Calcium intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: A review of prospective studies and randomized clinical trials

American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 105-116

  Wang, Lu ^a   Manson, JoAnn E ^a,b   Sesso, Howard D ^a,b  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Calcium; Coronary artery disease; Stroke

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN;

BLOOD VESSEL CALCIFICATION; CALCIUM BLOOD LEVEL; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; CALCIUM INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN RELEASE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; MORTALITY; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STROKE; THROMBOSIS; VASODILATATION;

ADULT; AGED; CALCIUM; CALCIUM, DIETARY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; HUMANS; NUTRITION POLICY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RISK FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84863363000     PISSN: 11753277     EISSN: 1179187X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/11595400-000000000-00000     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Peterlik M, Cross HS. Vitamin D and calcium deficits predispose for multiple chronic diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2005 May; 35 (5): 290-304 (Pubitemid 40675603)
2. Subar AF, Block G. Use of vitamin and mineral supplements: demographics and amounts of nutrients consumed. The 1987 Health Interview Survey. Am J Epidemiol 1990 Dec; 132 (6): 1091-101
3. Riffenburgh RH (editor). Statistics in medicine. 2nd ed. Waltham (MA): Academic Press, 2005
4. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986; 7 (3): 177-88 (Pubitemid 17189972)
5. Vaskonen T. Dietary minerals and modification of cardiovascular risk factors. J Nutr Biochem 2003 Sep; 14 (9): 492-506 (Pubitemid 37162648)
6. Heaney RP. Calcium intake and disease prevention. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2006; 50 (4): 685-93 (Pubitemid 44786005)
7. Mundy GR, Guise TA. Hormonal control of calcium homeostasis. Clin Chem 1999; 4 5(8 Pt2): 1347-52 (Pubitemid 29422074)
8. Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2011
9. NIH Consensus conference. Optimal calcium intake. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Optimal Calcium Intake. JAMA 1994 Dec 28; 272 (24): 1942-8
10. Bennett T, Desmond A, Harrington M, et al. The effect of high intakes of casein and casein phosphopeptide on calcium absorption in the rat. Br J Nutr 2000 Jun; 83 (6): 673-80 (Pubitemid 30392108)
11. Fleischman AI, Yacowitz H, Hayton T, et al. Effects of dietary calcium upon lipid metabolism in mature male rats fed beef tallow. J Nutr 1966 Mar; 88 (3): 255-60
12. Yacowitz H, Fleischman AI, Bierenbaum ML, et al. Calcium and lipid metabolism: effects of increased dietary calcium on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Trans N Y Acad Sci 1971 Mar; 33 (3): 344-50
13. Resnick LM, Laragh JH, Sealey JE, et al. Divalent cations in essential hypertension: relations between serum ionized calcium, magnesium, and plasma renin activity. N Engl J Med 1983 Oct 13; 309 (15): 888-91 (Pubitemid 13014029)
14. Resnick LM. The role of dietary calcium in hypertension: a hierarchical overview. Am J Hypertens 1999 Jan; 12 (1 Pt 1): 99-112 (Pubitemid 29118240)
15. Bohr DF. Vascular smooth muscle: dual effect of calcium. Science 1963 Feb 15; 139 (3555): 597-9
16. Zemel MB. Calcium modulation of hypertension and obesity: mechanisms and implications. J Am Coll Nutr 2001 Oct; 20 (5 Suppl.): 428S-35S; discussion 40S-42S (Pubitemid 32948025)
17. Draznin B. Intracellular calcium, insulin secretion, and action. Am J Med 1988 Nov 28; 85 (5A): 44-58 (Pubitemid 19012373)
18. +. Cell Calcium 1990 Sep; 11 (8): 547-56 (Pubitemid 20336058)
19. Draznin B, Sussman K, Kao M, et al. The existence of an optimal range of cytosolic free calcium for insulin-stimulated glucose transport in rat adipocytes. J Biol Chem 1987 Oct 25; 262 (30): 14385-8
20. Zemel MB. Nutritional and endocrine modulation of intracellular calcium: implications in obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 1998 Nov; 188 (1-2): 129-36 (Pubitemid 28493325)
21. Pittas AG, Lau J, Hu FB, et al. The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007 Jun; 92 (6): 2017-29 (Pubitemid 46997093)
22. Renaud S, Ciavatti M, Thevenon C, et al. Protective effects of dietary calcium and magnesium on platelet function and atherosclerosis in rabbits fed saturated fat. Atherosclerosis 1983 May; 47 (2): 187-98 (Pubitemid 13092336)
23. Makynen H, Kahonen M, Wu X, et al. Endothelial function in deoxycorticosterone- NaCl hypertension: effect of calcium supplementation. Circulation 1996 Mar 1; 93 (5): 1000-8 (Pubitemid 26074837)
24. TolVanen JP, Makynen H, Wu X, et al. Effects of calcium and potassium supplements on arterial tone in vitro in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 1998 May; 124 (1): 119-28 (Pubitemid 28210051)
25. Jolma P, Kalliovalkama J, TolVanen JP, et al. High-calcium diet enhances vasorelaxation in nitric oxide-deficient hypertension.AmJ Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000 Sep; 279 (3): H1036-43
26. Seely S. Is calcium excess in western diet a major cause of arterial disease? Int J Cardiol 1991 Nov; 33 (2): 191-8
27. Ojuka EO. Role of calcium and AMP kinase in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis andGLUT4 levels inmuscle. Proc Nutr Soc 2004May; 63 (2): 275-8 (Pubitemid 38787478)
28. + and AMPK both mediate stimulation of glucose transport by muscle contractions. Diabetes 2004 Feb; 53 (2): 330-5 (Pubitemid 38174547)
29. Van der Vijver LP, Van der Waal MA, WeteringsKG, et al. Calcium intake and 28-year cardiovascular and coronary heart disease mortality in Dutch civil serVants. Int J Epidemiol 1992 Feb; 21 (1): 36-9
30. Abbott RD, Curb JD, Rodriguez BL, et al. Effect of dietary calcium and milk consumption on risk of thromboembolic stroke in older middle-aged men. The Honolulu Heart Program. Stroke 1996 May; 27 (5): 813-8 (Pubitemid 26142508)
31. Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Hernan MA, et al. Intake of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and fiber and risk of stroke amongUS men. Circulation 1998 Sep 22; 98 (12): 1198-204 (Pubitemid 28436170)
32. Bostick RM, Kushi LH, Wu Y, et al. Relation of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy food intake to ischemic heart disease mortality among postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 1999 Jan 15; 149 (2): 151-61 (Pubitemid 29039518)
33. Iso H, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Prospective study of calcium, potassium, and magnesium intake and risk of stroke in women. Stroke 1999 Sep; 30 (9): 1772-9 (Pubitemid 29411813)
34. Al-Delaimy WK, Rimm E, Willett WC, et al. A prospective study of calcium intake from diet and supplements and risk of ischemic heart disease among men. Am J Clin Nutr 2003 Apr; 77 (4): 814-8
35. Marniemi J, Alanen E, Impivaara O, et al. Dietary and serum vitamins and minerals as predictors of myocardial infarction and stroke in elderly subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005 Jun; 15 (3): 188-97 (Pubitemid 40934163)
36. Umesawa M, Iso H, Date C, et al. Dietary intake of calcium in relation to mortality fromcardiovascular disease: the JACC Study. Stroke 2006 Jan; 37 (1): 20-6 (Pubitemid 43732042)
37. Larsson SC, Virtanen MJ, Mars M, et al. Magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium intakes and risk of stroke in male smokers. Arch Intern Med 2008 Mar 10; 168 (5): 459-65 (Pubitemid 351547209)
38. Umesawa M, Iso H, Ishihara J, et al. Dietary calcium intake and risks of stroke, its subtypes, and coronary heart disease in Japanese: the JPHC Study Cohort I. Stroke 2008 Sep; 39 (9): 2449-56
39. Kaluza J, Orsini N, Levitan EB, et al. Dietary calcium and magnesium intake and mortality: a prospective study of men. Am J Epidemiol 2010 Apr 1; 171 (7): 801-7
40. Pentti K, Tuppurainen MT, Honkanen R, et al. Use of calcium supplements and the risk of coronary heart disease in 52-62-year-old women: The Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study. Maturitas 2009 May 20; 63 (1): 73-8
41. Lind L, Skarfors E, Berglund L, et al. Serum calcium: a new, independent, prospective risk factor for myocardial infarction in middle-aged men followed for 18 years. J Clin Epidemiol 1997 Aug; 50 (8): 967-73 (Pubitemid 27423528)
42. Foley RN, Collins AJ, Ishani A, et al. Calcium-phosphate levels and cardiovascular disease in community-dwelling adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am Heart J 2008 Sep; 156 (3): 556-63
43. Baron JA, Beach M, Mandel JS, et al. Calcium supplements for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. Calcium Polyp Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999 Jan 14; 340 (2): 101-7 (Pubitemid 29054844)
44. Prince RL, Devine A, Dhaliwal SS, et al. Effects of calcium supplementation on clinical fracture and bone structure: results of a 5-year, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial in elderly women.Arch InternMed 2006 Apr 24; 166 (8): 869-75
45. Bolland MJ, Barber PA, Doughty RN, et al. Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2008 Feb 2; 336 (7638): 262-6 (Pubitemid 351251627)
46. Reid IR, Ames R, Mason B, et al. Randomized controlled trial of calcium supplementation in healthy, nonosteoporotic, older men. Arch Intern Med 2008 Nov 10; 168 (20): 2276-82
47. Brazier M, Grados F, Kamel S, et al. Clinical and laboratory safety of one year's use of a combination calcium+vitamin D tablet in ambulatory elderly women with vitamin D insufficiency: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther 2005 Dec; 27 (12): 1885-93 (Pubitemid 43293210)
48. Hsia J, Heiss G, Ren H, et al. Calcium/vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular events. Circulation 2007 Feb 20; 115 (7): 846-54 (Pubitemid 46294725)
49. Lappe JM, Heaney RP. Calcium supplementation: results may not be generalisable [letter]. BMJ 2008 Feb 23; 336 (7641): 403; author reply 4 (Pubitemid 351310870)
50. Lewis JR, Calver J, Zhu K, et al. Calcium supplementation and the risks of atherosclerotic vascular disease in older women: results of a 5-year RCT and a 4.5-year follow-up. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26 (1): 35-41
51. McCarron DA, Reusser ME. Finding consensus in the dietary calcium-blood pressure debate. J Am Coll Nutr 1999 Oct; 18 (5 Suppl.): 398S-405S (Pubitemid 29455711)
52. Reid IR, Bolland MJ. Calcium supplementation and vascular disease. Climacteric 2008 Aug; 11 (4): 280-6 (Pubitemid 352032242)
53. Reid IR, Schooler BA, Hannan SF, et al. The acute biochemical effects of four proprietary calcium preparations. Aust N Z J Med 1986 Apr; 16 (2): 193-7 (Pubitemid 17184768)
54. Green JH, Booth C, Bunning R. Postprandial metabolic responses to milk enriched with milk calcium are different from responses to milk enriched with calcium carbonate. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003; 12 (1): 109-19 (Pubitemid 36549425)
55. Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 2010; 341: c3691. doi:10.1136/bmj.c3691