Sentinel lymph nodes containing very small (<0.1 mm) deposits of metastatic melanoma cannot be safely regarded as tumor-negative

Annals of Surgical Oncology

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1089-1099

  Murali, Rajmohan ^a,b,c,d   DeSilva, Chitra ^b   McCarthy, Stanley W ^a,b,c   Thompson, John F ^b,c   Scolyer, Richard A ^a,b,c  

^a ROYAL PRINCE ALFRED HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b MELANOMA INSTITUTE AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^d MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER SIZE; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; LYMPH NODE DISSECTION; MALE; MELANOMA; ONCOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; OVERALL SURVIVAL; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE METASTASIS;

ADULT; AGED; BIOPSY; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LYMPH NODE EXCISION; LYMPH NODES; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; MALE; MELANOMA; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS; NEOPLASM STAGING; PROGNOSIS; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; SKIN NEOPLASMS; SURVIVAL RATE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84862492507     PISSN: 10689265     EISSN: 15344681     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1245/s10434-011-2208-z     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Reeves ME, Delgado R, Busam KJ, Brady MS, Coit DG. Prediction of nonsentinel lymph node status in melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10:27-31.
2. Lee JH, Essner R, Torisu-Itakura H, Wanek L, Wang H, Morton DL. Factors predictive of tumor-positive nonsentinel lymph nodes after tumor-positive sentinel lymph node dissection for melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:3677-84. (Pubitemid 41095206)
3. Scolyer RA, Li LX, McCarthy SW, Shaw HM, Stretch JR, Sharma R, et al. Micromorphometric features of positive sentinel lymph nodes predict involvement of nonsentinel nodes in patients with melanoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;122:532-9. (Pubitemid 39281249)
4. Vuylsteke RJ, Borgstein PJ, van Leeuwen PA, Gietema HA, Molenkamp BG, Statius Muller MG, et al. Sentinel lymph node tumor load: an independent predictor of additional lymph node involvement and survival in melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2005;12:440-8. (Pubitemid 40884258)
5. Pearlman NW, McCarter MD, Frank M, Hurtubis C, Merkow RP, Franklin WA, et al. Size of sentinel node metastases predicts other nodal disease and survival in malignant melanoma. Am J Surg. 2006;192:878-81. (Pubitemid 44872996)
6. Debarbieux S, Duru G, Dalle S, Be'atrix O, Balme B, Thomas L. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma: a micromorphometric study relating to prognosis and completion lymph node dissection. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157:58-67. (Pubitemid 46934258)
7. Govindarajan A, Ghazarian DM, McCready DR, Leong WL. Histological features of melanoma sentinel lymph node metastases associated with status of the completion lymphadenectomy and rate of subsequent relapse. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14:906-12. (Pubitemid 46175342)
8. Scheri RP, Essner R, Turner RR, Ye X, Morton DL. Isolated Tumor cells in the sentinel node affect long-term prognosis of patients with melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14:2861-6. (Pubitemid 47460638)
9. Gershenwald JE, Andtbacka RH, Prieto VG, Johnson MM, Diwan AH,Lee JE, et al. Microscopic tumor burden in sentinel lymph nodes predicts synchronous nonsentinel lymph node involvement in patients with melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:4296-303.
10. Rossi CR, De Salvo GL, Bonandini E, Mocellin S, Foletto M, Pasquali S, et al. Factors predictive of nonsentinel lymph node involvement and clinical outcome in melanoma patients with metastatic sentinel lymph node. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15:1202-10.
11. Satzger I, Volker B, Meier A, Kapp A, Gutzmer R. Criteria in sentinel lymph nodes of melanoma patients that predict involvement of nonsentinel lymph nodes. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15:1723-32.
12. van Akkooi AC, Nowecki ZI, Voit C, Schäfer-Hesterberg G, Michej W, de Wilt JH, et al. Sentinel node tumor burden according to the Rotterdam criteria is the most important prognostic factor for survival in melanoma patients: a multicenter study in 388 patients with positive sentinel nodes. Ann Surg. 2008;248:949-55.
13. Francischetto T, Spector N, Neto Rezende JF, de Azevedo Antunes M, de Oliveira Romano S, Small IA, et al. Influence of sentinel lymph node tumor burden on survival in melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17:1152-8.
14. Starz H, Balda BR, Kramer KU, Büchels H, Wang H. A micromorphometry-based concept for routine classification of sentinel lymph node metastases and its clinical relevance for patients with melanoma. Cancer. 2001;91:2110-21. (Pubitemid 32476376)
15. Starz H, Siedlecki K, Balda BR. Sentinel lymphonodectomy and s-classification: a successful strategy for better prediction and improvement of outcome of melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11:162S-8S.
16. Fink AM, Weihsengruber F, Spangl B, Feichtinger H, Lilgenau N, Rappersberger K, et al. S-classification of sentinel lymph node biopsy predicts the results of complete regional lymph node dissection. Melanoma Res. 2005;15:267-71. (Pubitemid 41127462)
17. van der Ploeg IM, Nieweg OE, Valdes Olmos RA, et al. Is completion lymph node dissection needed in case of minimal melanoma metastasis in the sentinel node? Ann Surg Oncol 2008;15(Suppl 1):17.
18. van der Ploeg IM, Kroon BB, Antonini N, Valdés Olmos RA, Nieweg OE. Comparison of three micromorphometric pathology classifications of melanoma metastases in the sentinel node. Ann Surg. 2009;250:301-4.
19. Franco R, CantileM, Scala S, Catalano E, Cerrone M, Scognamiglio G, et al. Histomorphologic parameters and CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression in sentinel node melanoma metastasis are correlated to clinical outcome. Cancer Biol Ther. 2010;9:423-9.
20. Younan R, Bougrine A, Watters K, Mahboubi A, Bouchereau-Eyeque M, Loutfi A, et al. Validation study of the S classification for melanoma patients with positive sentinel nodes: the Montreal experience. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;14:1414-21.
21. Dewar DJ, Newell B, Green MA, Topping AP, Powell BW, Cook MG. The microanatomic location of metastatic melanoma in sentinel lymph nodes predicts nonsentinel lymph node involvement. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:3345-9. (Pubitemid 41103692)
22. Cascinelli N, Bombardieri E, Bufalino R, Camerini T, Carbone A, Clemente C, et al. Sentinel and nonsentinel node status in stage IB and II melanoma patients: two-step prognostic indicators of survival. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4464-71. (Pubitemid 46630985)
23. Wright EH, Stanley PR, Roy A. Evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes positive for melanoma for features predictive of non-sentinel nodal disease and patient prognosis: A 49 patient series. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009;63:e500-2.
24. Murali R, Desilva C, Thompson JF, Scolyer RA. Non-Sentinel Node Risk Score (N-SNORE): a scoring system for accurately stratifying risk of non-sentinel node positivity in patients with cutaneous melanoma with positive sentinel lymph nodes. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:4441-9.
25. Flaherty KT, Hodi FS, Bastian BC. Mutation-driven drug development in melanoma. Curr Opin Oncol. 2010;22:178-83.
26. Murali R, Thompson JF, Scolyer RA. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: aspects of pathologic assessment. Future Oncol. 2008;4:535-51.
27. Scolyer RA, Murali R, McCarthy SW, Thompson JF. Pathologic examination of sentinel lymph nodes from melanoma patients. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2008;25:100-11. (Pubitemid 351885456)
28. Scolyer RA, Murali R, Satzger I, Thompson JF. The detection and significance of melanoma micrometastases in sentinel nodes. Surg Oncol. 2008;17:165-74.
29. van Akkooi AC, de Wilt JH, Verhoef C, Schmitz PI, van Geel AN, Eggermont AM, et al. Clinical relevance of melanoma micrometastases (<0.1 mm) in sentinel nodes: are these nodes to be considered negative? Ann Oncol. 2006;17:1578-85. (Pubitemid 44542045)
30. Scolyer RA, Murali R, Gershenwald JE, Cochran AJ, Thompson JF. Clinical relevance of melanoma micrometastases in sentinel nodes: too early to tell. Ann Oncol. 2007;18:806-8. (Pubitemid 46523292)
31. Abrahamsen HN, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Larsen J, Steiniche T. Sentinel lymph nodes in malignant melanoma: extended histopathologic evaluation improves diagnostic precision. Cancer. 2004;100:1683-91. (Pubitemid 38456346)
32. Gietema HA, Vuylsteke RJ, de Jonge IA, van Leeuwen PA, Molenkamp BG, van der Sijp JR, et al. Sentinel lymph node investigation in melanoma: detailed analysis of the yield from step sectioning and immunohistochemistry. J Clin Pathol. 2004;57:618-20. (Pubitemid 38725763)
33. Riber-Hansen R, Sjoegren P, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Steiniche T. Extensive pathological analysis of selected melanoma sentinel lymph nodes: high metastasis detection rates at reduced work-load. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15:1492-501.
34. Spanknebel K, Coit DG, Bieligk SC, Gonen M, Rosai J, Klimstra DS. Characterization of micrometastatic disease in melanoma sentinel lymph nodes by enhanced pathology: recommendations for standardizing pathologic analysis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29:305-17. (Pubitemid 40321965)
35. Riber-Hansen R, Nyengaard JR, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Steiniche T. Stage migration after minor changes in histologic estimation of tumor burden in sentinel lymph nodes: the protocol trap. Cancer. 2009;115:2177-87.
36. Carlson GW, Murray DR, Lyles RH, Staley CA, Hestley A, Cohen C. The amount of metastatic melanoma in a sentinel lymph node: does it have prognostic significance? Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10:575-81. (Pubitemid 40486923)
37. Cochran AJ, Wen DR, Huang RR, Wang HJ, Elashoff R, Morton DL. Prediction of metastatic melanoma in nonsentinel nodes and clinical outcome based on the primary melanoma and the sentinel node. Mod Pathol. 2004;17:747-55. (Pubitemid 38843356)
38. Guggenheim M, Dummer R, Jung FJ, Mihic-Probst D, Steinert H, Rousson V, et al. The influence of sentinel lymph node tumour burden on additional lymph node involvement and disease-free survival in cutaneous melanoma - a retrospective analysis of 392 cases. Br J Cancer. 2008;98:1922-8. (Pubitemid 351821570)
39. Murali R, Desilva C, Thompson JF, Scolyer RA. Factors predicting recurrence and survival in sentinel lymph node-positive melanoma patients. Ann Surg. 2011;253:1155-64.
40. Satzger I, Volker B, Al Ghazal M, Meier A, Kapp A, Gutzmer R. Prognostic significance of histopathological parameters in sentinel nodes of melanoma patients. Histopathology. 2007;50:764-72. (Pubitemid 46683934)
41. Satzger I, Volker B, Meier A, Schenck F, Kapp A, Gutzmer R. Prognostic significance of isolated HMB45 or Melan A positive cells in melanoma sentinel lymph nodes. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:1175-80. (Pubitemid 47207119)
42. Cook MG, Green MA, Anderson B, Eggermont AM, Ruiter DJ, Spatz A, et al. The development of optimal pathological assessment of sentinel lymph nodes for melanoma. J Pathol. 2003;200:314-9. (Pubitemid 36827305)
43. Riber-Hansen R, Nyengaard JR, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Steiniche T. The nodal location of metastases in melanoma sentinel lymph nodes. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:1522-8.
44. Yee VS, Thompson JF, McKinnon JG, Scolyer RA, Li LX, McCarthy WH, et al. Outcome in 846 cutaneous melanoma patients from a single center after a negative sentinel node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2005;12:429-39. (Pubitemid 40884257)
45. Li LX, Scolyer RA, Ka VS, McKinnon JG, Shaw HM, McCarthy SW, et al. Pathologic review of negative sentinel lymph nodes in melanoma patients with regional recurrence: a clinicopathologic study of 1152 patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:1197-202. (Pubitemid 37040581)
46. Karim RZ, Scolyer RA, Li W, Yee VS, McKinnon JG, Li LX, et al. False negative sentinel lymph node biopsies in melanoma may result from deficiencies in nuclear medicine, surgery, or pathology. Ann Surg. 2008;247:1003-10.
47. Scolyer RA, Li LX, McCarthy SW, Shaw HM, Stretch JR, Sharma R, et al. Immunohistochemical stains fail to increase the detection rate of micrometastatic melanoma in completion regional lymph node dissection specimens. Melanoma Res. 2004;14:263-8. (Pubitemid 39159138)