Geochemical constraints on adakites of different origins and copper mineralization

Journal of Geology

Volumn 120, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 105-120

  Sun, Wei Dong ^a   Ling, Ming Xing ^a   Chung, Sun Lin ^b   Ding, Xing ^a   Yang, Xiao Yong ^c   Liang, Hua Ying ^a   Fan, Wei Ming ^a   Goldfarb, Richard ^d   Yin, Qing Zhu ^e  

^a GUANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF GEOCHEMISTRY   (China)

^b NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA   (China)

^d DENVER FEDERAL CENTER   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAKITE; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); CONTINENTAL CRUST; COPPER; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; FUGACITY; GOLD; IGNEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY; MINERAL EXPLORATION; MINERALIZATION; ORE DEPOSIT; OXYGEN; PARTIAL MELTING; PETROGENESIS; PLAGIOCLASE; PORPHYRY; SOURCE ROCK;

CHINA; DABIE MOUNTAINS;

EID: 84862925260     PISSN: 00221376     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/662736     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Arculus, R. J. 1994. Aspects of magma genesis in arcs. Lithos 33:189-208.
2. Bachmann, O.; Dungan, M. A.; and Bussy, F. 2005. Insights into shallow magmatic processes in large silicic magma bodies: the trace element record in the Fish Canyon magma body, Colorado. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 149:338-349.
3. Ballard, J. R.; Palin, J. M.; and Campbell, I. H. 2002. Relative oxidation states of magmas inferred from Ce(IV)/Ce(III) in zircon: application to porphyry copper deposits of northern Chile. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 144:347-364.
4. Ballhaus, C. 1993. Oxidation states of the lithospheric and asthenospheric upper mantle. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 114:331-348.
5. Brandon, A. D.; Creaser, R. A.; Shirey, S. B.; and Carlson, R. W. 1996. Osmium recycling in subduction zones. Science 272:861-864.
6. Brandon, A. D., and Draper, D. S. 1996. Constraints on the origin of the oxidation state of mantle overlying subduction zones: an example from Simcoe, Washington, USA. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60:1739-1749.
7. Burnham, C.W. 1975.Water and magmas: mixing model. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 39:1077-1084.
8. Castillo, P. R. 2006. An overview of adakite petrogenesis. Chin. Sci. Bull. 51:258-268.
9. Castillo, P. R.; Janney, P. E.; and Solidum, R. U. 1999. Petrology and geochemistry of Camiguin Island, southern Philippines: insights to the source of adakites and other lavas in a complex arc setting. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 134:33-51.
10. Chiaradia, M.; Fontbote, L.; and Beate, B. 2004. Cenozoic continental arc magmatism and associated mineralization in Ecuador. Mineral. Depos. 39:204-222.
11. Chung, S. L.; Liu, D. Y.; Ji, J. Q.; Chu, M. F.; Lee, H. Y.; Wen, D. J.; Lo, C. H.; Lee, T. Y.; Qian, Q.; and Zhang, Q. 2003. Adakites from continental collision zones: melting of thickened lower crust beneath southern Tibet. Geology 31:1021-1024.
12. Cline, J. S., and Bodnar, R. J. 1991. Can economic porphyry copper mineralization be generated by a typical calc-alkaline melt? J. Geophys. Res. 96:8113-8126.
13. Conrey, R. M.; Hooper, P. R.; Larson, P. B.; Chesley, J.; and Ruiz, J. 2001. Trace element and isotopic evidence for two types of crustal melting beneath a high cascade volcanic center, Mt. Jefferson, Oregon. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 141:710-732.
14. Cooke, D. R.; Hollings, P.; and Walsh, J. L. 2005. Giant porphyry deposits: characteristics, distribution, and tectonic controls. Econ. Geol. 100:801-818.
15. Defant, M. J., and Drummond, M. S. 1990. Derivation of some modern arc magmas by melting of young subducted lithosphere. Nature 347:662-665.
16. Defant, M. J.; Jackson, T. E.; Drummond, M. S.; Deboer, J. Z.; Bellon, H.; Feigenson, M. D.; Maury, R. C.; and Stewart, R. H. 1992. The geochemistry of young volcanism throughout western Panama and southeastern Costa Rica: an overview. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 149:569-579.
17. Defant, M. J.; Xu, J. F.; Kepezhinskas, P.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, Q.; and Xiao, L. 2002. Adakites: some variations on a theme. Acta Petrol. Sin. 18:129-142.
18. Ding, X.; Lundstrom, C.; Huang, F.; Li, J.; Zhang, Z. M.; Sun, X. M.; Liang, J. L.; and Sun, W. D. 2009. Natural and experimental constraints on formation of the continental crust based on niobium-tantalum fractionation. Int. Geol. Rev. 51:473-501.
19. Drummond, M. S.; Defant, M. J.; and Kepezhinskas, P. K. 1996. Petrogenesis of slab-derived trondhjemitetonalite-dacite/adakite magmas. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 87:205-215.
20. Espurt, N.; Funiciello, F.; Martinod, J.; Guillaume, B.; Regard, V.; Faccenna, C.; and Brusset, S. 2008. Flat subduction dynamics and deformation of the South American plate: insights from analog modeling. Tectonics 27:TC3011, doi:10.1029/2007tc002175.
21. Foley, S.; Tiepolo, M.; and Vannucci, R. 2002. Growth of early continental crust controlled by melting of amphibolite in subduction zones. Nature 417:837-840.
22. Gao, S.; Rudnick, R. L.; Yuan, H. L.; Liu, X. M.; Liu, Y. S.; Xu, W. L.; Ling, W. L.; Ayers, J.; Wang, X. C.; and Wang, Q. H. 2004. Recycling lower continental crust in the North China Craton. Nature 432:892-897.
23. Garrison, J. M., and Davidson, J. P. 2003. Dubious case for slab melting in the northern volcanic zone of the Andes. Geology 31:565-568.
24. Geochemical Earth Reference Model (GERM). 2011.Geochemical earth reference model. http://www.earthref.org/GERM/.
25. Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans and Continents (GEOROC). 2010. Geochemistry of rocks of the oceans and continents. http://georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/.
26. Guo, F.; Fan, W.; Li, C.; Zhang, S.-H.; Zhao, Y.; Song, B.; Yang, Z.; Hu, J.-M.; and Wu, H. 2006. Geochemistry of late Mesozoic adakites from the Sulu belt, eastern China: magma genesis and implications for crustal recycling beneath continental collisional orogens carboniferous granitic plutons from the northern margin of the North China Block: implications for a late Palaeozoic active continental margin. Geol. Mag. 143: 1-13.
27. Hacker, B. R.; Ratschbacher, L.; Webb, L.; Ireland, T.; Walker, D.; and Shuwen, D. 1998. U/Pb zircon ages constrain the architecture of the ultrahigh-pressure Qinling-Dabie orogen, China. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 161:215-230.
28. Hawkesworth, C. J.; Turner, S. P.; McDermott, F.; Peate, D. W.; and van Calsteren, P. 1997. U-Th isotopes in arc magmas: implications for element transfer from the subducted crust. Science 276:551-555.
29. Hildreth, W., and Moorbath, S. 1988. Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of central Chile. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 98:455-489.
30. Huang, F.; Li, S. G.; Dong, F.; He, Y. S.; and Chen, F. K. 2008. High-Mg adakitic rocks in the Dabie orogen, central China: implications for foundering mechanism of lower continental crust. Chem. Geol. 255:1-13.
31. Jagoutz, O.; Muntener, O.; Schmidt, M. W.; and Burg, J. P. 2011. The roles of flux and decompression melting and their respective fractionation lines for continental crust formation: evidence from the Kohistan arc. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 303:25-36.
32. Jahn, B. M.; Wu, F. Y.; Lo, C. H.; and Tsai, C. H. 1999. Crust-mantle interaction induced by deep subduction of the continental crust: geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic evidence from post-collisional mafic-ultramafic intrusions of the northern Dabie complex, central China. Chem. Geol. 157:119-146.
33. Jugo, P. J.; Luth, R. W.; and Richards, J. P. 2005. An experimental study of the sulfur content in basaltic melts saturated with immiscible sulfide or sulfate liquids at 1300°C and 1.0 GPa. J. Petrol. 46:783-798.
34. Kay, R. W. 1978. Aleutian magnesian andesite: melts from subducted Pacific Ocean crust. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 4:117-132.
35. Kay, R. W., and Kay, S. M. 2002. Andean adakites: three ways to make them. Acta Petrol. Sin. 18:303-311.
36. Kay, R. W.; Sun, S. S.; and Leehu, C. N. 1978. Pb and Sr isotopes in volcanic rocks from Aleutian Islands and Pribilof Islands, Alaska. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 42:263-273.
37. Kay, S. M., and Mpodozis, C. 2002. Magmatism as a probe to the Neogene shallowing of the Nazca plate beneath the modern Chilean flat-slab. J. S. Am. Earth Sci. 15: 39-57.
38. Kogiso, T.; Tatsumi, Y.; and Nakano, S. 1997. Trace element transport during dehydration processes in the subducted oceanic crust. 1. Experiments and implications for the origin of ocean island basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 148:193-205.
39. Lee, C. T. A.; Brandon, A. D.; and Norman, M. 2003. Vanadium in peridotites as a proxy for paleo-fO(2) during partial melting: prospects, limitations, and implications. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67:3045-3064.
40. Lee, C. T. A.; Leeman, W. P.; Canil, D.; and Li, Z. X. A. 2005. Similar V/Sc systematics in MORB and arc basalts: implications for the oxygen fugacities of their mantle source regions. J. Petrol. 46:2313-2336.
41. Lee, C. T. A.; Luffi, P.; Le Roux, V.; Dasgupta, R.; Albarede, F.; and Leeman, W. P. 2010. The redox state of arc mantle using Zn/Fe systematics. Nature 468:681-685.
42. Lee, C. T. A.; Morton, D. M.; Kistler, R. W.; and Baird, A. K. 2007. Petrology and tectonics of Phanerozoic continent formation: from island arcs to accretion and continental arc magmatism. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 263:370-387.
43. Li, S. G.; Jagoutz, E.; Chen, Y. Z.; and Li, Q. L. 2000. Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic chronology and cooling history of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks and their country rocks at Shuanghe in the Dabie Mountains, central China. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64:1077-1093.
44. Li, S. G.; Xiao, Y. L.; Liou, D.; Chen, Y.; Ge, N.; Zhang, Z.; Sun, S.-S.; et al. 1993. Collision of the North China and Yangtse blocks and formation of coesite-bearing eclogites: timing and processes. Chem. Geol. 109:89-111.
45. 3+ ratios and ages for Yulong ore-bearing porphyries in eastern Tibet. Mineral. Depos. 41: 152-159.
46. Liang, H. Y.; Sun, W. D.; Su, W. C.; and Zartman, R. E. 2009a. Porphyry copper-gold mineralization at Yulong, China, promoted by decreasing redox potential during magnetite alteration. Econ. Geol. 104:587-596.
47. Liang, J. L.; Ding, X.; Sun, X. M.; Zhang, Z. M.; Zhang, H.; and Sun, W. D. 2009b. Nb/Ta fractionation observed in eclogites from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project. Chem. Geol. 268:27-40.
48. Ling, M. X.; Wang, F. Y.; Ding, X.; Hu, Y. H.; Zhou, J. B.; Zartman, R. E.; Yang, X. Y.; and Sun, W. D. 2009. Cretaceous ridge subduction along the Lower Yangtse River Belt, eastern China. Econ. Geol. 104:303-321.
49. Ling, M. X.; Wang, F. Y.; Ding, X.; Zhou, J. B.; and Sun, W. D. 2011. Different origins of adakites from the Dabie Mountains and the Lower Yangtze River Belt, eastern China: geochemical constraints. Int. Geol. Rev. 53:727-740.
50. Liu, D. Y.; Jian, P.; Kroner, A.; and Xu, S. T. 2006. Dating of prograde metamorphic events deciphered from episodic zircon growth in rocks of the Dabie-Sulu UHP complex, China. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 250:650-666.
51. Liu, S. A.; Li, S.; Hea, Y.; Huangb, F. 2010. Geochemical contrasts between early Cretaceous ore-bearing and ore-barren high-Mg adakites in central-eastern China: implications for petrogenesis and Cu-Au mineralization. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 74:7160-7178.
52. Macpherson, C. G.; Dreher, S. T.; and Thirlwall, M. F. 2006. Adakites without slab melting: high pressure differentiation of island arc magma, Mindanao, the Philippines. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 243:581-593.
53. Mamani, M.; Worner, G.; and Sempere, T. 2010. Geochemical variations in igneous rocks of the Central Andean orocline (13°S to 18°S): tracing crustal thickening and magma generation through time and space. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 122:162-182.
54. Martin, H. 1999. Adakitic magmas: modern analogues of Archaean granitoids. Lithos 46:411-429.
55. Martin, H.; Smithies, R. H.; Rapp, R.; Moyen, J. F.; and Champion, D. 2005. An overview of adakite, tonalitetrondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG), and sanukitoid: relationships and some implications for crustal evolution. Lithos 79:1-24.
56. McDonough, W. F. 1991. Partial melting of subducted oceanic-crust and isolation of its residual eclogitic lithology. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 335:407-418.
57. McDonough, W. F., and Sun, S. S. 1995. The composition of the earth. Chem. Geol. 120:223-253.
58. Moss, R.; Scott, S. D.; and Binns, R. A. 2001. Gold content of eastern Manus basin volcanic rocks: implications for enrichment in associated hydrothermal precipitates. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. 96:91-107.
59. Moyen, J. F. 2009. High Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios: the meaning of the "adakitic signature." Lithos 112:556-574.
60. Mungall, J. E. 2002. Roasting the mantle: slab melting and the genesis of major Au and Au-rich Cu deposits. Geol. 30:915-918.
61. 2O during crystallization of primitive arc magmas under uppermost mantle conditions and genesis of igneous pyroxenites: an experimental study. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 141:643-658.
62. Okay, A. I.; Sengor, A. M. C.; and Satir, M. 1993. Tectonics of an ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrane: the Dabie-Shan Tongbai-Shan orogen, China. Tectonics 12:1320-1334.
63. Oyarzun, R.; Marquez, A.; Lillo, J.; Lopez, I.; and Rivera, S. 2001. Giant versus small porphyry copper deposits of Cenozoic age in northern Chile: adakitic versus normal calc-alkaline magmatism. Mineral. Depos. 36: 794-798.
64. Parkinson, I. J., and Arculus, R. J. 1999. The redox state of subduction zones: insights from arc-peridotites. Chem. Geol. 160:409-423.
65. Pearce, J. A., and Peate, D. W. 1995. Tectonic implications of the composition of volcanic arc magmas. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 23:251-285.
66. Petford, N., and Atherton, M. 1996. Na-rich partialmelts from newly underplated basaltic crust: the Cordillera Blanca Batholith, Peru. J. Petrol. 37:1491-1521.
67. Rabbia, O. M.; Hernandez, L. B.; King, R. W.; and Lopez-Escobar, L. 2002. Discussion on "Giant versus small porphyry copper deposits of Cenozoic age in northern Chile: adakitic versus normal calc-alkaline magmatism" by Oyarzun et al. (Mineralium Deposita 36:794-798, 2001). Mineral. Depos. 37:791-794.
68. Rapp, R. P.; Shimizu, N.; and Norman, M. D. 2003. Growth of early continental crust by partial melting of eclogite. Nature 425:605-609.
69. Rapp, R. P.; Shimizu, N.; Norman, M. D.; and Applegate, G. S. 1999. Reaction between slab-derived melts and peridotite in the mantle wedge: experimental constraints at 3.8 GPa. Chem. Geol. 160:335-356.
70. Rapp, R. P., and Watson, E. B. 1995. Dehydrationmelting of metabasalt at 8-32 kbar: implications for continental growth and crust-mantle recycling. J. Petrol. 36: 891-931.
71. Rapp, R. P.; Watson, E. B.; and Miller, C. F. 1991. Partial melting of amphibolite eclogite and the origin of Archean trondhjemites and tonalites. Precambrian Res. 51:1-25.
72. Richards, J. P. 2002. Discussion on "Giant versus small porphyry copper deposits of Cenozoic age in northern Chile: adakitic versus normal calc-alkaline magmatism" by Oyarzun et al. (Mineralium Deposita 36:794-798, 2001). Mineral. Depos. 37:788-790.
73. Richards, J. P., and Kerrich, R. 2007. Adakite-like rocks: their diverse origins and questionable role in metallogenesis. Econ. Geol. 102:537-576.
74. Rodriguez, C.; Selles, D.; Dungan, M.; Langmuir, C.; and Leeman, W. 2007. Adakitic dacites formed by intracrustal crystal fractionation of water-rich parent magmas at Nevado de Longavi volcano (36.2°S; Andean Southern Volcanic Zone, central Chile). J. Petrol. 48: 2033-2061.
75. Rudnick, R. L.; Barth, M.; Horn, I.; and McDonough, W. F. 2000. Rutile-bearing refractory eclogites: missing link between continents and depleted mantle. Science 287:278-281.
76. Rudnick, R. L., and Gao, S. 2003. Composition of the continental crust. In Heinrich, D. H., and Turekian, K. K., eds. Treatise on geochemistry. Oxford, Pergamon, p. 1-64.
77. Sajona, F. G., and Maury, R. C. 1998. Association of adakites with gold and copper mineralization in the Philippines. C. R. Acad. Sci. Ser. IIA 326:27-34.
78. Sajona, F. G.; Maury, R. C.; Bellon, H.; Cotten, J.; Defant, M. J.; and Pubellier, M. 1993. Initiation of subduction and the generation of slab melts in western and eastern Mindanao, Philippines. Geology 21:1007-1010.
79. Schiano, P.; Clocchiatti, R.; Shimizu, N.; Maury, R. C.; Jochum, K. P.; and Hofmann, A. W. 1995. Hydrous, silica-rich melts in the sub-arc mantle and their relationship with erupted arc lavas. Nature 377:595-600.
80. Sillitoe, R. H. 1997. Characteristics and controls of the largest porphyry copper-gold and epithermal gold deposits in the circum-Pacific region. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 44:373-388.
81. 4 inclusions in orogenic harzburgite: evidence for reduced slab fluids and implication for redox melting in mantle wedge. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 73:1737-1754.
82. Sun, S. S., and McDonough, W. F. 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts; implications for mantle composition and processes. In Saunders, A. D., and Norry, M. J., eds. Magmatism in the ocean basins. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 41:313-345.
83. Sun, W. D.; Arculus, R. J.; Bennett, V. C.; Eggins, S. M.; and Binns, R. A. 2003a. Evidence for rhenium enrichment in the mantle wedge from submarine arc-like volcanic glasses (Papua New Guinea). Geology 31: 845-848.
84. Sun, W. D.; Arculus, R. J.; Kamenetsky, V. S.; and Binns, R. A. 2004a. Release of gold-bearing fluids in convergent margin magmas prompted by magnetite crystallization. Nature 431:975-978.
85. Sun, W. D.; Bennett, V. C.; Eggins, S. M.; Arculus, R. J.; and Perfit, M. R. 2003b. Rhenium systematics in submarine MORB and back-arc basin glasses: laser ablation ICP-MS results. Chem. Geol. 196:259-281.
86. Sun, W. D.; Bennett, V. C.; and Kamenetsky, V. S. 2004b. The mechanism of Re enrichment in arc magmas: evidence from Lau Basin basaltic glasses and primitive melt inclusions. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 222:101-114.
87. Sun, W. D.; Binns, R. A.; Fan, A. C.; Kamenetsky, V. S.; Wysoczanski, R.; Wei, G. J.; Hu, Y. H.; and Arculus, R. J. 2007a. Chlorine in submarine volcanic glasses from the eastern Manus basin. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 71:1542-1552.
88. Sun, W. D.; Hu, Y. H.; Kamenetsky, V. S.; Eggins, S. M.; Chen, M.; and Arculus, R. J. 2008. Constancy of Nb/ U in the mantle revisited. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72:3542-3549.
89. Sun, W. D.; Ling, M. X.; Yang, X. Y.; Fan, W. M.; Ding, X.; and Liang, H. Y. 2010. Ridge subduction and porphyry copper-gold mineralization: an overview. Sci. China Earth Sci. 53:475-484.
90. Sun, W. D.; Williams, I. S.; and Li, S. G. 2002. Carboniferous and Triassic eclogites in the western Dabie Mountains, east-central China: evidence for protracted convergence of the North and South China blocks. J. Metamorph. Geol. 20:873-886.
91. Sun, W. D.; Zhang, H.; Ling, M. X.; Ding, X.; Chung, S. L.; Zhou, J. B.; Yang, X. Y.; and Fan, W. M. 2011. The genetic association of adakites and Cu-Au ore deposits. Int. Geol. Rev. 53:691-703.
92. Sun, X. M.; Tang, Q.; Sun, W. D.; Xu, L.; Zhai, W.; Liang, J. L.; Liang, Y. H.; et al. 2007b. Monazite, iron oxide and barite exsolutions in apatite aggregates from CCSD drillhole eclogites and their geological implications. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 71:2896-2905.
93. Thieblemont, D.; Stein, G.; and Lescuyer, J. L. 1997. Epithermal and porphyry deposits: the adakite connection. C. R. Acad. Sci. Ser. II 325:103-109.
94. U.S. Geological Survey. 2011. Mineral commodity summaries 2011. Reston, VA, U.S. Geological Survey, 198 p.
95. Wang, Q.; McDermott, F.; Xu, J. F.; Bellon, H.; and Zhu, Y. T. 2005. Cenozoic K-rich adakitic volcanic rocks in the Hohxil area, northern Tibet: lower-crustal melting in an intracontinental setting. Geology 33: 465-468.
96. Wang, Q.; Wyman, D. A.; Xu, J.; Jian, P.; Zhao, Z.; Li, C.; Xu, W.; Ma, J.; and He, B. 2007a. Early Cretaceous adakitic granites in the Northern Dabie Complex, central China: implications for partial melting and delamination of thickened lower crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 71:2609-2636.
97. Wang, Q.; Wyman, D. A.; Xu, J. F.; Zhao, Z. H.; Jian, P.; and Zi, F. 2007b. Partial melting of thickened or delaminated lower crust in the middle of eastern China: implications for Cu-Au mineralization. J. Geol. 115: 149-161.
98. Wang, Q.; Xu, J. F.; Jian, P.; Bao, Z. W.; Zhao, Z. H.; Li, C. F.; Xiong, X. L.; and Ma, J. L. 2006. Petrogenesis of adakitic porphyries in an extensional tectonic setting, Dexing, South China: implications for the genesis of porphyry copper mineralization. J. Petrol. 47:119-144.
99. Wen, D. R.; Chung, S. L.; Song, B.; Iizuka, Y.; Yang, H. J.; Ji, J. Q.; Liu, D. Y.; and Gallet, S. 2008. Late Cretaceous Gangdese intrusions of adakitic geochemical characteristics, SE Tibet: petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Lithos 105:1-11.
100. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and resultant oxygen fugacities. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53:1277-1291.
101. Xiao, Y. L.; Sun, W. D.; Hoefs, J.; Simon, K.; Zhang, Z. M.; Li, S. G.; and Hofmann, A. W. 2006. Making continental crust through slab melting: constraints from niobium-tantalum fractionation inUHPmetamorphic rutile. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70:4770-4782.
102. Xiong, X. L. 2006. Trace element evidence for growth of early continental crust by melting of rutile-bearing hydrous eclogite. Geology 34:945-948.
103. Xiong, X. L.; Adam, J.; and Green, T. H. 2005. Rutile stability and rutile/melt HFSE partitioning during partial melting of hydrous basalt: implications for TTG genesis. Chem. Geol. 218:339-359.
104. Xiong, X. L.; Keppler, H.; Audetat, A.; Gudfinnsson, G.; Sun, W. D.; Song, M. S.; Xiao, W. S.; and Yuan, L. 2009. Experimental constraints on rutile saturation during partial melting of metabasalt at the amphibolite to eclogite transition, with applications to TTG genesis. Am. Mineral. 94:1175-1186.
105. Xiong, X. L.; Keppler, H.; Audetat, A.; Ni, H. W.; Sun, W. D.; and Li, Y. A. 2011. Partitioning of Nb and Ta between rutile and felsic melt and the fractionation of Nb/Ta during partial melting of hydrous metabasalt. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 75:1673-1692.
106. Ye, K.; Cong, B. L.; and Ye, D. I. 2000. The possible subduction of continental material to depths greater than 200 km. Nature 407:734-736.
107. Yogodzinski, G. M.; Kay, R. W.; Volynets, O. N.; Koloskov, A. V.; and Kay, S. M. 1995. Magnesian andesite in the western Aleutian Komandorsky region: implications for slab melting and processes in the mantle wedge. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 107:505-519.
108. Yogodzinski, G. M., and Kelemen, P. B. 1998. Slab melt ing in the Aleutians: implications of an ion probe study of clinopyroxene in primitive adakite and basalt. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 158:53-65.
109. Zhang, L.; Zhong, Z.; Zhang, H.; Sun, W. D.; and Xiang, H. 2009. The formation of foliated (garnet-bearing) granites in the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt: partial melting of subducted continental crust during exhumation. J. Metamorph. Geol. 27:789-803.
110. Zhang, Q.; Qin, K. Z.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, F. Q.; Liu, H. T.; and Wang, Y. 2004. Study on adakite broadened to challenge the Cu and Au exploration in China. Acta Petrol. Sin. 20:195-204 (in Chinese with English abstract).
111. Zhang, Q.; Wang, Y.; Qian, Q.; Yang, J. H.; Wang, Y. L.; Zhao, T. P.; and Guo, G. J. 2001a. The characteristics and tectonic-metallogenic significances of the adakites in Yanshan period from eastern China. Acta Petrol. Sin. 17:236-244 (in Chinese with English abstract).
112. Zhang, Q.; Wang, Y.; and Wang, Y. L. 2001b. Preliminary study on the components of the lower crust in east China Plateau during Yanshanian Period: constraints on Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of adakite-like rocks. Acta Petrol. Sin. 17:505-513.
113. Zheng, Y. F.; Fu, B.; Gong, B.; and Li, L. 2003. Stable isotope geochemistry of ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie-Sulu orogen in China: implications for geodynamics and fluid regime. Earth- Sci. Rev. 62:105-161.
114. Zimmer, M. M.; Plank, T.; Hauri, E. H.; Yogodzinski, G. M.; Stelling, P.; Larsen, J.; Singer, B.; Jicha, B.; Mandeville, C.; and Nye, C. J. 2010. The role of water in generating the calc-alkaline trend: new volatile data for Aleutian magmas and a new tholeiitic index. J. Petrol. 51:2411-2444.