Benefits of exercise in rheumatoid arthritis

Journal of Aging Research

Volumn 2011, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Cooney, Jennifer K ^a   Law, Rebecca Jane ^a   Matschke, Verena ^a   Lemmey, Andrew B ^a   Moore, Jonathan P ^a   Ahmad, Yasmeen ^b   Jones, Jeremy G ^a,b   Maddison, Peter ^a,b   Thom, Jeanette M ^a  

^a BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b Llandudno LL30 1LB   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROBIC EXERCISE; ATTITUDE TO ILLNESS; CACHEXIA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; EXERCISE INTENSITY; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HUMAN; JOINT MOBILITY; KINESIOTHERAPY; MUSCLE FUNCTION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PHYSICAL CAPACITY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANGE OF MOTION; RESISTANCE TRAINING; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SKELETAL MUSCLE; THERAPY EFFECT;

EID: 84862843991     PISSN: 20902204     EISSN: 20902212     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (140)

1. Brosseau L., lbrossea@uottawa.ca Wells G. A., Tugwell P., Egan M., Dubouloz C.-J., Casimiro L., Robinson V. A., Pelland L., McGowan J., Bell M., Finestone H. M., Légaré F., Caron C., Lineker S., Haines-Wangda A., Russell-Doreleyers M., Hall M., Lamb M., Ottawa panel evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for therapeutic exercises in the management of rheumatoid arthritis in adults. Physical Therapy 2004 84 10 934 972 (Pubitemid 39305008)
2. Ekdahl C., Broman G., Muscle strength, endurance, and aerobic capacity in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparative study with healthy subjects. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1992 51 1 35 40 2-s2.0-0026531513
3. McInnes I. B., Rheumatoid arthritis: from bench to bedside. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 2001 27 2 373 387 2-s2.0-0034997539 (Pubitemid 32488711)
4. Sattar N., McCarey D. W., Capell H., McInnes I. B., Explaining how "high-grade" systemic inflammation accelerates vascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 2003 108 24 2957 2963 2-s2.0-0346365086 10.1161/01.CIR.0000099844.31524.05 (Pubitemid 37553561)
5. Lemmey A. B., Marcora S. M., Chester K., Wilson S., Casanova F., Maddison P. J., Effects of high-intensity resistance training in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care and Research 2009 61 12 1726 1734 2-s2.0-73449115311 10.1002/art.24891
6. Roubenoff R., Roubenoff R. A., Cannon J. G., Kehayias J. J., Zhuang H., Dawson- Hughes B., Dinarello C. A., Rosenberg I. H., Rheumatoid cachexia: cytokine-driven hypermetabolism accompanying reduced body cell mass in chronic inflammation. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1994 93 6 2379 2386 2-s2.0-0028237131 (Pubitemid 24177149)
7. Kitas G. D., Erb N., Tackling ischaemic heart disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2003 42 5 607 613 2-s2.0-0043280989 10.1093/ rheumatology/keg175 (Pubitemid 37220867)
8. Solomon D. H. M., Karlson E. W., Rimm E. B. S., Cannuscio C. C., Mandl L. A., Manson J. E., Stampfer M. J., Curhan G. C., Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 2003 107 9 1303 1307 2-s2.0-0037432305 10.1161/01.CIR.0000054612.26458.B2 (Pubitemid 36314415)
9. Maradit-Kremers H., Crowson C. S., Nicola P. J., Ballman K. V., Roger V. L., Jacobsen S. J., Gabriel S. E., Increased unrecognized coronary heart disease and sudden deaths in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2005 52 2 402 411 2-s2.0-13444266513 10.1002/art.20853 (Pubitemid 40220344)
10. Avina-Zubieta J. A., Choi H. K., Sadatsafavi M., Etminan M., Esdaile J. M., Lacaille D., Risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Arthritis Care and Research 2008 59 12 1690 1697 2-s2.0-57149096904 10.1002/art.24092
11. Del Rincon I., Williams K., Stern M. P., Freeman G. L., Escalante A., High incidence of cardiovascular events in a rheumatoid arthritis cohort not explained by traditional cardiac risk factors. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2001 44 12 2737 2745 2-s2.0-0035676529 10.1002/1529-0131(200112)44:122737::AID- ART460>3.0.CO;2-# (Pubitemid 34016192)
12. Libby P., Ridker P. M., Maseri A., Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002 105 9 1135 1143 2-s2.0-0037022910 10.1161/hc0902.104353 (Pubitemid 34212626)
13. Giles J. T., Bartlett S. J., Andersen R. E., Fontaine K. R., Bathon J. M., Association of body composition with disability in rheumatoid arthritis: impact of appendicular fat and lean tissue mass. Arthritis Care and Research 2008 59 10 1407 1415 2-s2.0-54949106960 10.1002/art.24109
14. Walsmith J., Abad L., Kehayias J., Roubenoff R., Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production is associated with less body cell mass in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 2004 31 1 23 29 2-s2.0-0347319155 (Pubitemid 38067517)
15. Akner G., Cederholm T., Treatment of protein-energy malnutrition in chronic nonmalignant disorders. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001 74 1 6 24 2-s2.0-0034972043 (Pubitemid 32574907)
16. Roubenoff R., Walsmith J., Lundgren N., Snydman L., Dolnikowski G. J., Roberts S., Low physical activity reduces total energy expenditure in women with rheumatoid arthritis: implications for dietary intake recommendations. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2002 76 4 774 779 2-s2.0-0036783753
17. Sokka T., Häkkinen A., Poor physical fitness and performance as predictors of mortality in normal populations and patients with rheumatic and other diseases. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2008 26 5 S14 S20 2-s2.0-55349118142
18. Bouchard C., Blair S., Haskell W., Physical Activity and Health 2007 Champaign, Ill, USA Human Kinetics
19. Escalante A., Del Rincon I., The disablement process in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2002 47 3 333 342 2-s2.0-0037097849 (Pubitemid 34627703)
20. Brukner P. D., Brown W. J., Is exercise good for you? Medical Journal of Australia 2005 183 10 538 541 2-s2.0-28444495383
21. Bernstein L., Henderson B. E., Hanisch R., Sullivan-Halley J., Ross R. K., Physical exercise and reduced risk of breast cancer in young women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1994 86 18 1403 1408 2-s2.0-0027998945 (Pubitemid 24283360)
22. Bassey E. J., Ramsdale S. J., Increase in femoral bone density in young women following high-impact exercise. Osteoporosis International 1994 4 2 72 75 2-s2.0-0028197051 (Pubitemid 24103698)
23. Reeves N. D., Narici M. V., Maganaris C. N., Myotendinous plasticity to ageing and resistance exercise in humans. Experimental Physiology 2006 91 3 483 498 2-s2.0-33646082265 10.1113/expphysiol.2005.032896
24. Rao S. S., Prevention of falls in older patients. American Family Physician 2005 72 1 81 94 2-s2.0-21844480611
25. Ross C. E., Hayes D., Exercise and psychologic well-being in the community. American Journal of Epidemiology 1988 127 4 762 771 2-s2.0-0023913456
26. Bauman A. E., Updating the evidence that physical activity is good for health: an epidemiological review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2004 7 1 6 19 2-s2.0-3242765427
27. Nelson M. E., Rejeski W. J., Blair S. N., Duncan P. W., Judge J. O., King A. C., Macera C. A., Castaneda-Sceppa C., Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2007 39 8 1435 1445 2-s2.0-34548269021 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616aa2 (Pubitemid 47344027)
28. De Jong Z., Munneke M., Zwinderman A. H., Kroon H. M., Jansen A., Ronday K. H., Van Schaardenburg D., Dijkmans B. A. C., Van den Ende C. H. M., Breedveld F. C., Vliet Vlieland T. P. M., Hazes J. M. W., Is a long-term high-intensity exercise program effective and safe in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Results of a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2003 48 9 2415 2424 2-s2.0-0141633011 10.1002/art.11216 (Pubitemid 37129418)
29. Baillet A., Payraud E., Niderprim V. A., Nissen M. J., Allenet B., François P., Grange L., Casez P., Juvin R., Gaudin P., A dynamic exercise programme to improve patients' disability in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology 2009 48 4 410 415 2-s2.0-63249090230 10.1093/rheumatology/ken511
30. Bilberg A., Ahlmen M., Mannerkorpi K., Moderately intensive exercise in a temperate pool for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled study. Rheumatology 2005 44 4 502 508 2-s2.0-18744382764 10.1093/rheumatology/ keh528 (Pubitemid 41511142)
31. Harkcom T. M., Lampman R. M., Banwell B. F., Castor C. W., Therapeutic value of graded aerobic exercise training in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1985 28 1 32 39 2-s2.0-0022006338 (Pubitemid 15193019)
32. Melikoglu M. A., Karatay S., Senel K., Akcay F., Association between dynamic exercise therapy and IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentrations in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology International 2006 26 4 309 313 2-s2.0-30744442103 10.1007/s00296-005-0605-y (Pubitemid 43097525)
33. Nordemar R., Physical training in rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled long-term study. II. Functional capacity and general attitudes. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 1981 10 1 25 30 2-s2.0-0019498282 (Pubitemid 11153835)
34. Van Den Berg M. H., Ronday H. K., Peeters A. J., Le Cessie S., Van Der Giesen F. J., Breedveld F. C., Vliet Vlieland T. P. M., Using internet technology to deliver a home-based physical activity intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care and Research 2006 55 6 935 945 2-s2.0-33845496514 10.1002/art.22339 (Pubitemid 44917468)
35. Westby M. D., Wade J. P., Rangno K. K., Berkowitz J., A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an exercise program in women with rheumatoid arthritis taking low dose prednisone. Journal of Rheumatology 2000 27 7 1674 1680 2-s2.0-0033909964 (Pubitemid 30462810)
36. Van Den Ende C. H. M., Hazes J. M. W., Le Cessie S., Mulder W. J., Belfor D. G., Breedveld F. C., Dijkmans B. A. C., Comparison of high and low intensity training in well controlled rheumatoid arthritis. Results of a randomised clinical trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1996 55 11 798 805 2-s2.0-0029851671 (Pubitemid 26392278)
37. Van Den Ende C. H. M., Breedveld F. C., Le Cessie S., Dijkmans B. A. C., De Mug A. W., Hazes J. M. W., Effect of intensive exercise on patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised clinical trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2000 59 8 615 621 2-s2.0-0033852393 10.1136/ard.59.8.615 (Pubitemid 30618060)
38. Hansen T. M., Hansen G., Langgaard A. M., Rasmussen J. O., Longterm physical training in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized trial with different training programs and blinded observers. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 1993 22 3 107 112 2-s2.0-0027158133 (Pubitemid 23198112)
39. Lyngberg K. K., Ramsing B. U., Nawrocki A., Harreby M., Danneskiold-Samsoe B., Safe and effective isokinetic knee extension training in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1994 37 5 623 628 2-s2.0-0028280173 (Pubitemid 24145064)
40. Neuberger G. B., Aaronson L. S., Gajewski B., Embretson S. E., Cagle P. E., Loudon J. K., Miller P. A., Predictors of exercise and effects of exercise on symptoms, function, aerobic fitness, and disease outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care and Research 2007 57 6 943 952 2-s2.0-34547753426 10.1002/art.22903 (Pubitemid 47237320)
41. Noreau L., Martineau H., Roy L., Belzile M., Effects of a modified dance-based exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, psychological state and health status of persons with rheumatoid arthritis. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1995 74 1 19 27 2-s2.0-0028963715
42. Lavie C. J., Thomas R. J., Squires R. W., Allison T. G., Milani R. V., Exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation in primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2009 84 4 373 383 2-s2.0-64749101185 10.4065/84.4.373
43. Thompson P. D., Buchner D., Pina I. L., Balady G. J., Williams M. A., Marcus B. H., Berra K., Blair S. N., Costa F., Franklin B., Fletcher G. F., Gordon N. F., Pate R. R., Rodriguez B. L., Yancey A. K., Wenger N. K., Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the council on clinical cardiology (subcommittee on exercise, rehabilitation, and prevention) and the council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism (subcommittee on physical activity). Circulation 2003 107 24 3109 3116 2-s2.0-0038677039 10.1161/01.CIR.0000075572.40158.77 (Pubitemid 36758987)
44. Franklin B. A., McCullough P. A., Cardiorespiratory fitness: an independent and additive marker of risk stratification and health outcomes. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2009 84 9 776 779 2-s2.0-69749117808 10.4065/84.9.776
45. Häkkinen A., Sokka T., Kotaniemi A., Hannonen P., A randomized two-year study of the effects of dynamic strength training on muscle strength, disease activity, functional capacity, and bone mineral density in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2001 44 3 515 522 2-s2.0-0035081748 10.1002/1529-0131(200103)44:3515::AID-ANR98>3.0.CO;2-5 (Pubitemid 32234608)
46. Minor M. A., Hewett J. E., Physical fitness and work capacity in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care and Research 1995 8 3 146 154 2-s2.0-0029085052
47. Metsios G. S., Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A., Panoulas V. F., Wilson M., Nevill A. M., Koutedakis Y., Kitas G. D., Association of physical inactivity with increased cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation 2009 16 2 188 194 2-s2.0-67449096042 10.1097/HJR.0b013e3283271ceb
48. Taylor R. S., Brown A., Ebrahim S., Jolliffe J., Noorani H., Rees K., Skidmore B., Stone J. A., Thompson D. R., Oldridge N., Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Medicine 2004 116 10 682 692 2-s2.0-2342589486 10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.009 (Pubitemid 38581114)
49. Hurkmans E., van der Giesen F. J., Vliet Vlieland T. P., Schoones J., Van den Ende E. C., Dynamic exercise programs (aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength training) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009 4, article no. CD006853 2-s2.0-75349089524
50. Metsios G. S., G.Metsios@wlv.ac.uk Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A., Sandoo A., Veldhuijzen van Zanten J. J. C. S., Toms T. E., John H., Kitas G. D., Vascular function and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of physical activity. Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal 2010 4 89 96
51. Roubenoff R., Roubenoff R. A., Ward L. M., Holland S. M., Hellmann D. B., Rheumatoid cachexia: depletion of lean body mass in rheumatoid arthritis. Possible association with tumor necrosis factor. Journal of Rheumatology 1992 19 10 1505 1510 2-s2.0-0026489608
52. Marcora S. M., Chester K. R., Mittal G., Lemmey A. B., Maddison P. J., Randomized phase 2 trial of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy for cachexia in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2006 84 6 1463 1472 2-s2.0-33845491244 (Pubitemid 44912832)
53. Walsmith J., Roubenoff R., Cachexia in rheumatoid arthritis. International Journal of Cardiology 2002 85 1 89 99 2-s2.0-0036342406 10.1016/S0167-5273(02)00237-1
54. Cutolo M., Androgens in rheumatoid arthritis: when are they effectors? Arthritis Research & Therapy 2009 11 5 126 2-s2.0-75649146304
55. Gibson J. N. A., Poyser N. L., Morrison W. L., Scrimgeour C. M., Rennie M. J., Muscle protein synthesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effect of chronic corticosteroid therapy on prostaglandin F(2 α) availability. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 1991 21 4 406 412 2-s2.0-0025766192
56. Häkkinen A., Effectiveness and safety of strength training in rheumatoid arthritis. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 2004 16 2 132 137 2-s2.0-18544391694 10.1097/00002281-200403000-00011 (Pubitemid 38280949)
57. Pedersen B. K., Saltin B., Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in chronic disease. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 2006 16 supplement 1 3 63 2-s2.0-33645096520 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00520.x (Pubitemid 43433766)
58. Degens H., Erskine R. M., Morse C. I., Disproportionate changes in skeletal muscle strength and size with resistance training and ageing. Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions 2009 9 3 123 129 2-s2.0-73249122843
59. Bearne L. M., Scott D. L., Hurley M. V., Exercise can reverse quadriceps sensorimotor dysfunction that is associated with rheumatoid arthritis without exacerbating disease activity. Rheumatology 2002 41 2 157 166 2-s2.0-0036105565 (Pubitemid 34537892)
60. Matschke V., Murphy P., Lemmey A. B., Maddison P., Thom J. M., Skeletal muscle properties in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2010 42 2149 2155 2-s2.0-77953126066 10.1249/MSS. 0b013e3181e304c3
61. Matschke V., Murphy P., Lemmey A. B., Maddison P. J., Thom J. M., Muscle quality, architecture, and activation in cachectic patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 2010 37 2 282 284 2-s2.0-76649085800 10.3899/jrheum.090584
62. Matschke V., Thom J., Lemmey A., Maddison P., Jones J., Inflammatory joint effusionalters the properties of the tendon-muscle complex in rheumatoid arthritis: a case study. Arthritis Care and Research. In press
63. Marcora S. M., Lemmey A. B., Maddison P. J., Can progressive resistance training reverse cachexia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Results of a pilot study. Journal of Rheumatology 2005 32 6 1031 1039 2-s2.0-20444455009 (Pubitemid 40828074)
64. Häkkinen A., Pakarinen A., Hannonen P., Kautiainen H., Nyman K., Kraemer W. J., Häkkinen K., Effects of prolonged combined strength and endurance training on physical fitness, body composition and serum hormones in women with rheumatoid arthritis and in healthy controls. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2005 23 4 505 512 2-s2.0-26844533330 (Pubitemid 41447622)
65. Rall L. C., Roubenoff R., Cannon J. G., Abad L. W., Dinarello C. A., Meydani S. N., Effects of progressive resistance training on immune response in aging and chronic inflammation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1996 28 11 1356 1365 2-s2.0-0029963658 (Pubitemid 26389294)
66. Frontera W. R., Hughes V. A., Lutz K. J., Evans W. J., A cross-sectional study of muscle strength and mass in 45- to 78-yr-old men and women. Journal of Applied Physiology 1991 71 2 644 650 2-s2.0-0025998579
67. Morse C. I., Thom J. M., Mian O. S., Birch K. M., Narici M. V., Gastrocnemius specific force is increased in elderly males following a 12-month physical training programme. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2007 100 5 563 570 2-s2.0-34347400686 10.1007/s00421-006-0246-1 (Pubitemid 47023751)
68. Nichols J. F., Omizo D. K., Peterson K. K., Nelson K. P., Efficacy of heavy-resistance training for active women over sixty: muscular strength, body composition, and program adherence. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1993 41 3 205 210 2-s2.0-0027410557 (Pubitemid 23078104)
69. Rall L. C., Meydani S. N., Kehayias J. J., Dawson-Hughes B., Roubenoff R., The effect of progressive resistance training in rheumatoid arthritis: increased strength without changes in energy balance or body composition. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1996 39 3 415 426 2-s2.0-0029919518 10.1002/art.1780390309 (Pubitemid 26085217)
70. Plasqui G., The role of physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Physiology and Behavior 2008 94 2 270 275 2-s2.0-42949145986 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.12.012 (Pubitemid 351615427)
71. Flint-Wagner H. G., Lisse J., Lohman T. G., Going S. B., Guido T., Cussler E., Gates D., Yocum D. E., Assessment of a sixteen-week training program on strength, pain, and function in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 2009 15 4 165 171 2-s2.0-67650930362 10.1097/RHU. 0b013e318190f95f
72. Van Den Ende C. H. M., Vliet Vlieland T. P. M., Munneke M., Hazes J. M. W., Dynamic exercise therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. British Journal of Rheumatology 1998 37 6 677 687 2-s2.0-0031927206
73. Peyron J. G., Review of the main epidemiologic-etiologic evidence that implies mechanical forces as factors in osteoarthritis. Engineering in Medicine 1986 15 2 77 79 2-s2.0-0022693775 (Pubitemid 16021631)
74. Franck H., Gottwalt J., Peripheral bone density in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical Rheumatology 2009 28 10 1141 1145 2-s2.0-69949139803 10.1007/s10067-009-1211-2
75. Sinigaglia L., Varenna M., Girasole G., Bianchi G., Epidemiology of osteoporosis in rheumatic diseases. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 2006 32 4 631 658 2-s2.0-34247095201 10.1016/j.rdc.2006.07.002 (Pubitemid 46590092)
76. Madsen O. R., Egsmose C., Hansen B., Sorensen O. H., Soft tissue composition, quadriceps strength, bone quality and bone mass in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 1998 16 1 27 32 2-s2.0-0031914780 (Pubitemid 28133478)
77. De Jong Z., Munneke M., Jansen L. M., Ronday K., Van Schaardenburg D. J., Brand R., Van Den Ende C. H. M., Vliet Vlieland T. P. M., Zuijderduin W. M., Hazes J. M. W., Differences between participants and nonparticipants in an exercise trial for adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care and Research 2004 51 4 593 600 2-s2.0-4043128804 (Pubitemid 39056247)
78. Madsen O. R., Sorensen O. H., Egsmose C., Bone quality and bone mass as assessed by quantitative ultrasound and dual energy x ray absorptiometry in women with rheumatoid arthritis: relationship with quadriceps strength. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2002 61 4 325 329 10.1136/ard.61.4.325 (Pubitemid 34257743)
79. De Jong Z., Munneke M., Lems W. F., Zwinderman A. H., Kroon H. M., Pauwels E. K. J., Jansen A., Ronday K. H., Dijkmans B. A. C., Breedveld F. C., Vliet Vlieland T. P. M., Hazes J. M. W., Slowing of bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by long-term high-intensity exercise: results of a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2004 50 4 1066 1076 2-s2.0-11144356893 10.1002/art.20117 (Pubitemid 38480816)
80. Maini R., Feldmann M., Isenberg D., Maddison P., Woo P., Glass D., Breedveld F., Rheumatoid arthritis; immunopathgenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology 2004 Oxford, UK Oxford University Press 677
81. Onambele G. L., Narici M. V., Maganaris C. N., Calf muscle-tendon properties and postural balance in old age. Journal of Applied Physiology 2006 100 6 2048 2056 2-s2.0-33646104160 10.1152/japplphysiol.01442.2005 (Pubitemid 43845881)
82. Reeves N. D., Maganaris C. N., Ferretti G., Narici M. V., Influence of 90-day simulated microgravity on human tendon mechanical properties and the effect of resistive countermeasures. Journal of Applied Physiology 2005 98 6 2278 2286 2-s2.0-19444375733 10.1152/japplphysiol.01266.2004 (Pubitemid 40726925)
83. Buchanan C. I., Marsh R. L., Effects of exercise on the biomechanical, biochemical and structural properties of tendons. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 2002 133 4 1101 1107 2-s2.0-0036901713 10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00139-3 (Pubitemid 35463163)
84. Frank C. B., Ligament structure, physiology and function. Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions 2004 4 2 199 201 2-s2.0-3042733280 (Pubitemid 38877776)
85. Benjamin M., Ralphs J. R., Tendons in health and disease. Manual Therapy 1996 1 4 186 191 2-s2.0-0042221271 10.1054/math.1996.0267 (Pubitemid 126384842)
86. Benjamin M., Ralphs J. R., Tendons and ligaments-an overview. Histology and Histopathology 1997 12 4 1135 1144 2-s2.0-0030755052
87. Milner C. E., Funtional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise; Quick Reference 2008 Routledge, UK Oxon
88. Arokoski J. P. A., Jurvelin J. S., Väätäinen U., Helminen H. J., Normal and pathological adaptations of articular cartilage to joint loading. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 2000 10 4 186 198 2-s2.0-0034242788
89. Minor M. A., Physical activity and management of arthritis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 1991 13 3 117 124 2-s2.0-0026066540
90. Palmoski M. J., Brandt K. D., Running inhibits the reversal of atrophic changes in canine knee cartilage after removal of a leg cast. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1981 24 11 1329 1337 2-s2.0-0019856598 (Pubitemid 12229383)
91. Law R.-J., r.law@bangor.ac.uk Breslin A., Oliver E. J., Mawn L., Markland D. A., Maddison P., Thom J. M., Perceptions of the effects of exercise on joint health in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatology 2010 49 12 2444 2451 10.1093/rheumatology/keq299
92. de Jong Z., Munneke M., Kroon H. M., van Schaardenburg D., Dijkmans B. A. C., Hazes J. M. W., Vliet Vlieland T. P. M., Long-term follow-up of a high-intensity exercise program in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical Rheumatology 2009 28 6 663 671 2-s2.0-67349133584 10.1007/s10067-009-1125-z
93. De Jong Z., Vliet Vlieland T. P. M., Safety of exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 2005 17 2 177 182 2-s2.0-14044255898 10.1097/01.bor.0000151400.33899.88 (Pubitemid 40279614)
94. de Jong Z., Munneke M., Vilim V., Zwinderman A. H., Kroon H. M., Ronday H. K., Lems W. F., Dijkmans B. A. C., Breedveld F. C., Vliet Vlieland T. P. M., Hazes J. M. W., Degroot J., Value of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein as a prognostic marker of large-joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis-data from the RAPIT study. Rheumatology 2008 47 6 868 871 2-s2.0-44849119804 10.1093/rheumatology/ken052 (Pubitemid 351796375)
95. Fentem P. H., Benefits of exercise in health and disease. British Medical Journal 1994 308 6939 1291 1295 2-s2.0-0028772450 (Pubitemid 24150288)
96. Hurley M. V., Scott D. L., Improvements in quadriceps sensorimotor function and disability of patients with knee osteoarthritis following a clinically practicable exercise regime. British Journal of Rheumatology 1998 37 11 1181 1187 2-s2.0-0031729156
97. Sharma L., Pai Y. C., Impaired proprioception and osteoarthritis. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 1997 9 3 253 258 2-s2.0-0030976928 10.1097/00002281- 199705000-00013 (Pubitemid 27280986)
98. Silva K. N., Mizusaki Imoto A., Almeida G. J., Atallah A. N., Peccin M. S., Fernandes Moça Trevisani V., Balance training (proprioceptive training) for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010 5, article no. CD007648 2-s2.0-77953624755
99. Xu D., Hong Y., Li J., Chan K., Effect of tai chi exercise on proprioception of ankle and knee joints in old people. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2004 38 1 50 54 2-s2.0-0842265843 10.1136/bjsm.2002.003335 (Pubitemid 38183602)
100. Scholes S., Bull A., Unsworth A., Amis A., Isenberg D., Maddison P. J., Woo P., Glass D., Breedveld F., Biomechanics of articulations and derangments in disease. Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology 2004 Oxford, UK Oxford University Press 379 386
101. Minor M. A., Hewett J. E., Webel R. R., Anderson S. K., Kay D. R., Efficacy of physical conditioning exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1989 32 11 1396 1405 2-s2.0-0024374410 10.1002/anr.1780321108 (Pubitemid 20003906)
102. Carotti M., Salaffi F., Manganelli P., Salera D., Simonetti B., Grassi W., Power Doppler sonography in the assessment of synovial tissue of the knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis: a preliminary experience. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2002 61 10 877 882 2-s2.0-0036786849 10.1136/ard.61.10.877
103. Rooney M., Condell D., Quinlan W., Daly L., Whelan A., Feighery C., Bresnihan B., Analysis of the histologic variation of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1988 31 8 956 963 2-s2.0-0023720271
104. Rannou F., François M., Corvol M. T., Berenbaum F., Cartilage breakdown in rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2006 73 1 29 36 2-s2.0-32044475196 10.1016/j.jbspin.2004.12.013 (Pubitemid 43197702)
105. Anandarajah A. P., Schwarz E. M., Dynamic exercises in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2004 63 11 1359 1361 2-s2.0-7244231184 10.1136/ard.2004.020693 (Pubitemid 39433935)
106. James M. J., Cleland L. G., Gaffney R. D., Proudman S. M., Chatterton B. E., Effect of exercise on 99mtc-dtpa clearance from knees with effusions. Journal of Rheumatology 1994 21 3 501 504 2-s2.0-0028182853 (Pubitemid 24102837)
107. Ellegaard K., parker@frh.regionh.dk Torp-Pedersen S., Henriksen M., Lund H., Danneskiold-Samsoe B., Bliddal H., Influence of recent exercise and skin temperature on ultrasound doppler measurements in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-an intervention study. Rheumatology 2009 48 12 1520 1523 10.1093/rheumatology/kep294
108. Bland J. H., Joint, muscle and cartilage physiology as related to exercise. Application and practical management in rheumatic disease. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1988 1 2 99 108 2-s2.0-0024158923 (Pubitemid 19230167)
109. Young A., Stokes M., Iles J. F., Effects of joint pathology on muscle. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1987 219 21 27 2-s2.0-0023263256 (Pubitemid 17085847)
110. Pincus T., Swearingen C., Wolfe F., Toward a multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ): assessment of advanced activities of daily living and psychological status in the patient-friendly health assessment questionnaire format. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1999 42 10 2220 2230 2-s2.0-0033509410 10.1002/1529-0131(199910)42:102220::AID-ANR26>3.0.CO;2-5 (Pubitemid 30263609)
111. Brorsson S., Hilliges M., Sollerman C., Nilsdotter A., A six-week hand exercise programme improves strength and hand function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2009 41 5 338 342 2-s2.0-64349122505 10.2340/16501977-0334
112. Neill J., Belan I., Ried K., Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for fatigue in adults with multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2006 56 6 617 635 2-s2.0-33751259375 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006. 04054.x (Pubitemid 44800261)
113. van Hoogmoed D., Fransen J., Bleijenberg G., van Riel P., Physical and psychosocial correlates of severe fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2010 49 7 1294 1302 2-s2.0-77954204484 10.1093/rheumatology/keq043
114. Hewlett S., Carr M., Ryan S., Outcomes generated by patients with rheumatoid arthritis: how important are they? Musculoskeletal Care 2005 3 131 142
115. Dittner A. J., Wessely S. C., Brown R. G., The assessment of fatigue: a practical guide for clinicians and researchers. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2004 56 2 157 170 2-s2.0-1542297793 10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00371-4 (Pubitemid 38317466)
116. Neuberger G. B., Press A. N., Lindsley H. B., Hinton R., Cagle P. E., Carlson K., Scott S., Dahl J., Kramer B., Effects of exercise on fatigue, aerobic fitness, and disease activity measures in persons with rheumatoid arthritis. Research in Nursing and Health 1997 20 3 195 204 2-s2.0-0031156951 (Pubitemid 127455351)
117. Hutton I., ingrid.hutton@yahoo.com.au Gamble G., McLean G., Butcher H., Gow P., Dalbeth N., What is associated with being active in arthritis? Analysis from the obstacles to action study. Internal Medicine Journal 2010 40 7 512 520 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01989.x
118. Gyurcsik N. C., Brawley L. R., Spink K. S., Brittain D. R., Fuller D. L., Chad K., Physical activity in women with arthritis: examining perceived barriers and self-regulatory efficacy to cope. Arthritis Care and Research 2009 61 8 1087 1094 2-s2.0-68149179476 10.1002/art.24697
119. Schutzer K. A., Graves B. S., Barriers and motivations to exercise in older adults. Preventive Medicine 2004 39 5 1056 1061 2-s2.0-4744341739 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.003 (Pubitemid 39314475)
120. Wilcox S., Der Ananian C., Abbott J., Vrazel J., Ramsey C., Sharpe P. A., Brady T., Perceived exercise barriers, enablers, and benefits among exercising and nonexercising adults with arthritis: results from a qualitative study. Arthritis Care and Research 2006 55 4 616 627 2-s2.0-33747872296 10.1002/art.22098 (Pubitemid 44289883)
121. Swärdh E., Biguet G., Opava C. H., Views on exercise maintenance: variations among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Physical Therapy 2008 88 9 1049 1060 2-s2.0-50849093642 10.2522/ptj.20070178
122. Hendry M., hendryma@cf.ac.uk Williams N. H., Markland D., Wilkinson C., Maddison P., Why should we exercise when our knees hurt? A qualitative study of primary care patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Family Practice 2006 23 5 558 567 10.1093/fampra/cml022 (Pubitemid 44404489)
123. Der Ananian C., Wilcox S., Saunders R., Watkins K., Evans A., Factors that influence exercise among adults with arthritis in three activity levels. Preventing Chronic Disease 2006 3 3 1 16 2-s2.0-33748916085
124. Kamwendo K., Askenbom M., Wahlgren C., Physical activity in the life of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Physiotherapy Research International 1999 4 4 278 292 2-s2.0-0033250408
125. Lambert B. L., Butin D. N., Moran D., Zhao S. Z., Carr B. C., Chen C., Kizis F. J., Arthritis care: comparison of physicians' and patients' views. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 2000 30 2 100 110 2-s2.0-0033788293 10.1053/sarh.2000.9203
126. Iversen M. D., miversen@partners.org Fossel A. H., Ayers K., Palmsten A., Wang H. W., Daltroy L. H., Predictors of exercise behavior in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 6 months following a visit with their rheumatologist. Physical Therapy 2004 84 8 706 716 (Pubitemid 38989541)
127. Iversen M. D., Fossel A. H., Daltroy L. H., Rheumatologist-patient communication about exercise and physical therapy in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care and Research 1999 12 3 180 192 (Pubitemid 29508667)
128. Munneke M., De Jong Z., Zwinderman A. H., Ronday H. K., Van Den Ende C. H. M., Vliet Vlieland T. P. M., Hazes J. M. W., High intensity exercise or conventional exercises for patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Outcome expectations of patients, rheumatologists, and physiotherapists. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2004 63 7 804 808 2-s2.0-3042782926 10.1136/ard.2003.011189 (Pubitemid 38850451)
129. De Jong Z., z.dejong@lumc.nl Munneke M., Zwinderman A. H., Kroon H. M., Ronday K. H., Lems W. F., Dijkmans B. A.C., Breedveld F. C., Vlieland T. P.M.V., Hazes J. M. W., Huizinga T. W. J., Long term high intensity exercise and damage of small joints in rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2004 63 11 1399 1405 10.1136/ard.2003.015826 (Pubitemid 39433942)
130. Häkkinen A., Hannonen P., Nyman K., Lyyski T., Häkkinen K., Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training in women with early or longstanding rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with healthy subjects. Arthritis Care and Research 2003 49 6 789 797 2-s2.0-0348111420 (Pubitemid 37523631)
131. Gecht M. R., Connell K. J., Sinacore J. M., Prohaska T. R., A survey of exercise beliefs and exercise habits among people with arthritis. Arthritis Care and Research 1996 9 2 82 88 2-s2.0-0029892061 (Pubitemid 26119357)
132. Baillet A., Zeboulon N., Gossec L., Combescure C., Bodin L. A., Juvin R., Dougados M., Gaudin P., Efficacy of cardiorespiratory aerobic exercise in rheumatoid arthritis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Care and Research 2010 62 7 984 992 2-s2.0-77954299082 10.1002/acr.20146
133. Cairns A. P., andrew.cairns@belfasttrust.hscni.net McVeigh J. G., A systematic review of the effects of dynamic exercise in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology International 2009 30 2 147 158 10.1007/s00296-009-1090-5
134. Forestier R., Andre-Vert J., Guillez P., Coudeyre E., Lefevre-Colau M. M., Combe B., Mayoux-Benhamou M. A., Non-drug treatment (excluding surgery) in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical practice guidelines. Joint Bone Spine 2009 76 6 691 698 2-s2.0-71449101777 10.1016/j.jbspin.2009.01.017
135. Stenstrom C. H., Minor M. A., Evidence for the benefit of aerobic and strengthening exercise in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care and Research 2003 49 3 428 434 2-s2.0-0038312186 (Pubitemid 36682412)
136. Murphy M., Nevill A., Neville C., Biddle S., Hardman A., Accumulating brisk walking for fitness, cardiovascular risk, and psychological health. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2002 34 9 1468 1474 2-s2.0-0036711868 (Pubitemid 35006819)
137. Hall J., Skevington S. M., Maddisson P. J., Chapman K., A randomised and controlled trial of hydrotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1996 9 206 215 (Pubitemid 26182601)
138. Karatepe A. G., Gunaydin R., Turkmen G., Kaya T., Effects of home-based exercise program on the functional status and the quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: 1 year follow-up study. Rheumatology International 2011 31 171 176
139. Linde L., Sorensen J., Ostergaard M., Horslev-Petersen K., Rasmussen C., Jensen D. V., Hetland M. L., What factors influence the health status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis measured by the SF-12v2 health survey and the health assessment questionnaire? Journal of Rheumatology 2009 36 10 2183 2189 2-s2.0-70450175592 10.3899/jrheum.090134
140. Durstine J. L., Moore G. E., Painter P. L., Roberts S. O., ACSM's Exercise Managment for Persons with Chronic Diseases and Disabilities 2003 3rd Champaign, Ill, USA Human Kinetics