Cortical thickness in frontotemporal dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and alzheimer's disease

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 857-874

  Hartikainen, Päivi ^a,b   Räsänen, Janne ^b   Julkunen, Valtteri ^b   Niskanen, Eini ^b   Hallikainen, Merja ^b   Kivipelto, Miia ^c   Vanninen, Ritva ^a   Remes, Anne M ^d   Soininen, Hilkka ^a,b  

^a KUOPIO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND   (Finland)

^c KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; cortical thickness analysis; frontotemporal dementia; magnetic resonance imaging; mild cognitive impairment

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; AUTOMATION; BRAIN ATROPHY; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN REGION; BRAIN SIZE; CINGULATE GYRUS; CINGULUM; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORTICAL THICKNESS; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; FEMALE; FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; FUSIFORM GYRUS; HEMISPHERE; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; LANGUAGE TEST; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; OCCIPITAL LOBE; OCCIPITOPARIETAL LOBE; PARAHIPPOCAMPUS; PARIETAL LOBE; PERICALCARINE REGION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCREENING TEST; TEMPORAL LOBE; UNCUS;

EID: 84862995069     PISSN: 13872877     EISSN: 18758908     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2012-112060     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Grossman M (2010) Biomarkers in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Curr Opin Neurol 23, 643-648.
2. Piguet O, Hornberger M, Mioshi E, Hodges JR (2011) Behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia: Diagnosis, clinical staging, and management. Lancet Neurol 10, 162-172.
3. Ratnavalli E, Brayne C, Dawson K, Hodges JR (2002) The prevalence of frontotemporal dementia. Neurology 58, 1615-1621.
4. Rosso SM, Donker Kaat L, Baks T, Joosse M, de Koning I, Pijnenburg Y, de Jong D, Dooijes D, Kamphorst W, Ravid R, Niermeijer MF, Verheij F, Kremer HP, Scheltens P, van Duijn CM, Heutink P, van Swieten JC (2003) Frontotemporal dementia in The Netherlands: Patient characteristics andprevalence estimates from a population-based study. Brain 126, 2016-2022.
5. Harvey RJ, Skelton-Robinson M, Rossor MN (2003) The prevalence and causes of dementia in people under the age of 65 years. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74, 1206-1209.
6. Gislason TB, Sjogren M, Larsson L, Skoog I (2003) The prevalence of frontal variant frontotemporal dementia and the frontal lobe syndrome in a population based sample of 85 year olds. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74, 867-871.
7. Neary D, Snowden JS, Gustafson L, Passant U, Stuss D, Black S, Freedman M, Kertesz A, Robert PH, Albert M, Boone K, Miller BL, Cummings J, Benson DF (1998) Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. Neurology 51, 1546-1554.
8. Seelaar H, Rohrer JD, Pijnenburg YA, Fox NC, van Swieten JC (2010) Clinical, genetic and pathological heterogeneity of frontotemporal dementia: A review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 82, 476-486.
9. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM (1984) Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDAWork Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 34, 939-944.
10. Varma AR, Snowden JS, Lloyd JJ, Talbot PR, Mann DM, Neary D (1999) Evaluation of the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria in the differentiation of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 66, 184-188.
11. Mendez MF, Shapira JS, McMurtray A, Licht E, Miller BL (2007) Accuracy of the clinical evaluation for frontotemporal dementia. Arch Neurol 64, 830-835.
12. Siri S, Benaglio I, Frigerio A, Binetti G, Cappa SF (2001) A brief neuropsychological assessment for the differential diagnosis between frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurol 8, 125-132.
13. Taylor KI, Probst A, Miserez AR, Monsch AU, Tolnay M, Medscape (2008) Clinical course of neuropathologically confirmed frontal-variant Alzheimer's disease. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 4, 226-232.
14. Galton CJ, Patterson K, Xuereb JH, Hodges JR (2000) Atypical and typical presentations of Alzheimer's disease: A clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging and pathological study of 13 cases. Brain 123, 484-498.
15. Johnson JK, Head E, Kim R, Starr A, Cotman CW (1999) Clinical and pathological evidence for a frontal variant of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 56, 1233-1239.
16. Gorno-Tempini ML, Brambati SM, GinexV,Ogar J, Dronkers NF, Marcone A, Perani D, Garibotto V, Cappa SF, Miller BL (2008) The logopenic/phonological variant of primary progressive aphasia. Neurology 71, 1227-1234.
17. Rogalski E, Cobia D, Harrison TM, Wieneke C, Weintraub S, MesulamMM(2011) Progression of language decline and cortical atrophy in subtypes of primary progressive aphasia. Neurology 76, 1804-1810.
18. Migliaccio R, Agosta F, RascovskyK, Karydas A, Bonasera S, Rabinovici GD, Miller BL, Gorno-Tempini ML (2009) Clinical syndromes associated with posterior atrophy: Early age at onset AD spectrum. Neurology 73, 1571-1578.
19. Lehmann M, Rohrer JD, Clarkson MJ, Ridgway GR, Scahill RI, Modat M, Warren JD, Ourselin S, Barnes J, Rossor MN, Fox NC (2010) Reduced cortical thickness in the posterior cingulate gyrus is characteristic of both typical and atypical Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 20, 587-598.
20. Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, Cummings JL, Dekosky ST, Barberger-Gateau P, Delacourte A, Frisoni G, Fox NC, Galasko D, Gauthier S, Hampel H, Jicha GA, Meguro K, O'Brien J, Pasquier F, Robert P, Rossor M, Salloway S, Sarazin M, de Souza LC, Stern Y, Visser PJ, Scheltens P (2010) Revising the definition of Alzheimer's disease: A new lexicon. Lancet Neurol 9, 1118-1127.
21. Ashburner J, Andersson JL, Friston KJ (2000) Image registration using a symmetric prior-in three dimensions. Hum Brain Mapp 9, 212-225.
22. Das SR,Avants BB, Grossman M, Gee JC (2009) Registration based cortical thickness measurement. Neuroimage 45, 867-879
23. Fischl B, Dale AM (2000) Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, 11050-11055.
24. Lerch JP, Evans AC (2005) Cortical thickness analysis examined through power analysis and a population simulation. Neuroimage 24, 163-173.
25. Kim JS, Singh V, Lee JK, Lerch J, Ad-Dab'bagh Y, MacDonald D, Lee JM, Kim SI, Evans AC (2005) Automated 3-D extraction and evaluation of the inner and outer cortical surfaces using a Laplacian map and partial volume effect classification. Neuroimage 27, 210-221.
26. Du AT, Schuff N, Kramer JH, Rosen HJ, Gorno-Tempini ML, Rankin K, Miller BL, Weiner MW (2007) Different regional patterns of cortical thinning in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Brain 130, 1159-1166.
27. Richards BA, Chertkow H, Singh V, Robillard A, Massoud F, Evans AC, Kabani NJ (2009) Patterns of cortical thinning in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 30, 1626-1636.
28. Rohrer JD, Warren JD, Modat M, Ridgway GR, Douiri A, Rossor MN, Ourselin S, Fox NC (2009) Patterns of cortical thinning in the language variants of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neurology 72, 1562-1569.
29. Avants BB, Cook PA, Ungar L, Gee JC, Grossman M (2010) Dementia induces correlated reductions in white matter integrity and cortical thickness: A multivariate neuroimaging study with sparse canonical correlation analysis. Neuroimage 50, 1004-1016.
30. Lehmann M, Douiri A, Kim LG, Modat M, Chan D, Ourselin S, Barnes J, Fox NC (2010) Atrophy patterns in Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia: A comparison of FreeSurfer and manual volumetric measurements. Neuroimage 49, 2264-2274.
31. Gunawardena D, Ash S, McMillan C, Avants B, Gee J, Grossman M (2010) Why are patients with progressive nonfluent aphasia nonfluent? Neurology 75, 588-594.
32. van Swieten JC, Heutink P (2008) Mutations in progranulin (GRN) within the spectrum of clinical and pathological phenotypes of frontotemporal dementia. Lancet Neurol 7, 965-974.
33. Beck J, Rohrer JD, Campbell T, Isaacs A, Morrison KE, Goodall EF, Warrington EK, Stevens J, Revesz T, Holton J, Al-Sarraj S, King A, Scahill R, Warren JD, Fox NC, Rossor MN, Collinge J, Mead S (2008) A distinct clinical, neuropsychological and radiological phenotype is associated with progranulin gene mutations in a large UK series. Brain 131, 706-720.
34. Rohrer JD, Ridgway GR, Modat M, Ourselin S, Mead S, Fox NC, Rossor MN, Warren JD (2010) Distinct profiles of brain atrophy in frontotemporal lobar degeneration caused by progranulin and tau mutations. Neuroimage 53, 1070-1076.
35. Eskildsen SF, Ostergaard LR, Rodell AB, Ostergaard L, Nielsen JE, Isaacs AM, Johannsen P (2009) Cortical volumes and atrophy rates in FTD-3 CHMP2B mutation carriers and related non-carriers. Neuroimage 45, 713-721.
36. Julkunen V, Niskanen E, Muehlboeck S, Pihlajamaki M, Kononen M, Hallikainen M, Kivipelto M, Tervo S, Vanninen R, Evans A, Soininen H (2009) Cortical thickness analysis to detect progressive mild cognitive impairment: A reference to Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 28, 404-412.
37. Julkunen V, Niskanen E, Koikkalainen J, Herukka SK, Pihlajamaki M, Hallikainen M, Kivipelto M, Muehlboeck S, Evans AC, Vanninen R, Soininen H (2010) Differences in cortical thickness in healthy controls, subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's bisease patients:ALongitudinal Study. J Alzheimers Dis 21, 1114-1151.
38. Lerch JP, Pruessner JC, Zijdenbos A, Hampel H, Teipel SJ, Evans AC (2005) Focal decline of cortical thickness in Alzheimer's disease identified by computational neuroanatomy. Cereb Cortex 15, 995-1001.
39. Singh V, Chertkow H, Lerch JP, Evans AC, Dorr AE, Kabani NJ (2006) Spatial patterns of cortical thinning in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Brain 129, 2885-2893.
40. Apostolova LG, Steiner CA, Akopyan GG, Dutton RA, Hayashi KM, TogaAW, Cummings JL, ThompsonPM(2007) Three-dimensional gray matter atrophy mapping in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 64, 1489-1495.
41. Lerch JP, Pruessner J, Zijdenbos AP, Collins DL, Teipel SJ, Hampel H, Evans AC (2008) Automated cortical thickness measurements from MRI can accurately separate Alzheimer's patients from normal elderly controls. Neurobiol Aging 29, 23-30.
42. Querbes O, Aubry F, Pariente J, Lotterie JA, Demonet JF, Duret V, Puel M, Berry I, Fort JC, Celsis P, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging, Initiative (2009) Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using cortical thickness: Impact of cognitive reserve. Brain 132, 2036-2047.
43. Im K, Lee JM, Seo SW, Yoon U, Kim ST, Kim YH, Kim SI, Na DL (2008) Variations in cortical thickness with dementia severity in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 436, 227-231.
44. Wolz R, Julkunen V, Koikkalainen J, Niskanen E, Zhang DP, Rueckert D, Soininen H, Lotjonen J, Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (2011) Multi-method analysis of MRI images in early diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 6, e25446.
45. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975) Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12, 189-198.
46. Hughes CP, Berg L, Danziger WL, Coben LA, Martin RL (1982) A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. Br J Psychiatry 140, 566-572.
47. Kaplan E, Goodglass H, Weintraub S (1983) The Boston naming test, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.
48. Wecsler D (1981) WAIS-R: Manual: Wecsler Adult Intelligence Scale -Revised (WAIS-R). Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, T.X.
49. Helkala EL, Laulumaa V, Soininen H, Riekkinen PJ (1988) Recall and recognition memory in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Ann Neurol 24, 214-217.
50. Russel EW (1975) A multiple scoring method for assessment of complex memory functions. J Consult Clin Psychology 43, 800-809.
51. Wecsler D (1945) A standardized memory scale for clinical use. J Psychology 19, 87-95.
52. Reitan RM (1958) Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Motor Skills, 271-276.
53. Borkowski JG, Benton AL, Spreen O (1967) Word fluency and brain damage. Neuropsychologia 5, 135-140.
54. Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Laakso MP, Hanninen T, Hallikainen M, Alhainen K, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A (2001) Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease in later life: Longitudinal, population based study. BMJ 322, 1447-1451.
55. Hanninen T, Hallikainen M, Tuomainen S, Vanhanen M, Soininen H (2002) Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment: A population-based study in elderly subjects. Acta Neurol Scand 106, 148-154.
56. Pennanen C, Testa C, LaaksoMP, Hallikainen M, Helkala EL, Hanninen T, Kivipelto M, Kononen M, Nissinen A, Tervo S, Vanhanen M, Vanninen R, Frisoni GB, Soininen H (2005) A voxel based morphometry study on mild cognitive impairment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76, 11-14.
57. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Washington, D.C.
58. Braak H, Alafuzoff I, Arzberger T, Kretzschmar H, Del Tredici K (2006) Staging of Alzheimer disease-associated neurofibrillary pathology using paraffin sections and immunocytochemistry. Acta Neuropathol 112, 389-404.
59. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Schaid DJ, Thibodeau SN, Kokmen E, Waring SC, Kurland LT (1995) Apolipoprotein E status as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired individuals. JAMA 273, 1274-1278.
60. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Kokmen E, Tangelos EG (1997) Aging, memory, and mild cognitive impairment. Int Psychogeriatr 9, 65-69.
61. Hanninen T, Hallikainen M, Koivisto K, Partanen K, Laakso MP, Riekkinen PJS, SoininenH(1997) Decline of frontal lobe functions in subjects with age-associated memory impairment. Neurology 48, 148-153.
62. Mazziotta J, Toga A, Evans A, Fox P, Lancaster J, Zilles K, Woods R, Paus T, Simpson G, Pike B, Holmes C, Collins L, Thompson P, MacDonald D, Iacoboni M, Schormann T, Amunts K, Palomero-Gallagher N, Geyer S, Parsons L, Narr K, Kabani N, Le Goualher G, Boomsma D, Cannon T, Kawashima R, Mazoyer B (2001) A probabilistic atlas and reference system for the human brain: International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM). Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 356, 1293-1322.
63. Sled JG, Zijdenbos AP, Evans AC (1998) A nonparametric method for automatic correction of intensity nonuniformity in MRI data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 17, 87-97.
64. SmithSM(2002) Fast robust automated brain extraction.Hum Brain Mapp 17, 143-155.
65. Tohka J, Zijdenbos A, Evans A (2004) Fast and robust parameter estimation for statistical partial volume models in brain MRI. Neuroimage 23, 84-97.
66. Zijdenbos A (1998) Automatic quantification of MS lesions in 3D MRI brain data sets; validitation of INSECT. 1496, 439-448.
67. Chung MK, Taylor J (2004) Diffusion smoothing on brain surface via finite element method. IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Macro to Nano, 425-435.
68. Genovese CR, Lazar NA, Nichols T (2002) Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate. Neuroimage 15, 870-878.
69. Siegel S, Castellan NJJ (1988) In: Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, pp. 213-215.
70. Baker M, Mackenzie IR, Pickering-Brown SM, Gass J, Rademakers R, Lindholm C, Snowden J, Adamson J, SadovnickAD, Rollinson S, Cannon A, Dwosh E, Neary D, Melquist S, Richardson A, Dickson D, Berger Z, Eriksen J, Robinson T, Zehr C, Dickey CA, Crook R,McGowan E, Mann D, Boeve B, Feldman H, HuttonM(2006) Mutations in progranulin cause tau-negative frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 17. Nature 442, 916-919.
71. Cruts M, Gijselinck I, van der Zee J, Engelborghs S, Wils H, Pirici D, Rademakers R, Vandenberghe R, Dermaut B, Martin JJ, van Duijn C, Peeters K, Sciot R, Santens P, De Pooter T, Mattheijssens M, Van den Broeck M, Cuijt I, Vennekens K, De Deyn PP, Kumar-Singh S, Van Broeckhoven C (2006) Null mutations in progranulin cause ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 17q21. Nature 442, 920-924.
72. Grossman M, McMillan C, Moore P, Ding L, Glosser G,Work M, Gee J (2004) What's in a name:Voxel-based morphometric analyses of MRI and naming difficulty in Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and corticobasal degeneration. Brain 127, 628-649.
73. Boccardi M, Sabattoli F, Laakso MP, Testa C, Rossi R, Beltramello A, Soininen H, Frisoni GB (2005) Frontotemporal dementia as a neural system disease. Neurobiol Aging 26, 37-44.
74. Barnes J, Whitwell JL, Frost C, Josephs KA, Rossor M, Fox NC (2006) Measurements of the amygdala and hippocampus in pathologically confirmed Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Arch Neurol 63, 1434-1439.
75. Barnes J, Godbolt AK, Frost C, Boyes RG, Jones BF, Scahill RI, Rossor MN, Fox NC (2007) Atrophy rates of the cingulate gyrus and hippocampus in AD and FTLD. Neurobiol Aging 28, 20-28.
76. Josephs KA, Whitwell JL, Jack CR, Parisi JE, Dickson DW (2006) Frontotemporal lobar degeneration without lobar atrophy. Arch Neurol 63, 1632-1638.
77. Schroeter ML, Raczka K, Neumann J, von CramonDY(2008) Neural networks in frontotemporal dementia-a meta-analysis. Neurobiol Aging 29, 418-426.
78. Broe M, Hodges JR, Schofield E, Shepherd CE, Kril JJ, Halliday GM (2003) Staging disease severity in pathologically confirmed cases of frontotemporal dementia. Neurology 60, 1005-1011.
79. Rosen HJ, Gorno-Tempini ML, Goldman WP, Perry RJ, Schuff N,Weiner M, Feiwell R, Kramer JH, Miller BL (2002) Patterns of brain atrophy in frontotemporal dementia and semantic dementia. Neurology 58, 198-208.
80. Whitwell JL, Sampson EL, Loy CT, Warren JE, Rossor MN, Fox NC, Warren JD (2007) VBM signatures of abnormal eating behaviours in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neuroimage 35, 207-213.
81. Young K, Du AT, Kramer J, Rosen H, Miller B, Weiner M, Schuff N (2009) Patterns of structural complexity in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia.HumBrain Mapp 30, 1667-1677.
82. Avants B, Khan A, McCluskey L, Elman L, Grossman M (2009) Longitudinal cortical atrophy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia. Arch Neurol 66, 138-139.
83. Matsuda H (2001) Cerebral blood flow and metabolic abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Nucl Med 15, 85-92.
84. PetersenRC(2004) Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med 256, 183-194.
85. Josephs KA, Petersen RC, Knopman DS, Boeve BF, Whitwell JL, Duffy JR, Parisi JE, Dickson DW (2006) Clinicopathologic analysis of frontotemporal and corticobasal degenerations and PSP. Neurology 66, 41-48.
86. Grossman M, Wood EM, Moore P, Neumann M, Kwong L, Forman MS, Clark CM, McCluskey LF, Miller BL, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ (2007) TDP-43 pathologic lesions and clinical phenotype in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions. Arch Neurol 64, 1449-1454.
87. Mion M, Patterson K, Acosta-Cabronero J, Pengas G, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Hong YT, Fryer TD, Williams GB, Hodges JR, Nestor PJ (2010) What the left and right anterior fusiform gyri tell us about semantic memory. Brain 133, 3256-3268.
88. Lehmann M, Crutch SJ, Ridgway GR, Ridha BH, Barnes J, Warrington EK, Rossor MN, Fox NC (2009) Cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry in posterior cortical atrophy and typical Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol (Aging) 32, 1466-1476.
89. Avants B, Cook PA, McMillan C, Grossman M, Tustison NJ, Zheng Y, Gee JC (2010) Sparse unbiased analysis of anatomical variance in longitudinal imaging. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv 13, 324-331.
90. Stonnington CM, Tan G, Kloppel S, Chu C, Draganski B, Jack CR Jr, Chen K, Ashburner J, Frackowiak RS (2008) Interpreting scan data acquired from multiple scanners: A study with Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 39, 1180-1185.
91. Cairns NJ, Bigio EH, Mackenzie IR, Neumann M, Lee VM, Hatanpaa KJ, White CL, 3rd, Schneider JA, Grinberg LT, Halliday G, Duyckaerts C, Lowe JS, Holm IE, Tolnay M, Okamoto K, Yokoo H, Murayama S, Woulfe J, Munoz DG, Dickson DW, Ince PG, Trojanowski JQ, Mann DM Consortium for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (2007) Neuropathologic diagnostic and nosologic criteria for frontotemporal lobar degeneration: Consensus of the consortium for frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Acta Neuropathol 114, 5-22.
92. Kaivorinne AL, Kruger J,KuivaniemiK, Tuominen H, Moilanen V, Majamaa K, Remes AM (2008) Role of MAPT mutations and haplotype in frontotemporal lobar degeneration in Northern Finland. BMC Neurol 8, 48.
93. Kruger J, Kaivorinne AL, Udd B, Majamaa K, Remes AM (2009) Low prevalence of progranulin mutations in Finnish patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Eur J Neurol 16, 27-30.
94. Kaivorinne AL, Kruger J, Udd B, Majamaa K, Remes AM (2010) Mutations in CHMP2B are not a cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration in Finnish patients. Eur J Neurol 17, 1393-1395.