Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Clinics in Perinatology

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 387-401

  Dominguez, Kathleen M ^a   Moss, R Lawrence ^a  

^a THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Intestinal failure; Necrotizing enterocolitis; Neurodevelopmental outcomes; Peritoneal drainage; Pneumatosis intestinalis; Prematurity; Short gut syndrome

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL DRAINAGE; ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHY; CAUSE OF DEATH; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LAPAROTOMY; LONG TERM CARE; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; NEWBORN INTENSIVE CARE; NEWBORN MORBIDITY; NEWBORN MORTALITY; PATHOGENESIS; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT;

ENTEROCOLITIS, NECROTIZING; HUMANS; INFANT, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; INFANT, PREMATURE, DISEASES; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, NEONATAL; INTESTINAL PERFORATION;

EID: 84862117425     PISSN: 00955108     EISSN: 15579840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2012.04.011     Document Type: Review

References (88)

1. Lambert D.K., Christensen R.D., Henry E., et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis in term neonates: data from a multihospital health-care system. J Perinatol 2007, 27(7):437-443.
2. Holman R.C., Stoll B.J., Clarke M.J., et al. The epidemiology of necrotizing enterocolitis infant mortality in the United States. Am J Public Health 1997, 87(12):2026-2031.
3. Holman R.C., Stoll B.J., Curns A.T., et al. Necrotising enterocolitis hospitalisations among neonates in the United States. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2006, 20(6):498-506.
4. Llanos A.R., Moss M.E., Pinzon M.C., et al. Epidemiology of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis: a population-based study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2002, 16(4):342-349.
5. Holman R.C., Stehr-Green J.K., Zelasky M.T. Necrotizing enterocolitis mortality in the United States, 1979-85. Am J Public Health 1989, 79(8):987-989.
6. Guillet R., Stoll B.J., Cotten C.M., et al. Association of H2-blocker therapy and higher incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 2006, 117(2):e137-e142.
7. Sankaran K., Puckett B., Lee D.S., et al. Variations in incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in Canadian neonatal intensive care units. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004, 39(4):366-372.
8. Srinivasan P.S., Brandler M.D., D'Souza A. Necrotizing enterocolitis. Clin Perinatol 2008, 35(1):251-272. x.
9. Blakely M.L., Gupta H., Lally K.P. Surgical management of necrotizing enterocolitis and isolated intestinal perforation in premature neonates. Semin Perinatol 2008, 32(2):122-126.
10. Fitzgibbons S.C., Ching Y., Yu D., et al. Mortality of necrotizing enterocolitis expressed by birth weight categories. J Pediatr Surg 2009, 44(6):1072-1075. [discussion: 1075-6].
11. Petrosyan M., Guner Y.S., Williams M., et al. Current concepts regarding the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Surg Int 2009, 25(4):309-318.
12. Ford H.R. Mechanism of nitric oxide-mediated intestinal barrier failure: insight into the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2006, 41(2):294-299.
13. Uauy R.D., Fanaroff A.A., Korones S.B., et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants: biodemographic and clinical correlates. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. J Pediatr 1991, 119(4):630-638.
14. Blakely M.L., Lally K.P., McDonald S., et al. Postoperative outcomes of extremely low birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis or isolated intestinal perforation: a prospective cohort study by the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Ann Surg 2005, 241(6):984-989. [discussion: 989-94].
15. Henry M.C., Lawrence Moss R. Surgical therapy for necrotizing enterocolitis: bringing evidence to the bedside. Semin Pediatr Surg 2005, 14(3):181-190.
16. Lambert D.K., Christensen R.D., Baer V.L., et al. Fulminant necrotizing enterocolitis in a multihospital healthcare system. J Perinatol 2012, 32(3):194-198.
17. Albanese C.T., Rowe M.I. Necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Pediatr Surg 1995, 4(4):200-206.
18. Bolisetty S., Lui K., Oei J., et al. A regional study of underlying congenital diseases in term neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis. Acta Paediatr 2000, 89(10):1226-1230.
19. Obladen M. Necrotizing enterocolitis-150 years of fruitless search for the cause. Neonatology 2009, 96(4):203-210.
20. Murgas Torrazza R., Neu J. The developing intestinal microbiome and its relationship to health and disease in the neonate. J Perinatol 2011, 31(Suppl 1):S29-S34.
21. Hunter C.J., Upperman J.S., Ford H.R., et al. Understanding the susceptibility of the premature infant to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Pediatr Res 2008, 63(2):117-123.
22. Nankervis C.A., Giannone P.J., Reber K.M. The neonatal intestinal vasculature: contributing factors to necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Perinatol 2008, 32(2):83-91.
23. McElhinney D.B., Hedrick H.L., Bush D.M., et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with congenital heart disease: risk factors and outcomes. Pediatrics 2000, 106(5):1080-1087.
24. Young C.M., Kingma S.D., Neu J. Ischemia-reperfusion and neonatal intestinal injury. J Pediatr 2011, 158(Suppl 2):e25-e28.
25. Berman L., Moss R.L. Necrotizing enterocolitis: an update. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2011, 16(3):145-150.
26. Neu J., Walker W.A. Necrotizing enterocolitis. N Engl J Med 2011, 364(3):255-264.
27. Christensen R.D., Gordon P.V., Besner G.E. Can we cut the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in half-today?. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2010, 29(4):185-198.
28. Blakely M.L., Tyson J.E., Lally K.P., et al. Laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage for necrotizing enterocolitis or isolated intestinal perforation in extremely low birth weight infants: outcomes through 18 months adjusted age. Pediatrics 2006, 117(4):e680-e687.
29. Bisquera J.A., Cooper T.R., Berseth C.L. Impact of necrotizing enterocolitis on length of stay and hospital charges in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 2002, 109(3):423-428.
30. Ballance W.A., Dahms B.B., Shenker N., et al. Pathology of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a ten-year experience. J Pediatr 1990, 117(1 Pt 2):S6-S13.
31. Zhang Y., Ortega G., Camp M., et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis requiring surgery: outcomes by intestinal location of disease in 4371 infants. J Pediatr Surg 2011, 46(8):1475-1481.
32. Lin P.W., Nasr T.R., Stoll B.J. Necrotizing enterocolitis: recent scientific advances in pathophysiology and prevention. Semin Perinatol 2008, 32(2):70-82.
33. Nowicki P.T., Caniano D.A., Hammond S., et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human intestine resected for necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr 2007, 150(1):40-45.
34. Sanderson I.R. The physicochemical environment of the neonatal intestine. Am J Clin Nutr 1999, 69(5):1028S-1034S.
35. Henry M.C., Moss R.L. Necrotizing enterocolitis. Annu Rev Med 2009, 60:111-124.
36. Indrio F., Neu J. The intestinal microbiome of infants and the use of probiotics. Curr Opin Pediatr 2011, 23(2):145-150.
37. Lebenthal A., Lebenthal E. The ontogeny of the small intestinal epithelium. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1999, 23(Suppl 5):S3-S6.
38. Di Lorenzo M., Bass J., Krantis A. An intraluminal model of necrotizing enterocolitis in the developing neonatal piglet. J Pediatr Surg 1995, 30(8):1138-1142.
39. Emami C.N., Petrosyan M., Giuliani S., et al. Role of the host defense system and intestinal microbial flora in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2009, 10(5):407-417.
40. Chokshi N.K., Guner Y.S., Hunter C.J., et al. The role of nitric oxide in intestinal epithelial injury and restitution in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Perinatol 2008, 32(2):92-99.
41. Nowicki P.T. Ischemia and necrotizing enterocolitis: where, when, and how. Semin Pediatr Surg 2005, 14(3):152-158.
42. Nowicki P.T., Dunaway D.J., Nankervis C.A., et al. Endothelin-1 in human intestine resected for necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr 2005, 146(6):805-810.
43. Anand R.J., Leaphart C.L., Mollen K.P., et al. The role of the intestinal barrier in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Shock 2007, 27(2):124-133.
44. Chen C.L., Yu X., James I.O., et al. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor protects intestinal stem cells from injury in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Lab Invest 2012, 92(3):331-344.
45. Frost B.L., Jilling T., Caplan M.S. The importance of pro-inflammatory signaling in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Perinatol 2008, 32(2):100-106.
46. Caplan M.S., Simon D., Jilling T. The role of PAF, TLR, and the inflammatory response in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Pediatr Surg 2005, 14(3):145-151.
47. MacKendrick W., Caplan M. Necrotizing enterocolitis. New thoughts about pathogenesis and potential treatments. Pediatr Clin North Am 1993, 40(5):1047-1059.
48. Kliegman R.M. The relationship of neonatal feeding practices and the pathogenesis and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics 2003, 111(3):671-672.
49. Anderson D.M., Kliegman R.M. The relationship of neonatal alimentation practices to the occurrence of endemic necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Perinatol 1991, 8(1):62-67.
50. Kennedy K.A., Tyson J.E., Chamnanvanakij S. Rapid versus slow rate of advancement of feedings for promoting growth and preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in parenterally fed low-birth-weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000, 2. CD001241.
51. Morgan J., Young L., McGuire W. Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011, 3. CD001970.
52. Morgan J., Young L., McGuire W. Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011, 3. CD001241.
53. Rayyis S.F., Ambalavanan N., Wright L., et al. Randomized trial of " slow" versus " fast" feed advancements on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 1999, 134(3):293-297.
54. Kamitsuka M.D., Horton M.K., Williams M.A. The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis after introducing standardized feeding schedules for infants between 1250 and 2500 grams and less than 35 weeks of gestation. Pediatrics 2000, 105(2):379-384.
55. McCallie K.R., Lee H.C., Mayer O., et al. Improved outcomes with a standardized feeding protocol for very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 2011, 31(Suppl 1):S61-S67.
56. McGuire W., Anthony M.Y. Donor human milk versus formula for preventing necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants: systematic review. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003, 88(1):F11-F14.
57. Boyd C.A., Quigley M.A., Brocklehurst P. Donor breast milk versus infant formula for preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2007, 92(3):F169-F175.
58. Kuschel C.A., Harding J.E. Multicomponent fortified human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004, 1. CD000343.
59. Sullivan S., Schanler R.J., Kim J.H., et al. An exclusively human milk-based diet is associated with a lower rate of necrotizing enterocolitis than a diet of human milk and bovine milk-based products. J Pediatr 2010, 156(4):562-567. e1.
60. Singh R., Visintainer P.F., Frantz I.D., et al. Association of necrotizing enterocolitis with anemia and packed red blood cell transfusions in preterm infants. J Perinatol 2011, 31(3):176-182.
61. Weintraub A.S., Ferrara L., Deluca L., et al. Antenatal antibiotic exposure in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Perinatol 2011, [Epub ahead of print].
62. Kliegman R.M. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: bridging the basic science with the clinical disease. J Pediatr 1990, 117(5):833-835.
63. Christensen R.D., Wiedmeier S.E., Baer V.L., et al. Antecedents of Bell stage III necrotizing enterocolitis. J Perinatol 2010, 30(1):54-57.
64. Kennedy J., Holt C.L., Ricketts R.R. The significance of portal vein gas in necrotizing enterocolitis. Am Surg 1987, 53(4):231-234.
65. Young C., Sharma R., Handfield M., et al. Biomarkers for infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis: clues to prevention?. Pediatr Res 2009, 65(5 Pt 2):91R-97R.
66. Bell M.J., Ternberg J.L., Feigin R.D., et al. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann Surg 1978, 187(1):1-7.
67. Ein S.H., Marshall D.G., Girvan D. Peritoneal drainage under local anesthesia for perforations from necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 1977, 12(6):963-967.
68. Moss R.L., Dimmitt R.A., Barnhart D.C., et al. Laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage for necrotizing enterocolitis and perforation. N Engl J Med 2006, 354(21):2225-2234.
69. Rees C.M., Eaton S., Kiely E.M., et al. Peritoneal drainage or laparotomy for neonatal bowel perforation? A randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 2008, 248(1):44-51.
70. Stringer M.D., Brereton R.J., Drake D.P., et al. Recurrent necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 1993, 28(8):979-981.
71. O'Connor A., Sawin R.S. High morbidity of enterostomy and its closure in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. Arch Surg 1998, 133(8):875-880.
72. Horwitz J.R., Lally K.P., Cheu H.W., et al. Complications after surgical intervention for necrotizing enterocolitis: a multicenter review. J Pediatr Surg 1995, 30(7):994-998. [discussion: 998-9].
73. Henry M.C., Moss R.L. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Pediatr Surg 2008, 17(2):98-109.
74. Duro D., Kalish L.A., Johnston P., et al. Risk factors for intestinal failure in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis: a Glaser Pediatric Research Network study. J Pediatr 2010, 157(2):203-208. e1.
75. Andorsky D.J., Lund D.P., Lillehei C.W., et al. Nutritional and other postoperative management of neonates with short bowel syndrome correlates with clinical outcomes. J Pediatr 2001, 139(1):27-33.
76. Arnold M., Moore S.W., Sidler D., et al. Long-term outcome of surgically managed necrotizing enterocolitis in a developing country. Pediatr Surg Int 2010, 26(4):355-360.
77. Peyret B., Collardeau S., Touzet S., et al. Prevalence of liver complications in children receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011, 65(6):743-749.
78. Duro D., Mitchell P.D., Kalish L.A., et al. Risk factors for parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease following surgical therapy for necrotizing enterocolitis: a Glaser Pediatric Research Network Study [corrected]. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011, 52(5):595-600.
79. Hintz S.R., Kendrick D.E., Stoll B.J., et al. Neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants after necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics 2005, 115(3):696-703.
80. Stevenson D.K., Kerner J.A., Malachowski N., et al. Late morbidity among survivors of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics 1980, 66(6):925-927.
81. Mshvildadze M., Neu J. Probiotics and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. Early Hum Dev 2009, 85(Suppl 10):S71-S74.
82. Deshpande G., Rao S., Patole S. Probiotics for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm neonates with very low birthweight: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Lancet 2007, 369(9573):1614-1620.
83. Coursodon C.F., Dvorak B. Epidermal growth factor and necrotizing enterocolitis. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012, 24(2):160-164.
84. Feng J., Besner G.E. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor promotes enterocyte migration and proliferation in neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2007, 42(1):214-220.
85. Feng J., El-Assal O.N., Besner G.E. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor reduces intestinal apoptosis in neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2006, 41(4):742-747. [discussion: 742-7].
86. Feng J., El-Assal O.N., Besner G.E. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor decreases the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal rats. J Pediatr Surg 2006, 41(1):144-149. [discussion: 144-9].
87. Radulescu A., Zhang H.Y., Yu X., et al. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor overexpression in transgenic mice increases resistance to necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2010, 45(10):1933-1939.
88. Radulescu A., Yu X., Orvets N.D., et al. Deletion of the heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor gene increases susceptibility to necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2010, 45(4):729-734.