메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 48, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 148-153

Decline of frontal lobe functions in subjects with age-associated memory impairment

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; AMNESIA; ARTICLE; BRAIN FUNCTION; COGNITION; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; TASK PERFORMANCE; VERBAL MEMORY;

EID: 0343812073     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.48.1.148     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (106)

References (71)
  • 3
    • 0001884474 scopus 로고
    • Normal aging of the nervous system
    • Katzman R, Rowe JW, eds. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis
    • Katzman R, Terry R. Normal aging of the nervous system. In: Katzman R, Rowe JW, eds. Principles of geriatric neurology. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 1992:18-57.
    • (1992) Principles of Geriatric Neurology , pp. 18-57
    • Katzman, R.1    Terry, R.2
  • 4
    • 0002120941 scopus 로고
    • Early effects of normal aging on perseverative and non-perseverative prefrontal measures
    • Daigneault S, Braun CMJ, Whitaker HA. Early effects of normal aging on perseverative and non-perseverative prefrontal measures. Dev Neuropsychol 1992;8:99-114.
    • (1992) Dev Neuropsychol , vol.8 , pp. 99-114
    • Daigneault, S.1    Braun, C.M.J.2    Whitaker, H.A.3
  • 5
    • 0000873545 scopus 로고
    • Senescent forgetfulness: Benign and malignant
    • Krai VA. Senescent forgetfulness: benign and malignant. Can Med Assoc J 1962;86:257-260.
    • (1962) Can Med Assoc J , vol.86 , pp. 257-260
    • Krai, V.A.1
  • 6
    • 84927084331 scopus 로고
    • Age-associated memory impairment: Proposed diagnostic criteria and measures of clinical change - Report of a National Institute of Mental Health work group
    • Crook T, Bartus RT, Ferris SH, Whitehouse P, Cohen GD, Gershon S. Age-associated memory impairment: proposed diagnostic criteria and measures of clinical change - report of a National Institute of Mental Health work group. Dev Neuropsychol 1986;2:261-276.
    • (1986) Dev Neuropsychol , vol.2 , pp. 261-276
    • Crook, T.1    Bartus, R.T.2    Ferris, S.H.3    Whitehouse, P.4    Cohen, G.D.5    Gershon, S.6
  • 7
    • 0001296825 scopus 로고
    • Genuine memory deficits in age-associated memory impairment
    • Buschke H, Grober E. Genuine memory deficits in age-associated memory impairment. Dev Neuropsychol 1986;2: 287-307.
    • (1986) Dev Neuropsychol , vol.2 , pp. 287-307
    • Buschke, H.1    Grober, E.2
  • 9
    • 0002852998 scopus 로고
    • Memory and dementia: A longitudinal survey of suburban elderly
    • Lovibond P, Wilson P, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Lane F, Snowdon J. Memory and dementia: a longitudinal survey of suburban elderly. In: Lovibond P, Wilson P, eds. Clinical and abnormal psychology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989:365-376.
    • (1989) Clinical and Abnormal Psychology , pp. 365-376
    • Lane, F.1    Snowdon, J.2
  • 10
    • 0028929939 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of age-associated memory impairment in a randomly selected population from eastern Finland
    • Koivisto K, Reinikainen KJ, Hänninen T, et al. Prevalence of age-associated memory impairment in a randomly selected population from eastern Finland. Neurology 1995;45:741-747.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 741-747
    • Koivisto, K.1    Reinikainen, K.J.2    Hänninen, T.3
  • 11
    • 0029022077 scopus 로고
    • A follow-up study of age-associated memory impairment: Neuropsychological predictors of dementia
    • Hänninen T, Hallikainen M, Koivisto K, et al. A follow-up study of age-associated memory impairment: neuropsychological predictors of dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:1007-1015.
    • (1995) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.43 , pp. 1007-1015
    • Hänninen, T.1    Hallikainen, M.2    Koivisto, K.3
  • 12
    • 0024232135 scopus 로고
    • Does "benign senescent forgetfulness" exist?
    • Bamford KA, Caine ED. Does "benign senescent forgetfulness" exist? Clin Geriatr Med 1988;4:897-916.
    • (1988) Clin Geriatr Med , vol.4 , pp. 897-916
    • Bamford, K.A.1    Caine, E.D.2
  • 13
    • 84952387470 scopus 로고
    • Criteria for diagnosing age-associated memory impairment: Proposed improvements from the field
    • Blackford RC, La Rue A. Criteria for diagnosing age-associated memory impairment: proposed improvements from the field. Dev Neuropsychol 1989;5:295-306.
    • (1989) Dev Neuropsychol , vol.5 , pp. 295-306
    • Blackford, R.C.1    La Rue, A.2
  • 14
    • 0026269774 scopus 로고
    • Age-associated memory impairment diagnoses: Problems of reliability and concerns for terminology
    • Smith G, Ivnik RJ, Petersen RC, Malec JF, Kokmen E, Tangalos E. Age-associated memory impairment diagnoses: problems of reliability and concerns for terminology. Psychol Aging 1991;6:551-558.
    • (1991) Psychol Aging , vol.6 , pp. 551-558
    • Smith, G.1    Ivnik, R.J.2    Petersen, R.C.3    Malec, J.F.4    Kokmen, E.5    Tangalos, E.6
  • 15
    • 0026512778 scopus 로고
    • Age-associated memory impairment: Too broad an entity to justify drug treatment yet
    • O'Brien JT, Levy R. Age-associated memory impairment: too broad an entity to justify drug treatment yet. BMJ 1992;304: 5-6.
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.304 , pp. 5-6
    • O'Brien, J.T.1    Levy, R.2
  • 16
    • 0027381545 scopus 로고
    • Neurologic function in the optimally healthy oldest old: Neuropsychological evaluation
    • Howieson DB, Holm LA, Kaye JA, Oken BS, Howieson J. Neurologic function in the optimally healthy oldest old: neuropsychological evaluation. Neurology 1993;43:1882-1886.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 1882-1886
    • Howieson, D.B.1    Holm, L.A.2    Kaye, J.A.3    Oken, B.S.4    Howieson, J.5
  • 18
    • 0000142121 scopus 로고
    • Working memory as a processing resource in cognitive aging
    • Salthouse TA. Working memory as a processing resource in cognitive aging. Dev Rev 1990;10:101-124.
    • (1990) Dev Rev , vol.10 , pp. 101-124
    • Salthouse, T.A.1
  • 19
    • 0002404335 scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of the inhibitory mechanism: Toward a unified theory of cognitive development and aging
    • Dempster FN. The rise and fall of the inhibitory mechanism: toward a unified theory of cognitive development and aging. Dev Rev 1992;12:45-75.
    • (1992) Dev Rev , vol.12 , pp. 45-75
    • Dempster, F.N.1
  • 20
    • 0027715038 scopus 로고
    • Working memory and the Self-Ordered Pointing Task: Further evidence of early prefrontal decline in normal aging
    • Daigneault S, Braun CMJ. Working memory and the Self-Ordered Pointing Task: further evidence of early prefrontal decline in normal aging. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1993;15: 881-895.
    • (1993) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.15 , pp. 881-895
    • Daigneault, S.1    Braun, C.M.J.2
  • 21
    • 0025029346 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language, and memory
    • Mesulam M-M. Large-scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language, and memory. Ann Neurol 1990;28:597-613.
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 597-613
    • Mesulam, M.-M.1
  • 22
    • 0025834001 scopus 로고
    • Frontal lobe function in Korsakoff and non-Korsakoff alcoholics: Planning and spatial working memory
    • Joyce EM, Robbins TW. Frontal lobe function in Korsakoff and non-Korsakoff alcoholics: planning and spatial working memory. Neuropsychologia 1991;29:709-723.
    • (1991) Neuropsychologia , vol.29 , pp. 709-723
    • Joyce, E.M.1    Robbins, T.W.2
  • 23
    • 0027459003 scopus 로고
    • Functional activation of the human frontal cortex during the performance of verbal working memory tasks
    • Petrides M, Alivisatos B, Meyer E, Evans AC. Functional activation of the human frontal cortex during the performance of verbal working memory tasks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90:878-882.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 878-882
    • Petrides, M.1    Alivisatos, B.2    Meyer, E.3    Evans, A.C.4
  • 24
    • 0022350251 scopus 로고
    • Frontal lobes and the temporal organization of memory
    • Milner B, Petrides M, Smith ML. Frontal lobes and the temporal organization of memory. Human Neurobiol 1985;4:137-142.
    • (1985) Human Neurobiol , vol.4 , pp. 137-142
    • Milner, B.1    Petrides, M.2    Smith, M.L.3
  • 25
    • 0024384247 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment following frontal lobe damage and its relevance to human amnesia
    • Janowsky JS, Shimamura AP, Kritchevsky M, Squire LR. Cognitive impairment following frontal lobe damage and its relevance to human amnesia. Behav Neurosci 1989;103:548-560.
    • (1989) Behav Neurosci , vol.103 , pp. 548-560
    • Janowsky, J.S.1    Shimamura, A.P.2    Kritchevsky, M.3    Squire, L.R.4
  • 26
    • 0027284026 scopus 로고
    • Strategic search and retrieval inhibition: The role of the frontal lobes
    • Incisa della Rocchetta A, Milner B. Strategic search and retrieval inhibition: the role of the frontal lobes. Neuropsychologia 1993;31:503-524.
    • (1993) Neuropsychologia , vol.31 , pp. 503-524
    • Incisa Della Rocchetta, A.1    Milner, B.2
  • 27
    • 0000093055 scopus 로고
    • What is the role of frontal lobe damage in memory disorders?
    • Levin HS, Eisenberg HM, Benton AL, eds. New York: Oxford University Press
    • Shimamura AP, Janowsky JS, Squire LR. What is the role of frontal lobe damage in memory disorders? In: Levin HS, Eisenberg HM, Benton AL, eds. Frontal lobe function and dysfunction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991:173-195.
    • (1991) Frontal Lobe Function and Dysfunction , pp. 173-195
    • Shimamura, A.P.1    Janowsky, J.S.2    Squire, L.R.3
  • 28
    • 0027932872 scopus 로고
    • Volumetric MRI analysis of the amygdala and the hippocampus in the subjects with age-associated memory impairment: Correlation to visual and verbal memory
    • Soininen HS, Partanen K, Pitkänen A, et al. Volumetric MRI analysis of the amygdala and the hippocampus in the subjects with age-associated memory impairment: correlation to visual and verbal memory. Neurology 1994;44:1660-1668.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 1660-1668
    • Soininen, H.S.1    Partanen, K.2    Pitkänen, A.3
  • 29
    • 0026918950 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of memory complaints in age-associated memory impairment: The MAC-Q
    • Crook TH, Feher EP, Larrabee GJ. Assessment of memory complaints in age-associated memory impairment: the MAC-Q. Int Psychogeriatr 1992;4:165-176.
    • (1992) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.4 , pp. 165-176
    • Crook, T.H.1    Feher, E.P.2    Larrabee, G.J.3
  • 31
    • 84946642987 scopus 로고
    • A standardized memory scale for clinical use
    • Wechsler D. A standardized memory scale for clinical use. J Psychol 1945;19:87-95.
    • (1945) J Psychol , vol.19 , pp. 87-95
    • Wechsler, D.1
  • 33
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • "Mini-Mental state:" a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-Mental state:" a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatry Res 1975;12:189-198.
    • (1975) J Psychiatry Res , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 34
    • 0002136714 scopus 로고
    • The Geriatric Depression Rating Scale: Comparison with other self-report and psychiatric rating scales
    • Crook T, Ferris S, Bartus R, eds. New Canaan, CT: Mark Powley
    • Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Adey M. The Geriatric Depression Rating Scale: comparison with other self-report and psychiatric rating scales. In: Crook T, Ferris S, Bartus R, eds. Assessment in geriatric psychopharmacology. New Canaan, CT: Mark Powley, 1983:153-167.
    • (1983) Assessment in Geriatric Psychopharmacology , pp. 153-167
    • Yesavage, J.A.1    Brink, T.L.2    Rose, T.L.3    Adey, M.4
  • 36
    • 0023424981 scopus 로고
    • Episodic and semantic memory: A comparison of amnesic and demented patients
    • Butters N, Granholm E, Salmon DP, Grant I. Episodic and semantic memory: a comparison of amnesic and demented patients. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1987;9:479-497.
    • (1987) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.9 , pp. 479-497
    • Butters, N.1    Granholm, E.2    Salmon, D.P.3    Grant, I.4
  • 37
    • 0000119553 scopus 로고
    • Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage
    • Reitan RM. Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Skills 1958;8:271-276.
    • (1958) Percept Mot Skills , vol.8 , pp. 271-276
    • Reitan, R.M.1
  • 38
    • 0017033821 scopus 로고
    • A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects
    • Nelson HE. A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects. Cortex 1976;12:313-324.
    • (1976) Cortex , vol.12 , pp. 313-324
    • Nelson, H.E.1
  • 40
    • 0026776257 scopus 로고
    • Population-based dementia screening program in Kuopio: The effect of education, age, and sex on brief neuropsychological tests
    • Koivisto K, Helkala E-L, Reinikainen KJ, et al. Population-based dementia screening program in Kuopio: the effect of education, age, and sex on brief neuropsychological tests. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1992;5:162-171.
    • (1992) J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 162-171
    • Koivisto, K.1    Helkala, E.-L.2    Reinikainen, K.J.3
  • 41
    • 0028900456 scopus 로고
    • Volumes of hippocampus, amygdala and frontal lobes in the MRI-based diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with memory functions
    • Laakso MP, Soininen H, Partanen K, et al. Volumes of hippocampus, amygdala and frontal lobes in the MRI-based diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease: correlation with memory functions. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 1995;9:73-86.
    • (1995) J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect , vol.9 , pp. 73-86
    • Laakso, M.P.1    Soininen, H.2    Partanen, K.3
  • 42
    • 0025392613 scopus 로고
    • Relations between source amnesia and frontal lobe functioning in older adults
    • Craik FIM, Morris LW, Morris RG, Loewen ER. Relations between source amnesia and frontal lobe functioning in older adults. Psychol Aging 1990;5:148-151.
    • (1990) Psychol Aging , vol.5 , pp. 148-151
    • Craik, F.I.M.1    Morris, L.W.2    Morris, R.G.3    Loewen, E.R.4
  • 43
    • 0026870887 scopus 로고
    • Recollective experience, normal aging, and frontal dysfunction
    • Parkin AJ, Walter BM. Recollective experience, normal aging, and frontal dysfunction. Psychol Aging 1992;7:290-298.
    • (1992) Psychol Aging , vol.7 , pp. 290-298
    • Parkin, A.J.1    Walter, B.M.2
  • 44
    • 0028081815 scopus 로고
    • A dissociation in the relation between memory tasks and frontal lobe tests in the normal elderly
    • Parkin AJ, Lawrence A. A dissociation in the relation between memory tasks and frontal lobe tests in the normal elderly. Neuropsychologia 1994;32:1523-1532.
    • (1994) Neuropsychologia , vol.32 , pp. 1523-1532
    • Parkin, A.J.1    Lawrence, A.2
  • 45
    • 0028351945 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between measures of auditory verbal learning and executive functioning
    • Vanderploeg RD, Schinka JA, Retzlaff P. Relationships between measures of auditory verbal learning and executive functioning. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1994;16:243-252.
    • (1994) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.16 , pp. 243-252
    • Vanderploeg, R.D.1    Schinka, J.A.2    Retzlaff, P.3
  • 46
    • 0026587594 scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of two frontal lobe syndromes by a test of verbal fluency
    • Crowe SF. Dissociation of two frontal lobe syndromes by a test of verbal fluency. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1992;14:327-339.
    • (1992) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.14 , pp. 327-339
    • Crowe, S.F.1
  • 47
    • 0000672264 scopus 로고
    • Semantic and letter category naming in Alzheimer's patients: A predictable difference
    • Bayles KA, Salmon DP, Tomoeda CK, et al. Semantic and letter category naming in Alzheimer's patients: a predictable difference. Dev Neuropsychol 1989;5:335-347.
    • (1989) Dev Neuropsychol , vol.5 , pp. 335-347
    • Bayles, K.A.1    Salmon, D.P.2    Tomoeda, C.K.3
  • 48
    • 0026464481 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of verbal fluency tasks in the detection of dementia of the Alzheimer type
    • Monsch AU, Bondi MW, Butters N, Salmon DP, Katzman R, Thal LJ. Comparison of verbal fluency tasks in the detection of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol 1992;49:1253-1258.
    • (1992) Arch Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 1253-1258
    • Monsch, A.U.1    Bondi, M.W.2    Butters, N.3    Salmon, D.P.4    Katzman, R.5    Thal, L.J.6
  • 49
    • 0026028944 scopus 로고
    • Frontal dysfunction and memory deficits in the alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome and Alzheimer-type dementia
    • Kopelman MD. Frontal dysfunction and memory deficits in the alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome and Alzheimer-type dementia. Brain 1991;114:117-137.
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 117-137
    • Kopelman, M.D.1
  • 50
    • 0027182277 scopus 로고
    • Frontal lobe impairment in schizophrenia: Relationship to intellectual functioning
    • Crawford JR, Obonsavin MC, Bremner M. Frontal lobe impairment in schizophrenia: relationship to intellectual functioning. Psychol Med 1993;23:787-790.
    • (1993) Psychol Med , vol.23 , pp. 787-790
    • Crawford, J.R.1    Obonsavin, M.C.2    Bremner, M.3
  • 51
    • 0028271332 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between frontal lobe lesions and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Arnett PA, Rao SM, Bernardin L, Grafman J, Yetkin FZ, Lobeck L. Relationship between frontal lobe lesions and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1994;44:420-425.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 420-425
    • Arnett, P.A.1    Rao, S.M.2    Bernardin, L.3    Grafman, J.4    Yetkin, F.Z.5    Lobeck, L.6
  • 52
    • 0027534705 scopus 로고
    • Frontal lobe and fronto-striatal substrates for different forms of human cognitive flexibility
    • Eslinger PJ, Grattan LM. Frontal lobe and fronto-striatal substrates for different forms of human cognitive flexibility. Neuropsychologia 1994;31:17-28.
    • (1994) Neuropsychologia , vol.31 , pp. 17-28
    • Eslinger, P.J.1    Grattan, L.M.2
  • 53
    • 0000292303 scopus 로고
    • Circuitry of primate prefrontal cortex and regulation of behavior by representational memory
    • Mountcastle VB, Plum F, Geiger SR, eds. Bethesda, MD: American Psychiatric Association
    • Goldman-Rakic PS. Circuitry of primate prefrontal cortex and regulation of behavior by representational memory. In: Mountcastle VB, Plum F, Geiger SR, eds. Handbook of physiology. V. Higher functions of the brain. Bethesda, MD: American Psychiatric Association, 1987:373-417.
    • (1987) Handbook of Physiology. V. Higher Functions of the Brain , pp. 373-417
    • Goldman-Rakic, P.S.1
  • 54
    • 0027228122 scopus 로고
    • Proactive interference in patients with amnesia resulting from anterior communicating artery aneurysm
    • Van der Linden M, Bruyer R, Roland J, Schils JP. Proactive interference in patients with amnesia resulting from anterior communicating artery aneurysm. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1993;15:525-536.
    • (1993) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.15 , pp. 525-536
    • Van Der Linden, M.1    Bruyer, R.2    Roland, J.3    Schils, J.P.4
  • 55
    • 0039879239 scopus 로고
    • Attention and the brain
    • Friedman SL, Klivington KA, Petersen RW, eds. New York: Academic Press
    • Picton PW, Stuss DT, Marshall KC. Attention and the brain. In: Friedman SL, Klivington KA, Petersen RW, eds. The brain, cognition, and education. New York: Academic Press, 1986:19-79.
    • (1986) The Brain, Cognition, and Education , pp. 19-79
    • Picton, P.W.1    Stuss, D.T.2    Marshall, K.C.3
  • 56
    • 0025953651 scopus 로고
    • Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance as a measure of frontal lobe damage
    • Anderson SW, Damasio H, Jones RD, Tranel D. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance as a measure of frontal lobe damage. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1991;13:909-922.
    • (1991) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.13 , pp. 909-922
    • Anderson, S.W.1    Damasio, H.2    Jones, R.D.3    Tranel, D.4
  • 57
    • 0027318998 scopus 로고
    • A role for the hippocampus in card sorting?
    • Corcoran R, Upton D. A role for the hippocampus in card sorting? Cortex 1993;29:293-304.
    • (1993) Cortex , vol.29 , pp. 293-304
    • Corcoran, R.1    Upton, D.2
  • 58
    • 0027738582 scopus 로고
    • Wisconsin Card Sorting performance: Effects of age of onset of damage and laterality of dysfunction
    • Strauss E, Hunter M, Wada J. Wisconsin Card Sorting performance: effects of age of onset of damage and laterality of dysfunction. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1993;15:896-902.
    • (1993) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.15 , pp. 896-902
    • Strauss, E.1    Hunter, M.2    Wada, J.3
  • 59
    • 0028898950 scopus 로고
    • Category Test and Trail Making Test as measures of frontal lobe functions
    • Reitan RM, Wolfson D. Category Test and Trail Making Test as measures of frontal lobe functions. Clin Neuropsychologist 1995;9:50-56.
    • (1995) Clin Neuropsychologist , vol.9 , pp. 50-56
    • Reitan, R.M.1    Wolfson, D.2
  • 60
    • 0027985650 scopus 로고
    • Speed and flexibility on word fluency tasks after focal brain lesions
    • Vilkki J, Holst P. Speed and flexibility on word fluency tasks after focal brain lesions. Neuropsychologia 1994;32:1257-1262.
    • (1994) Neuropsychologia , vol.32 , pp. 1257-1262
    • Vilkki, J.1    Holst, P.2
  • 63
    • 0029111418 scopus 로고
    • Physiological activation of a cortical network during performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: A positron emission tomography study
    • Berman KF, Ostrem JL, Randolph C, et al. Physiological activation of a cortical network during performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: a positron emission tomography study. Neuropsychologia 1995;33:1027-1046.
    • (1995) Neuropsychologia , vol.33 , pp. 1027-1046
    • Berman, K.F.1    Ostrem, J.L.2    Randolph, C.3
  • 64
    • 0025186837 scopus 로고
    • The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in the Stroop attentional conflict paradigm
    • Pardo JV, Pardo PJ, Janer KW, Raichle ME. The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in the Stroop attentional conflict paradigm. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87:256-259.
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.87 , pp. 256-259
    • Pardo, J.V.1    Pardo, P.J.2    Janer, K.W.3    Raichle, M.E.4
  • 65
    • 0027365408 scopus 로고
    • Investigations of the functional anatomy of attention using the Stroop Test
    • Bench CJ, Frith CD, Grasby PM, et al. Investigations of the functional anatomy of attention using the Stroop Test. Neuropsychologia 1993;31:907-922.
    • (1993) Neuropsychologia , vol.31 , pp. 907-922
    • Bench, C.J.1    Frith, C.D.2    Grasby, P.M.3
  • 66
    • 0028916056 scopus 로고
    • Habituation of auditory N100 correlates with amygdaloid volumes and frontal functions in age-associated memory impairment
    • Soininen H, Karhu J, Partanen J, et al. Habituation of auditory N100 correlates with amygdaloid volumes and frontal functions in age-associated memory impairment. Physiol Behav 1995;57:927-935.
    • (1995) Physiol Behav , vol.57 , pp. 927-935
    • Soininen, H.1    Karhu, J.2    Partanen, J.3
  • 67
    • 0001546480 scopus 로고
    • "Age-associated memory impairment:" a critique
    • Rosen TJ. "Age-associated memory impairment:" a critique. Eur J Cogn Psychol 1990;2:275-287.
    • (1990) Eur J Cogn Psychol , vol.2 , pp. 275-287
    • Rosen, T.J.1
  • 68
    • 0043055857 scopus 로고
    • How common are cognitive impairment and dementia: An epidemiological viewpoint
    • Huppert FA, Brayne C, O'Connor DW, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Brayne C. How common are cognitive impairment and dementia: An epidemiological viewpoint. In: Huppert FA, Brayne C, O'Connor DW, eds. Dementia and normal aging. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994:167-207.
    • (1994) Dementia and Normal Aging , pp. 167-207
    • Brayne, C.1
  • 69
    • 0342913540 scopus 로고
    • Age-associated memory impairment. A real disease entity?
    • O'Brien JT. Age-associated memory impairment. A real disease entity? CNS Drugs 1994;1:89-94.
    • (1994) CNS Drugs , vol.1 , pp. 89-94
    • O'Brien, J.T.1
  • 70
    • 0029058370 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in the nondemented elderly: Results from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging
    • Ebly EM, Hogan DB, Parhad IM. Cognitive impairment in the nondemented elderly: results from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Arch Neurol 1995;52:612-619.
    • (1995) Arch Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 612-619
    • Ebly, E.M.1    Hogan, D.B.2    Parhad, I.M.3
  • 71
    • 0029282167 scopus 로고
    • Age-associated memory impairment: Sorting out the controversies
    • Larrabee GJ, McEntee WJ. Age-associated memory impairment: sorting out the controversies. Neurology 1995;45:611-614.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 611-614
    • Larrabee, G.J.1    McEntee, W.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.