Protective effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on neurodegenarative changes in chronic cerebral ischemia models and learning-memory impairment in aged rats

Archives of Pharmacal Research

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 145-154

  Goo, Moon Jung ^a   Choi, Seul Min ^a   Kim, Soon Hoe ^a   Ahn, Byoung Ok ^a  

^a Dong A Pharmaceutical Company   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Acetyl L carnitine; Aged rat; Chronic ischemia; Hippocampus; Ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCL); Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)

Indexed keywords

GLUTATHIONE; LEVACECARNINE;

AGED; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; ASTROCYTE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; BRAIN LEVEL; BRAIN TISSUE; CAROTID ARTERY LIGATION; CELL COUNT; COMMON CAROTID ARTERY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMENTIA; HIPPOCAMPAL CA1 REGION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; LEARNING DISORDER; LONG TERM CARE; MALE; MEMORY DISORDER; NERVE DEGENERATION; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PASSIVE AVOIDANCE; PYRAMIDAL NERVE CELL; RAT; SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RAT; TREATMENT DURATION;

ACETYLCARNITINE; AGING; ANIMALS; AVOIDANCE LEARNING; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; MALE; MEMORY DISORDERS; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; RANDOM ALLOCATION; RATS; RATS, INBRED SHR;

EID: 84863117288     PISSN: 02536269     EISSN: 19763786     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0116-9     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. F. Amenta D. Tomassoni 2004 Treatment with nicardipine protects brain in an animal model of hypertension-induced damage Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 26 351 361 15195689 10.1081/CEH-120034139 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsFSksro%3D (Pubitemid 38691116)
2. American Psychiatric Association. 4th ed. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, (2000).
3. T. Aureli A. Miccheli R. Ricciolini M. E. Di Cocco M. T. Ramacci L. Angelucci O. Ghirardi F. Conti 1990 Aging brain: effect of acetyl-L-carnitine treatment on rat brain energy and phospholipid metabolism. A study by 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy Brain Res. 526 108 112 2078811 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90255-A 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXmtVyrtrg%3D (Pubitemid 20273568)
4. T. Aureli A. Miccheli M. E. Di Cocco O. Ghirardi A. Giuliani M. T. Ramacci F. Conti 1994 Effect of acetyl-Lcarnitine on recovery of brain phosphorus metabolites and lactic acid level during reperfusion after cerebral ischemia in the rat-study by 13P- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy Brain Res. 643 92 99 8032936 10.1016/0006-8993(94)90013-2 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXivV2qur0%3D (Pubitemid 24115081)
5. M. J. Ball 1977 Neuronal loss, neurofibrillary tangles and granulovacuolar degeneration in the hippocampus with ageing and dementia. A quantitative study Acta Neuropathol. 37 111 118 848276 10.1007/BF00692056 1:STN:280:DyaE2s7ltl2rug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 8047060)
6. K. Barhwal S. K. Hota V. Jain D. Prasad S. B. Singh G. Ilavazhagan 2009 Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) prevents hypobaric hypoxia-induced spatial memory impairment through extracellular related kinase-mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 phosphorylation Neuroscience 161 501 514 19318118 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.086 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXms1WjtL4%3D
7. A. Bignami D. Dahl D. C. Rueger 1980 Glial fibrillary acidic protein in normal neuronal cells and in pathological conditions Adv. Cell. Neurobiol. 1 285 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXls1Gnurc%3D
8. A. Caprioli A. L. Markowska D. S. Olton 1995 Acetyl-LCarnitine: chronic treatment improves spatial acquisition in a new environment in aged rats J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 50 B232 B236 7614236 10.1093/gerona/50A.4.B232 1:STN:280:DyaK2MzjvV2qsg%3D%3D
9. M. Castorina A. M. Ambrosini A. Giuliani L. Pacifici M. T. Ramacci L. Angelucci 1993 A cluster analysis study of acetyl-L-carnitine effect on NMDA receptors in aging Exp. Gerontol 28 537 548 8137890 10.1016/0531-5565(93)90042-C 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXitVymsb0%3D
10. O. T. Darçin L. Baktiroolu Y. Ozkul I. Ozardali M. H. Andaç 2004 Prevention of postischemic spinal cord injury by means of regional infusion of adenosine and Lcarnitine dissolved in normothermic saline Ann. Vasc. Surg. 18 343 348 15354637 10.1007/s10016-004-0022-9 (Pubitemid 38691568)
11. J. P. De Bruin M. P. Moita H. M. de Brabander R. N. Joosten 2001 Place and response learning of rats in a Morris water maze: differential effects of fimbria fornix and medial prefrontal cortex lesions Neurobiol. Learn Mem. 75 164 78 11222058 10.1006/nlme.2000.3962 (Pubitemid 34127517)
12. N. M. De Bruin A. J. Kiliaan M. C. De Wilde L. M. Broersen 2003 Combined uridine and choline administration improves cognitive deficits in spontaneously hyper tensive rats Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 80 63 79 12737935 10.1016/S1074- 7427(03)00024-8 (Pubitemid 36546208)
13. P. P. De Deyn J. Goeman S. Engelborghs U. Hauben R. D'Hooge F. Baro B. A. Pickut 1999 From neuronal and vascular impairment to dementia Pharmacopsychiatry 32 17 24 10338104 10.1055/s-2007-979232
14. J. C. de la Torre 2002 Alzheimer disease as a vascular disorder: nosological evidence Stroke 33 1152 1162 11935076 10.1161/01.STR.0000014421. 15948.67 (Pubitemid 34293607)
15. S. Dhitavat D. Ortiz T. B. Shea E. R. Rivera 2002 Acetyl-L-carnitine protects against amyloid-beta neurotoxicity: roles of oxidative buffering and ATP levels Neurochem. Res. 27 501 505 12199155 10.1023/A:1019800703683 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xmt12rs7s%3D
16. M. M. Esiri Z. Nagy M. Z. Smith L. Barnetson A. D. Smith 1999 Cerebrovascular disease and threshold for dementia in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease Lancet 354 919 920 10489957 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)02355-7 1:STN:280:DyaK1MvhvVCruw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29424028)
17. E. Farkas P. G. Luiten F. Bari 2007 Permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the rat: a model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related neurodegenerative diseases Brain Res. Rev. 54 162 180 17296232 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.01.003 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjs1Kqsbc%3D (Pubitemid 46498166)
18. Y. Geinisman L. Detoledo-Morrell F. Morrell R. E. Heller 1995 Hippocampal markers of age-related memory dysfunction: behavioral, electrophysiological and morphological perspectives Prog. Neurobiol. 45 223 252 7777673 10.1016/0301-0082(94)00047-L 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3ps1CrtA%3D%3D
19. M. D. Ginsberg R. Busto 1989 Rodent models of cerebral ischemia Stroke 20 1627 2688195 10.1161/01.STR.20.12.1627 1:STN:280:DyaK3c%2FosFamtA%3D%3D
20. A. Joutel M. Monet-Leprêtre C. Gosele C. Baron-Menguy A. Hammes S. Schmidt B. Lemaire-Carrette V. Domenga A. Schedl P. Lacombe N. Hubner 2010 Cerebrovascular dysfunction and microcirculation rarefaction precede white matter lesions in a mouse genetic model of cerebral ischemic small vessel disease J. Clin. Invest. 120 433 445 20071773 10.1172/JCI39733 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsVOkt7Y%3D
21. J. Kaur D. Sharma R. Singh 2001 Acetyl-L-carnitine enhances Na(+), K(+)-ATPase glutathione-S-transferase and multiple unit activity and reduces lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin concentration in aged rat brain regions Neurosci. Lett. 301 1 4 11239702 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)01576-2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhs1eitb4%3D (Pubitemid 32182380)
22. S. Kimura H. Saito M. Minami H. Togashi N. Nakamura M. Nemoto H. S. Parvez 2000 Pathogenesis of vascular dementia in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats Toxicology 153 167 178 11090955 10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00312-7 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXot12ks7s%3D
23. Y. Kuribayashi H. Naritomi S. Nukuzuma 1990 Multiple cerebral infarcts and white matter changes caused by chronic low perfusion in rats J. Neurol. 237 155
24. J. Liu E. Head H. Kuratsune C. W. Cotman B. N. Ames 2004 Comparison of the effects of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on carnitine levels, ambulatory activity, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the brain of old rats Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1033 117 131 15591009 10.1196/annals.1320.011 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjvFOgtA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 39656744)
25. Y. Liu R. E. Rosenthal P. Starke-Reed G. Fiskum 1993 Inhibition of postcardiac arrest brain protein oxidation by acetyl-L-carnitine Free Radic. Biol. Med. 15 667 670 8138193 10.1016/0891-5849(93)90171-P 1:CAS:528: DyaK2cXitlGqtLc%3D (Pubitemid 23353417)
26. M. M. Lolic G. Fiskum R. E. Rosenthal 1997 Neuroprotective effects of acetyl-L-carnitine after stroke in rats Ann. Emerg. Med. 29 758 765 9174521 10.1016/S0196-0644(97)70197-5 1:STN:280:DyaK2szhslCqtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 27232758)
27. P. L. McGeer E. G. McGeer J. Suzuki C. E. Dolman T. Nagai 1984 Aging, Alzheimer's disease, and the cholinergic system of the basal forebrain Neurology 34 741 745 6539435 1:STN:280:DyaL2c3itVWmtw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 14107071)
28. A. K. Miller R. L. Alston C. Q. Mountjoy J. A. Corsellis 1984 Automated differential cell counting on a sector of the normal human hippocampus: the influence of age Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 10 123 141 6728114 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1984.tb00344.x 1:STN:280:DyaL2c3hvF2quw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 14142214)
29. H. Naritomi 1991 Experimental basis of multi-infarct dementia: memory impairments in rodent models of ischemia Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 5 103 111 2059402 10.1097/00002093-199100520-00007 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3otlWhsw%3D%3D
30. V. H. Ozacmak H. Sayan A. Cetin A. Akyildiz-Igdem 2007 AT1 receptor blocker candesartan-induced attenuation of brain injury of rats subjected to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion Neurochem. Res. 32 1314 1321 17401654 10.1007/s11064-007-9305-1 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmvVyqtbw%3D (Pubitemid 46988191)
31. J. Poirier E. Apolipoprotein 2005 cholesterol transport and synthesis in sporadic Alzheimer's disease Neurobiol. Aging 26 355 361 15639314 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.09.003 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXitVejtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 40082719)
32. M. Sabbatini P. Strocchi L. Vitaioli F. Amenta 2000 The hippocampus in spontaneously hypertensive rats: a quantitative microanatomical study Neuroscience 100 251 258 11008165 10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00297-9 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmslKmsb4%3D
33. M. Sabbatini P. Strocchi L. Vitaioli F. Amenta 2001 Microanatomical changes of intracerebral arteries in spontaneously hypertensive rats: a model of cerebrovascular disease of the elderly Mech. Ageing Dev. 122 1257 1268 11438117 10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00234-2 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzosVyksg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32579200)
34. M. Sabbatini D. Tomassoni F. Amenta 2001 Hypertensive brain damage: comparative evaluation of protective effect to treatment with dihydropyridine derivatives in spontaneously hypertensive rats Mech. Ageing Dev. 122 2085 2105 11589925 10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00318-9 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnt1SitLc%3D (Pubitemid 32925116)
35. A. Shuaib T. Waqaar T. Wishart R. Kanthan W. Howlett 1995 Acetyl-L-carnitine attenuates neuronal damage in gerbils with transient forebrain ischemia only when given before the insult Neurochem. Res. 20 1021 1025 8570005 10.1007/BF00995555 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXosFyntLw%3D
36. D. A. Snowdon L. H. Greiner J. A. Mortimer K. P. Riley P. A. Greiner W. R. Markesbery 1997 Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease. The Nun Study JAMA 277 813 817 9052711 10.1001/jama.1997.03540340047031 1:STN:280:DyaK2s3gsFajtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 27111317)
37. J. Srinivasan S. Jayadev D. Kumaran K. F. Ahamed B. Suresh M. Ramanathan 2005 Effect of losartan and enalapril on cognitive deficit caused by Goldblatt induced hypertension Indian J. Exp. Biol. 43 241 246 15816410 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmtVShsbw%3D (Pubitemid 40359129)
38. Y. Takamiya S. Kohsaka S. Toya M. Otani Y. Tsukada 1988 Immunohistochemical studies on the proliferation of reactive astrocytes and the expression of cytoskeletal proteins following brain injury in rats Brain Res. 466 201 210 3359311 1:STN:280:DyaL1c7psVSmug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 18057072)
39. S. K. Tayebati M. A. Di Tullio F. Amenta 2004 Effect of treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine on vesicular acetylcholine transporter and choline acetyltransferase in rat brain Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 26 363 373 15195690 10.1081/CEH-120034140 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsFSksrs%3D (Pubitemid 38685922)
40. J. W. Unger 1998 Glial reaction in aging and Alzheimer's disease Microsc. Res. Tech. 43 24 28 9829455 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19981001)43:1<24::AID- JEMT4>3.0.CO;2-P 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnsFCntro%3D (Pubitemid 28507009)
41. M. A. Virmani V. Caso A. Spadoni S. Rossi F. Russo F. Gaetani 2001 The action of acetyl-L-carnitine on the neurotoxicity evoked by amyloid fragments and peroxide on primary rat cortical neurones Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 939 162 178 11462768 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03623.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlsV2ks7s%3D (Pubitemid 32620065)
42. H. Wakita H. Tomimoto I. Akiguchi J. Kimura 1994 Glial activation and white matter changes in the rat brain induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: an immunohistochemical study Acta Neuropathol. 87 484 492 8059601 10.1007/BF00294175 1:STN:280:DyaK2czjslGqtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 24128976)
43. S. A. Zanelli N. J. Solenski R. E. Rosenthal G. Fiskum 2005 Mechanisms of ischemic neuroprotection by acetyl-Lcarnitine Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1053 153 161 16179519 10.1196/annals.1344.013 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XotlKksQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 43031093)