Does smoking cannabis affect work commitment?

Addiction

Volumn 107, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 1309-1315

  Hyggen, Christer ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN SOCIAL RESEARCH NOVA   (Norway)

Author keywords

Cannabis; Longitudinal data; Panel survey; Work commitment

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CANNABIS SMOKING; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; JOB SATISFACTION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NORWAY; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REGISTER; SOCIOECONOMICS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; JOB SATISFACTION; MALE; MARIJUANA SMOKING; MIDDLE AGED; NORWAY; PERSONNEL LOYALTY; REGISTRIES; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84861948021     PISSN: 09652140     EISSN: 13600443     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03796.x     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Halvorsen K. Employment commitment among the long-term unemplyed in Norway: is a 'culture of dependency' about to develop? Eur J Soc Work 1999; 2: 177-92.
2. Buckingham A. Is there an underclass in Britain? Br J Sociol 1999; 50: 49-75.
3. Murray C. The British underclass. Public Interest 1990; 99: 4-28.
4. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). 2010 Annual Report on the State of Drugs Problem in Europe. Lisbon: EMCDDA; 2010.
5. Sandberg S. Cannabiskultur og normalisering av hasj i Norge [Cannabisculture and normalisation of Cannabis in Norway]. Tidsskr Samfunnsforsk 2010; 51: 495-524.
6. Parker H. J., Aldridge J., Measham F. Illegal Leisure: The Normalization of Adolescent Recreational Drug Use. London/New York: Routledge; 1998.
7. Sandberg S., Pedersen W. Cannabiskultur [Cannabisculture]. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget; 2010.
8. Hammersley R., Jenkins R., Reid M. Cannabis use and social identity. Addict Res Theory 2001; 9: 133-50.
9. Pedersen W. Cannabis use: subcultural opposition or social marginality? A population-based longitudinal study. Acta Sociol 2009; 52: 135-48.
10. Lynskey M., Hall W. The effects of adolescent cannabis use on educational attainment: a review. Addiction 2000; 95: 1621-30.
11. McKenna T. Food of the Gods: The Search for the Original Tree of Knowledge. A Radical History of Plants, Drugs, and Human Evolution. New York: Bantam Books; 1992.
12. Macleod J., Oakes R., Copello A., Crome, L., Egger, M., Hickman, M. etal. Psychological and social sequelae of cannabis and other illicit drug use by young people: a systematic review of longitudinal, general population studies. Lancet 2004; 363: 1579-88.
13. Zammit S., Moore H. M., Lingford-Hughes A., Barnes T. R. E., Jones P. B. Effects of cannabis use on outcomes of psychotic disorders: systematic review. Br J Psychiatry 2008; 193: 357-63.
14. Barnwell S. S., Earleywine M., Wilcox R. Cannabis, motivation, and life satisfaction in an internet sample. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2006; 1: 1-29.
15. Tennant F. S. Jr, Groesbeck C. J. Psychiatric effects of hashish. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972; 27: 133-6.
16. Roxburgh A., Hall W. D., Degenhardt L., McLaren, J., Black, E., Copeland, J. etal. The epidemiology of cannabis use and cannabis-related harm in Australia 1993-2007. Addiction 2010; 105: 1071-9.
17. Johns A. Psychiatric effects of cannabis. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178: 116-22.
18. Hall W., Solowij N., Lemon J. The health and social consequences of cannabis use. Monograph Series. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service; 1994.
19. Solowij N., Michie P. T., Fox A. M. Effects of long-term cannabis use on selective attention-an event-related potential study. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1991; 40: 683-8.
20. Fergusson D. M., Horwood L. J., Beautrais A. L. Cannabis and educational achievement. Addiction 2003; 98: 1681-92.
21. Schuster C., O'Malley P. M., Bachman J. G., Johnston L. D., Schulenberg J. Adolescent marijuana use and adult occupational attainment: a longitudinal study from age 18 to 28. Subst Use Misuse 2001; 36: 997-1014.
22. Horwood L. J., Fergusson D. M., Hayatbakhsh M. R., Najman, J. M., Coffey, C., Patton, G. C. etal. Cannabis use and educational achievement: findings from three Australasian cohort studies. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010; 110: 247-53.
23. MacDonald Z., Pudney S. Illicit drug use, unemployment, and occupational attainment. J Health Econ 2000; 19: 1089-115.
24. MacDonald Z., Pudney S. Illicit drug use and labour market achievement: evidence from the UK. Appl Econ 2001; 33: 1655-68.
25. Fergusson D. M., Horwood L. J. Early onset cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in young adults. Addiction 1997; 92: 279-96.
26. Muggleton D. Inside Subculture: The Postmodern Meaning of Style. Oxford: Berg Publishers; 2000.
27. Sandberg S. A narrative search for respect. Deviant Behav 2009; 30: 487-510.
28. Sandberg S. Gangster, victim or both? The interdiscursive construction of sameness and difference in self-presentations. Br J Sociol 2009; 60: 523-42.
29. Banks M., Henry P. Change and stability in employment commitment. J Occup Organ Psychol 1993; 66: 177-84.
30. Kanungo R. N. Measurement of job and work involvement. J Appl Psychol 1982; 67: 341-9.
31. ter Bogt T., Raaijmakers Q., van Wel F. Socialization and development of the work ethic among adolescents and young adults. J Vocat Behav 2005; 66: 420-37.
32. Winefield A. H. Unemployment: its psychological costs. Int Rev Ind Organ Psychol 1995; 10: 169-212.
33. Isaksson K., Johansson G., Bellaagh K., Sjoberg A. Work values among the unemployed: changes over time and some gender differences. Scand J Psychol 2004; 45: 207-14.
34. Hyggen C. Change and stability in work commitment in Norway: from adolescence to adulthood. J Soc Policy 2008; 37: 103-23.
35. Jackson P., Stafford E., Banks M., Warr P. Unemployment and psychological distress in young people: the moderating role of employment commitment. Am Psychol Assoc 1983; 68: 525-35.
36. Banks M., Ullah P. Youth Unemployment in the 1980s: Its Psychological Effects. London/Sydney: Croom Helm; 1988.
37. Lindbeck A. Raising children to work hard: altruism, work norms and social insurance. Q J Econ 2006; 4: 1473-503.
38. Lindbeck A., Nyberg S., Weibull J. W. Social norms and economic incentives in the welfare state. Q J Econ 1999; 114: 1-35.
39. Marsh C., Alvaro J. L. A cross-cultural perspective on the social and psychological distress caused by unemployment: a comparison of Spain and the United Kingdom. Eur Sociol Rev 1990; 6: 237-55.
40. Jahoda M. Employment and Unemployment: A Social-Psychological Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1982.
41. Hagstrøm T. Arbetsløsas beredskap infør arbetslivet. [Employment resources among the unemployed]. Department of Education. Stockholm: University of Stockholm; 1988.
42. Marklund S. Helplessness, cumulative deprivation and persistent poverty. In: Fridberg T., editor. On Social Assistance in the Nordic Capitals. Copenhagen: SFI [National Centre for Social Research]; 1993, p. 150-66.
43. Gallie D., Alm S. Unemployment, gender, and attitudes to work. In: Gallie D., Paugam S., editors. Welfare Regimes and the Experience of Unemployment in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000, p. 109-33.
44. Hammer T., Russel H. Gender differences in employment commitment among unemployed youth. In: Gallie D., editor. Resisting Marginalization. Unemployment Experience and Social Policy in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004, p. 81-104.
45. Hakim C. Work-Lifestyle Choices in the 21st Century: Preference Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000.
46. Hakim C. Lifestyle preferences as determinants of women's differentiated labor market careers. Work Occup 2002; 29: 428-59.
47. Hakim C. A new approachh to explaining fertility patterns: preference theory. Popul Dev Rev 2003; 29: 349-74.
48. Mørk E. Sluttrapport: Undersøkelse om arbeid, livsstil og helse-1987 og 1989 [Final report: Survey on Work, lifestyle and health-1987 and 1989]. Oslo: Statistisk Sentralbyrå; 1989.
49. Akselsen A., Lien S., Sivertstøl Ø. FD-trygd. List of variables. Oslo: Statistics Norway. Department of Social Statistics/Division for Social Welfare Statistics; 2007.
50. Warr P., Cook J., Wall T. Scales for the measurement of some work attitudes and aspects of psychological well-being. J Occup Psychol 1979; 52: 129-48.
51. Nordenmark M. Employment commitment and psychological well-being among unemployed men and women. Acta Sociol 1999; 42: 135-46.
52. Derogatis L. R., Lipman R. S., Uhlenhut E. H., Covi L. The Hopkins Symptom Check List (HSCL). A self-report symptom inventory. Behav Sci 1974; 19: 1-15.
53. Hammer T. Labour market integration of unemployed youth from a life course perspective: the case of Norway. Int J Soc Welf 2007; 16: 249-57.
54. Hammer T., Hyggen C. Unge sosialklienters arbeidstilpasning i voksen alder. [Labour market adjustment in adulthood for young social assistance recipients]. In: Hammer T., Øverbye E., editors. Inkluderende arbeidsliv? Erfaringer og strategier. [Inclusive labour market? Experiences and strategies]. Oslo: Gyldendal Akademisk; 2006, p. 32-51.
55. Skrede K. Sosioøkonomisk klassifisering av yrker i Norge 1960 [Socioeconomic classification of professions in Norway 1960]. Oslo: Institute of Applied Social Research (INAS); 1971.
56. Horverak Ø., Bye E. Det norske drikkemønsteret. En studie basert på intervjudata fra 1973-2004. [The Norwegian pattern of drinking. A study based on survey data from 1973 to 2004]. Sirus Rapport. Oslo: Statens institutt for rusmiddelforskning; 2007.
57. Rabe-Hesketh S., Skrondal A. Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press; 2008.
58. Wooldridge J. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2002.
59. Breusch T. S., Pagan A. R. A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation. Econometrica 1979; 47: 1287-94.
60. Hausman J. A. Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica 1978; 46: 1251-71.