
10. Katz LC, Shatz CJ. Synaptic activity and the construction of cortical circuits. Science. 1996;274:1133-1138. (Pubitemid 26389269)
11. Rapoport JL, Giedd JN, Kumra S, et al. Childhood-onset schizophrenia. Progressive ventricular change during adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997;54:897-903.
12. Tsatsanis KD, Rourke BP, Klin A, Volkmar FR, Cicchetti D, Schultz RT. Reduced thalamic volume in high-functioning individuals with autism. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;53:121-129. (Pubitemid 36126474)
13. Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, et al. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36(7):980-988. (Pubitemid 27272932)
14. Hollingshead A. Four Factor index of social status. New Haven, CT: Department of Sociology, Yale University; 1975.
15. Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. New York, NY: The Psychological Corp; 1974.
16. Denckla M. Revised physical and neurological examination for subtle signs. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1985;21:773-800.
17. De Bellis MD, Keshavan MS, Beers SR, et al. Sex differences in brain maturation during childhood and adolescence. Cereb Cortex. 2001;11(6):552-557. (Pubitemid 32488382)
18. De Bellis MD, Narasimhan A, Thatcher DL, Keshavan MS, Soloff P, Clark DB. Prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and cerebellar volumes in adolescents and young adults with adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders and comorbid mental disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005;29(9):1590-1600. (Pubitemid 41395608)
19. Hardan AY, Minshew NJ, Harenski K, Keshavan MS. Posterior fossa magnetic resonance imaging in autism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40(6):666-672. (Pubitemid 32473380)
20. Gilbert AR, Rosenberg DR, Harenski K, Spencer S, Sweeney JA, Keshavan MS. Thalamic volumes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(4):618-624. (Pubitemid 32289826)
21. Reiss AL, Abrams MT, Singer HS, Ross JL, Denckla MB. Brain development, gender and IQ in children. A volumetric imaging study. Brain. 1996;119:1763-1774. (Pubitemid 26375742)
22. Pfefferbaum A, Mathalon DH, Sullivan EV, Rawles JM, Zipursky RB, Lim KO. A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study of changes in brain morphology from infancy to late adulthood. Arch Neurol. 1994;51:874-887. (Pubitemid 24286042)
23. Giedd JN, Blumenthal J, Jeffries NO, et al. Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Nat Neurosci. 1999;2(10):861-863. (Pubitemid 30602596)
24. Thompson PM, Giedd JN, Woods RP, MacDonald D, Evans AC, TogaAW. Growth patterns in the developing brain detected by using continuum mechanical tensor maps. Nature. 2000;404:190-193. (Pubitemid 30154487)
25. Sullivan EV, Rosenbloom M, Serventi KL, Pfefferbaum A. Effects of age and sex on volumes of the thalamus, pons, and cortex. Neurobiol Aging. 2004;25:185-192. (Pubitemid 38124496)
26. Oguro H, Okada K, Yamaguchi S, Kobayashi S. Sex differences in morphology of the brain stem and cerebellum with normal ageing. Neuroradiology. 1998;40(12):788-792. (Pubitemid 28554572)
27. Gottlieb S, Hanes SD, Golden JA, Oakey RJ, Budarf ML. Goosecoid-like, a gene deleted in DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes, recognizes DNA with a bicoid-like specificity and is expressed in the developing mouse brain. Hum Mol Genet. 1998;7:1497-1505. (Pubitemid 28429932)
28. Reiss AL, Eliez S, Schmitt JE, et al. Neuroanatomy of Williams syndrome: a high-resolution MRI study. J Cogn Neurosci. 2000;12(suppl):65-73. (Pubitemid 30410265)
29. Bellugi U,Wang P, Jernigan T.Williams syndrome: an unusual neuropsychological profile. In: Broman S, Grafman J, eds. Atypical Cognitive Deficits in Developmental Disorders: Implications for Brain Function. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1993:23-56.
30. Morris CA, Demsey SA, Leonard CO, Dilts C, Blackburn BL. Natural history of Williams syndrome: physical characteristics. J Pediatr. 1988;113:318-326.
31. Abitz M, Nielsen RD, Jones EG, Laursen H, Graem N, Pakkenber B. Excess of neurons in the human newborn mediodorsal thalamus compared with that of the adult. Cereb Cortex. 2007;17:2573-2578. (Pubitemid 47537815)
32. Sowell ER, Trauner DA, Gamst A, Jernigan TL. Development of cortical and subcortical brain structures in childhood and adolescence: a structural MRI study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002;44(1):4-16. (Pubitemid 34051455)
33. Rabinowicz T. The Differentiated Maturation of the Cerebral Cortex: Postnatal Growth Neurobiology. New York, NY:Plenum Press; 1986.
34. Giedd JN, Snell JW, Lange N, et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of human brain development: ages 4-18. Cereb Cortex. 1996;6(4):551-560. (Pubitemid 26278180)
35. Giedd JN, Vaituzis AC, Hamburger SD, et al. Quantitative MRI of the temporal lobe, amygdala, and hippocampus in normal human development: ages 4-18 years. J Comp Neurol. 1996;366(2):223-230. (Pubitemid 26070596)
36. Giedd JN, Castellanos FX, Rajapakse JC, Vaituzis AC, Rapoport JL. Sexual dimorphism of the developing human brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1997;21(8):1185-1201. (Pubitemid 28046695)
37. Durston S, Hulshoff Pol HE, Casey BJ, Giedd JN, Buitelaar JK, van Engeland H. Anatomical MRI of the developing human brain: what have we learned? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40(9):1012-1020. (Pubitemid 32803813)
38. Wahl M, Marzinzik F, Friederici AD, et al. The human thalamus processes syntactic and semantic language violations. Neuron. 2008;59:695-707.
39. Danos P, Schmidt A, Baumann B, et al. Volume and neuron number of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in schizophrenia: a replication study. Psychiatry Res. 2005;140:281-289. (Pubitemid 41660972)
40. Young KA, Holcomb LA, Yazdani U, Hicks PB, German DC. Elevated neuron number in the limbic thalamus in major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2004;61:1270-1277. (Pubitemid 38859178)
41. Frangou S, Chitins X, Williams SC. Mapping IQ and gray matter density in healthy young people. Neuroimage. 2004;23:800-805. (Pubitemid 39446515)
42. Lee J-S, Yoo S-S, Cho S-Y, Ock S-M, Lim M-K, Panych LP. Abnormal thalamic volume in treatment naive boys with Tourette syndrome. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2006;113:64-67. (Pubitemid 43339092)
43. Csernansky JG, Csernansky K, Splinter NR, et al. Abnormalities of thalamic volume and shape in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:896-902. (Pubitemid 38625344)
44. Ahsan RL, Allom R, Gousias IS, et al. Volumes, spatial extents and a probabilistic atlas of the human basal ganglia and thalamus. Neuroimage. 2007;38:261-270. (Pubitemid 47542448)
45. Gilbert AR, Moore GJ, Keshavan MS, et al. Decrease in thalamic volumes of pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who are taking paroxetine. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(5):449-456. (Pubitemid 30257259)
46. Kovalev VA, Kruggel F, von Cramon DY. Gender and age effects in structural brain asymmetry as measured by MRI texture analysis. Neuroimage. 2003;19:895-905. (Pubitemid 36918232)
47. Toga AW, Thompson PM. Mapping brain asymmetry. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003;4:37-48. (Pubitemid 37271087)
48. Jancke L, Steinmetz H, Benilow S, Ziemann U. Slowing fastest finger movements of the dominant hand with low-frequency rTMS of the hand area of the primary motor cortex. Exp Brain Res. 2004;155(2):196-203. (Pubitemid 38388731)
49. Monkul ES, Nicoletti MA, Spence D, et al. MRI study of thalamus volumes in juvenile patients with bipolar disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2006;23:347-352. (Pubitemid 44619786)