Changing paradigm and post 2010 targets: Challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation in the Hindu Kush Himalayas

Tropical Ecology

Volumn 53, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 245-259

  Chettri, Nakul ^a   Sharma, Eklabya ^a   Zomer, Robert ^a  

^a INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR INTEGRATED MOUNTAIN DEVELOPMENT   (Nepal)

Author keywords

2010 targets; Biodiversity conservation; Conservation challenges; Conservation opportunities; Hindu Kush Himalayas

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION PLANNING; ECOLOGICAL IMPACT; ECOSYSTEM APPROACH; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; FUTURE PROSPECT; LANDSCAPE PROTECTION; NATURAL CAPITAL; POVERTY ALLEVIATION; PROTECTED AREA;

HIMALAYAS; HINDU KUSH;

EID: 84862544336     PISSN: 05643295     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Balooni, K. & M. Inoue. 2009. Joint Forest Management in India: The Management Change Process. IIMB Management Review, University of Tokyo.
2. Bawa, K. S. 2006. Globally dispersed local challenges in conservation biology. Conservation Biology 20: 696-699.
3. BIP. 2010. Biodiversity Indicators and the 2010 Target: Experiences and Lessons Learnt from the 2010 Biodiversity Indicators Partnership. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Canada. Technical Series No. 53.
4. Brooks, T. M., M. I. Bakarr, T. Boucher, Gustava A. B. da Fonseca, Craig Hilton-Taylor, J. M. Hoekstra, T. Moritz, S. Olivieri, J. Parrish, R. L. Pressey, A. S. L. Rodrigues, W. Sechrest, A. Stattersfield, W. Strahm & S. N. Stuart. 2004. Coverage provided by global protected area system: Is it enough? BioScience 54: 1081-1091.
5. Brooks, T. M., R. A. Mittermeier, G. A. B. da Fonseca, J. Gerlach, M. Hoffmann, J. F. Lamoreux, C. G. Mittermeier, J. D. Pilgrim & A. S. L. Rodrigues. 2006. Global biodiversity conservation priorities. Science 313: 58-61.
6. Butchart, S. H. M., M. Walpole, B. Collen & 42 others. 2010. Global biodiversity: Indicators of recent declines. Science 328:1164-1168.
7. CEPF. 2005. Ecosystem Profile: Indo-Burma Hotspot, Eastern Himalayan Region. Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF), WWF US-Asian Program, USA.
8. Chaulagain, N. P. 2006. Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources of Nepal: The Physical and Socioeconomic Dimensions. M. Sc. Thesis. Universität Flensburg, Flensburg.
9. Chape, S., J. Harrison, M. Spalding & L. Lysenko. 2005. Measuring the extent and effectiveness of protected areas as an indicator for meeting global biodiversity targets. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 360: 443-455.
10. Chettri, N., E. Sharma, B. Shakya & B. Bajracharya. 2007. Developing forested conservation corridors in the Kangchenjunga Landscape, Eastern Himalaya. Mountain Research and Development 27: 211-214.
11. Chettri, N. & B. Shakya. 2008. Species to landscape: A paradigm shift in biodiversity conservation through people's participation and policy reform. pp. 131-141. In: G. Rasul & M. Karki (eds.) Policy Priorities for Sustainable Mountain Development: Proceedings and Selected Papers from the Regional Policy Workshop. September 18-20, 2006, Kathmandu, ICIMOD, Nepal. CD Rom.
12. Chettri, N., B. Shakya, R. Thapa & E. Sharma. 2008. Status of protected area system in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya: an analysis of PA coverage. International Journal Biodiversity Science and Management 4: 164-178.
13. Chettri, N., E. Sharma & R. Thapa. 2009. Long term monitoring using transect and landscape approaches within Hindu Kush - Himalayas. pp. 201-208. In: E. Sharma (ed.) Proceedings on International Mountain Biodiversity Conference. 16-18 November 2008. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal.
14. Chettri, N., E. Sharma, B. Shakya, R. Thapa, B. Bajracharya, K. Uddin, K. P. Oli & D. Choudhury. 2010. Biodiversity in the Eastern Himalayas: Status, Trends and Vulnerability to Climate Change. Climate change impact and vulnerability in the Eastern Himalayas - Technical Report 2. ICIMOD, Kathmandu.
15. Coad, L., N. D. Burgess, C. Loucks, L. Fish, J. P. W. Scharlemann, L. Duarte & B. Besançon. 2009. The Ecological Representativeness of the Global Protected Areas Estate in 2009: Progress Towards the CBD 2010 Target. UNEP-WCMC, WWFUS and ECI, University of Oxford.
16. Costanza, R., R. d'Arge, F. R. S. de Groot, M. Grasso, B. Hannon, S. Naeem, K. Limburg, J. Paruelo, R. V. O'Neill, R. Raskin, R. P. Sutton & M. van den Belt. 1997. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387: 253-260.
17. Desai, B. H., K. P. Oli, Y. Yang, N. Chettri & E. Sharma. 2010. Implementation of Convention on Biological Diversity: A Retrospective Analysis in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Countries. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal.
18. Dhar, U. (ed.). 1993. Himalayan Biodiversity: Conservation Strategies. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, India.
19. Dhar, U. (ed.). 1997. Himalayan Biodiversity: Action Plan. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, India.
20. Dhar, U. 2002. Conservation implications of plant endemism in high-altitude Himalaya. Current Science 82: 141-148.
21. Eriksson, M., J. Xu, A. B. Shrestha, R. A. Vaidya, S. Nepal & K. Sandström. 2009. The Changing Himalayas: Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources and Livelihoods in the Greater Himalayas. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal.
22. Gilmour, D. A. & R. J. Fisher. 1991. Villagers, Forests and Foresters. The Philosophy, Process and Practice of Community Forestry in Nepal. Kathmandu.
23. GoN/MFSC. 2006. Sacred Himalayan Landscape (SHL) Strategic Plan: 2006-2016. Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
24. Guangwei, C. 2002. Biodiversity in the Eastern Himalayas: Conservation through Dialogue. Summary reports of the workshops on biodiversity conservation in the Hindu Kush - Himalayan Ecoregion. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal.
25. Gurung, P. C. 2004. Terai Arch Landscape: A new paradigm in conservation and sustainable development. pp. 80-86. In: D. Harmone & G. L. Worboyes (eds.) Managing Mountain Protected Areas: Challenges and Responses for the 21st Century. Andromeda Editrice, Italy.
26. Hoffmann, M., C. Hilton-Taylor, A. Angulo & 172 others. 2010. The impact of conservation on the status of the world's vertebrates. Science 330: 1503-1509.
27. ICIMOD. 2008. Mountain Biodiversity and Climate Change. ICIMOD, Kathmandu.
28. ICIMOD. 2009. Consultation Workshop Report on Regional Experience Sharing Consultation on the Landscape Approach to Biodiversity Conservation and Management in the Eastern Himalayas - Towards Developing the Brahmaputra-Salween Landscape. Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, China 24-28 May 2009. ICIMOD, Kathmandu.
29. IPCC. 2007. IPCC Summary for Policymakers: Climate Change 2007: Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. IPCC WGII: Fourth Assessment Report.
30. Ives, J. D., B. Messerli & E. Spiess. 2004. Mountains of the world: A global priorities. pp. 1-15 In: B. Messerli & J. D. Ives (eds.) Mountains of the World: A Global Priority. Parthenon Publishing Group, New York & London.
31. Jenkins, C. N. & L. Joppa. 2010. Considering protected area category in conservation analyses. Biological Conservation 143: 7-8.
32. Joshi, A. L. 2000. Leasehold forestry, joint forest management and community forestry as appropriate programmes for mountain development. pp. 452-459. In: M. F. Price, N. Butt (eds.) Forests in Sustainable Mountain Development: a State of Knowledge Report for 2000. CABI Publishing, UK.
33. Liu, X. & B. Chen. 2000. Climatic warming in Tibetan Plateau during recent decades. International Journal of Climate 20:1729-1742.
34. Loucks, C., T. H. Rickets, R. Naidoo, J. Lamoreux & J. Hoekstra. 2008. Explaining the global pattern of protected area coverage: relative importance of vertebrate biodiversity, human activities and agricultural suitability. Journal of Biogeography 35:1337-1348.
35. Lovejoy, T. E. 2006. Protected areas: a prism for a changing world. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21: 329-333.
36. MA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment). 2003. Ecosystem and Human Well-Being. Island Press, Washington.
37. Mace, G. M., W. Cramer, S. Díaz, D. P. Faith, A. Larigauderie, P. L. Prestre, M. Palmer, C. Perrings, R. J. Scholes, M. Walpole, B. A. Walther, J. E. M. Watson & H. A. Mooney. 2010. Biodiversity targets after 2010. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2: 1-6.
38. Mertz, O., C. Padoch, J. Fox, R. A. Cramb, S. J. Leisz, N. T. Lam & T. D. Vien. 2009. Swidden change in southeast Asia: Understanding causes and consequences. Human Ecology 37: 259-264.
39. Mikkola, K. 2002. Community Forestry's Impact on Biodiversity Conservation in Nepal. M.Sc. Dissertation, University of London, Imperial College at Wye.
40. Mittermeier, R. A., P. R. Gils, M. Hoffman, J. Pilgrim, T. Brooks, C. G. Mittermeier, J. Lamoreaux & G. A. B. da Fonseca. 2004. Hotspots Revisited. Earth's Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions. CEMEX. USA.
41. Myers, N., R. A. Mittermeier, C. G. Mittermeier, G. A. B. da Fonseca & J. Kent. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853-858.
42. Pai, R. & S. Datta. 2006. Measuring Milestones: Proceedings of the National Workshop on Joint Forest Management (JFM). October 17, 2006, New Delhi. Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India and Winrock International-India.
43. Pandit, M. K., N. S. Sodhi, L. P. Koh, A. Bhaskar & B. W. Brook. 2007. Unreported yet massive deforestation driving loss of endemic biodiversity in Indian Himalaya. Biodiversity and Conservation 16:153-163.
44. Pei, S. 1995. Banking on Biodiversity: Report on the Regional Consultations on Biodiversity Assessment in the Hindu Kush - Himalaya. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal.
45. Poffenberger, M. & S. Singh. 1989. Community Management for India's Forest - Emerging Experiences. The Ford Foundation, New Delhi, India.
46. Rands, M. R. W., W. M. Adams, L. Bennun, S. H. M. Butchart, A. Clements, D. Coomes, A. Entwistle, I. Hodge, V. Kapos, J. P. W. Scharlemann, W. J. Sutherland & B. Vira. 2010. Biodiversity conservation: challenges beyond 2010. Science 329: 1298-1303.
47. Rao, M., A. Rabinowitz & S. T. Khaing. 2002. Status review of the protected-area system in Myanmar, with recommendations for conservation planning. Conservation Biology 16: 360-368.
48. Rodrigues, A. S. L., S. J. Andelman, M. I. Bakarr, L. Boltani, T. M. Brooks, R. M. Cowling, L. D. C. Fishpool, G. A. B. da Fonseca, K. J. Gaston, M. Hoffmann, J. S. Long, P. A. Marquet, J. D. Pilgrim, R. L. Pressey, J. Schipper, W. Sechrest, S. N. Stuart, L. G. Underhill, R. W. Waller, M. E. J. Watta & X. Yan. 2004. Effectiveness of global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature 428: 640-643.
49. Saighal, S., C. Agarwal & J. Campbell. 1996. Sustaining Joint Forest Management: The Role of Non-Timber Forest Products. Draft Paper SPWD, New Delhi.
50. Schild, A. 2008. The case of the Hindu Kush-Himalayas: ICIMOD's position on climate change and mountain systems. Mountain Research and Development 28: 328-331.
51. Secretariat of the CBD. 2004. Biodiversity Issues for Consideration in Planning, Establishment and Management of Protected Area Sites and Networks. Technical Series No. 15. Secretariat of the Convention of Biological Diversity, Montreal.
52. Secretariat of the CBD. 2010. Global Biodiversity Outlook 3. Secretariat of the Convention of Biological Diversity. Montréal.
53. Sharma, E. & N. Chettri. 2005. ICIMOD's transboundary biodiversity management initiative in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas. Mountain Research and Development 25: 280-283.
54. Sharma, U. R. & P. B. Yonzon. 2005. People and Protected Areas in South Asia. Resources Himalaya Foundation, Kathmandu and IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, South Asia, Bangkok.
55. Sharma, E., N. Chettri & P. Gyamtsho. 2006. Advances in community based natural resources management in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region. pp. 9-23. In: P. Gymtsho, B. K. Singh & G. Rasul (eds.) Capitalisation and Sharing of Experiences on the Interaction between Forest Policies and Land Use Pattern in Asia. Volume 2, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal.
56. Sharma, E., N. Chettri, J. Gurung & B. Shakya. 2007. Landscape Approach in Biodiversity Conservation: A Regional Cooperation Framework for Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Kangchenjunga Landscape. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal.
57. Sharma, E., N. Chettri, K. Tse-ring, A. B. Shrestha, F. Jing, P. Mool & M. Eriksson. 2009. Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerability in the Eastern Himalayas. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal
58. Sharma, E., N. Chettri & K. P. Oli. 2010. Mountain biodiversity conservation and management: a paradigm shift in policies and practices in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas. Ecological Research 25: 905-923.
59. Sherpa, M. & U. P. Norbu. 1999. Linking protected areas for ecosystem conservation: a case study from Bhutan. Parks 9: 35-45.
60. Sherpa, L. N., B. Peniston, W. Lama & C. Richard. 2003. Hands Around Everest: Transboundary Cooperation for Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal.
61. Sherpa, M., S. Wangchuk & E. D. Wikramanayake. 2004. Creating biological corridors for conservation and development: A case study from Bhutan. pp. 128-134. In: D. Harmone, G. L. Worboys (eds.) Managing Mountain Protected Areas: Challenges and Responses for the 21st Century. Andromeda Editrice, Italy.
62. Shrestha, A. B. & L. P. Devkota. 2010. Climate Change in the Eastern Himalayas: Observed Trends and Model Projections. Climate Change Impact and Vulnerability in the Eastern Himalayas - Technical Report 1. ICIMOD, Kathmandu.
63. Shrestha, A. B., C. P. Wake, P. A. Mayewski & J. E. Dibb. 1999. Maximum temperature trend in the Himalaya and its vicinity: an analysis based on temperaturerecords from Nepal for the period 1971-1994. Journal of Climate 12: 2775-2786.
64. Shrestha, A. B., C. P. Wake, J. E. Dibb & P. A. Mayewski. 2000. Precipitation fluctuations in the Nepal Himalaya and its vicinity and relationship with some large scale climatological parameters. International Journal of Climatology 20:317-327.
65. Smith, R. D. & E. Maltby. 2003. Using the Ecosystem Approach to Implement the Convention on Biological Diversity: Key Issues and Case Studies. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
66. Tse-ring, K., E. Sharma, N. Chettri & A. Shrestha (eds.). 2010. Climate Change Vulnerability of Mountain Ecosystems in the Eastern Himalayas. Climate change impact an vulnerability in the Eastern Himalayas - Synthesis report. ICIMOD, Kathmandu.
67. Turner, R. K., J. Paavola, P. Cooper, S. Farber, V. Jessamy & S. Georgiou. 2003. Valuing nature: lessons learned and future directions. Ecological Economics 46: 493-510.
68. UNEP. 2010. The State of Biodiversity in Asia and the Pacific. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok.
69. UNEP. 2002. Report on the Sixth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (UNEP/CBD/COP/6/20/Part2). Strategic Plan Decision VI/26 (Convention on Biological Diversity, 2002). Montreal.
70. Walpole, M., R. E. A. Almond, C. Besançon, S. H. M. Butchart, D. Campbell-Lendrum, G. M. Carr, B. Collen, L. Collette, N. C. Davidson, E. Dulloo, A. M. Fazel, J. N. Galloway, M. Gill, T. Goverse, M. Hockings, D. J. Leaman, D. H. W. Morgan, C. Revenga, C. J. Rickwood, F. Schutyser, S. Simons, A. J. Stattersfield, T. D. Tyrrell, J. C. Vié, M. Zimsky. 2009. Tracking progress toward the 2010 biodiversity target and beyond. Science 325: 1503-1504.
71. Wikramanayake, E. D., E. Dinerstein, J. G. Robinson, U. Karanth, A. Rabnowitz, D. Olson, T. Mathew, P. Hedae, M. Conner, G. Hemley & D. Bolze. 1998. An ecology-based method for defining priorities for large mammal conservation: the tiger as case study. Conservation Biology 12: 865-878
72. WWF & ICIMOD. 2001. Ecoregion-based Conservation in the Eastern Himalaya: Identifying Important Areas for Biodiversity Conservation. WWF Nepal, Kathmandu.
73. Xu, J., E. R. Grumbine, A. Shrestha, M. Eriksson, X. Yang, Y. Wang & A. Wilkes. 2009. The melting Himalayas: Cascading effects of climate change on water, biodiversity, and livelihoods. Conservation Biology 23: 520-530.
74. Yonzon, P. B. 1989. Ecology and Conservation of the Red Panda in the Nepal-Himalayas. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Maine, Orono, Maine.
75. Zimmerer, K. S., R. E. Galt & M. V. Buck. 2004. Globalization and multi-spatial trends in the coverage of protected-area conservation (1980-2000). Ambio 33: 520-529.
76. Zomer, R., E. Sharma, K. P. Oli & N. Chettri. 2010. Linking biodiversity conservation and climate change perspectives in bio-culturally rich transboundary areas in the Kailash sacred landscape region of China, India, and Nepal. pp. 142-144. In: Biodiversity and Climate Change: Achieving the 2020 targets. Abstracts of Posters Presented at the 14th Meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 10-21 May 2010, Nairobi, Kenya. Technical Series No. 51. Montreal, SCBD.