Environmental impact of using biodiesel as fuel in transportation: A review

International Journal of Global Warming

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 232-256

  Palit, Samiddha ^a   Chowdhuri, Achin Kumar ^a   Mandal, Bijan Kumar ^a  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (India)

Author keywords

Biodiesel; CI engine; Fuel; Pollutant emissions; Smoke opacity; Transesterification

Indexed keywords

EID: 84861924531     PISSN: 17582083     EISSN: 17582091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/ijgw.2011.043421     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Adeeb, Z. (2004) 'Glycerol delignification of poplar wood chips in aqueous medium', Energy Education Science & Technology, Vol. 13, pp.81-88.
2. Alam, M., Song, J., Acharya, R., Boehman, A. and Miller, K. (2004) Combustion and Emissions Performance of Low Sulfur, Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel and Biodiesel Blends in a DI Diesel Engine, SAE Paper, No. 2004-01-3024.
3. Alam, M., Song, J., Zello, V. and Boehman, A. (2006) 'Spray and combustion visualization of a direct injection diesel engine operated with oxygenated fuels blends', International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 7, pp.503-521. (Pubitemid 46521996)
4. Bagley, S.T., Gratz, L.D., Johnson, J.H. and McDonald, J.F. (1998) 'Effects of an oxidation catalytic converter and a biodiesel fuel on the chemical, mutagenic, and particle size characteristics of emissions from a diesel engine', Environmental. Science and Technology, Vol. 32, pp.1183-1191. (Pubitemid 28208680)
5. Balat, M. (2005) 'Current alternative engine fuels', Energy Sources, Vol. 27, pp.569-577.
6. Bamgboye, A.I. and Hansen, A.C. (2008) 'Prediction of cetane number of biodiesel fuel from the Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) composion', International Agrophysics, Vol. 22, pp.21-29. (Pubitemid 351546266)
7. Barnwal, B.K. and Sharma, M.P. (2005) 'Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils in India', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 9, pp.363-378.
8. Bouche, T., Hinz, M., Pittermann, R. and Herrmann, M. (2000) Optimising Tractor C1 Engines for Biodiesel Operation, SAE Special Publication, SP-1545, pp.57-64.
9. Bozbas, K. (2008) 'Biodiesel as an alternative motor fuel: Production and policies in the European Union', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 12, pp.542-552. (Pubitemid 350214539)
10. Bunyakiat, K., Makmee, S., Sawangkeaw, R. and Ngamprasertsith, S. (2006) 'Continuous production of biodiesel via transesterification from vegetable oils in supercritical methanol', Energy Fuels, Vol. 20, pp.812-817.
11. Buyukkaya, E. (2010) 'Effects of biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics', Fuel, Vol. 89, pp.3099-3105.
12. Canakci, M. and Van Gerpen, J.H. (2001) Comparison of Engine Performance and Emissions for Petroleum Diesel Fuel, Yellow Grease Biodiesel, and Soybean Oil Diesel, ASAE Annual International Meeting, Paper No. 016050.
13. Cardone, M., Prati, M.V., Rocco, V., Seggiani, M., Senatore, A. and Vitolos, S. (2002) 'Brassica Carinata as an alternative oil crop for the production of biodiesel in Italy: Engine performance and regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions', Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 36, pp.4656-4662. (Pubitemid 35276514)
14. Carraretto, C., Macor, A., Mirandola, A., Stoppato, A. and Tonon, A. (2004) 'Biodiesel as alternative fuel: Experimental analysis and energetic evaluations', Energy, Vol. 29, pp.2195-2211. (Pubitemid 39605846)
15. Chakravorty, U., Hubett, M.H. and Nøstbakken, L. (2009) 'Fuel versus food', Annual. Review of Resource Economics, Vol. 1, pp.645-663.
16. Chand, N. (2002) 'Plant oils-fuel of the future', Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Vol. 61, pp.7-16.
17. Chisti, Y. (2007) 'Biodiesel from microalgae', Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 25, pp.294-306. (Pubitemid 46498675)
18. Choi, C.Y. and Reitz, R.D. (1999) 'A numerical analysis of the emissions characteristics of biodiesel blended fuels', ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 121, pp.31-37.
19. Choi, C.Y., Bower, G.R. and Reitz, R.D. (1997) Effects of Biodiesel Blended Fuels and Multiple Injections on D.I. Diesel Engines, SAE Paper, No. 970218.
20. de Almeida, S.C.A., Rodrigues, B.C., Nascimento, M.V.G., Vieira, L.S.R. and Fleury, G. (2002) 'Performance of a diesel generator fuelled with palm oil', Fuel, Vol. 81, pp.2097-2102. (Pubitemid 34862208)
21. Demirbas, A. (2003) 'Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods: A survey', Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 44, pp.2093-2109.
22. Demirbas, A. (2007) 'Importance of biodiesl as transportance fuel', Energy Policy, Vol. 35, pp.4661-4670.
23. Durbin, T.D., Collins, J.R., Norbech, J.M. and Smith, M.R. (2000) 'Effects of biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and a synthetic diesel on emissions from light heavy-duty diesel vehicles', Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 34, pp.349-355. (Pubitemid 30080168)
24. Durrett, T.P., Benning, C. and Ohlrogge, J. (2008) 'Plant triacylglycerols as feedstocks for the production of biofuels', The Plant Journal, Vol. 54, pp.593-607. (Pubitemid 351695316)
25. EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) (2002) A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhausts Emissions, Draft Technical Report, EPA420-P-02-001.
26. Foidl, N., Foidl, G., Sanchez, M., Mittelbach, M. and Hackel, S. (1996) 'Jatropha curcas L. as a resource for the production of biofuel in Nicaragua', Bioresource Technology, Vol. 58 pp.77-82. (Pubitemid 27035967)
27. Freedman, B., Pryde, E.H. and Mounts, T.L. (1984) 'Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils', Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Vol. 61, pp.1638-1643. (Pubitemid 16576578)
28. Frondel, M. and Peters, J. (2007) 'Biodiesel: A new Oildorado?', Energy Policy, Vol. 35, pp.1675-1684. (Pubitemid 44858145)
29. Fukuda, H., Kondo, A. and Noda, H. (2001) 'Review: Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils', Journal of Bioresource and Bioengineering, Vol. 92, pp.405-416. (Pubitemid 34016984)
30. Graboski, M.S. and McCormick, R.L. (1998) 'Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines', Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 24, pp.125-164. (Pubitemid 128378383)
31. Haas, M.J., McAloon, A.J., Yee, W.C. and Foglia, T.A. (2006) 'A process model to estimate biodiesel production costs', Bioresource Technology, Vol. 97, pp.673-678.
32. Hamasaki, K., Kinashita, E., Tajima, H., Takasaki, K. and Moitra, D. (2001) 'Combustion characteristics of diesel engines with waste vegetable oil methyl ester', Proceedings of 5th International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines (COMODIA 1998), 20-23 July, Yokohama, Japan.
33. Hansen, K.F. and Jensen, M.G. (1997) Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Exhaust Emissions from a DI Diesel Engine Fuelled with Rapeseed Oil Methyl Ester (RME), SAE Paper, No. 971689.
34. Hass, M.J., Scot, K.M., Alleman, T.L. and McCormick, R.L. (2001) 'Engine performance of biodiesel fuel prepared from soybean soapstick: A high quality renewable fuel produced from a waste feed stock', Energy Fuels, Vol. 15, pp.1207-1212. (Pubitemid 33013525)
35. Iida, N., Suzuki, Y., Sato, G.T. and Sawada, T. (1986) Effects of Intake Oxygen Concentration on the Characteristics of Particulate Emissions from a D.K. Diesel Engine, SAE Paper, No. 861233.
36. Kado, N.Y. and Kuzmicky, P.A. (2003) Bioassay Analysis of Particulate Matter from a Diesel Bus Engine Using Various Biodiesel Feedstock Fuels, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Report, NREL/SR-510-31463.
37. Kallivroussis, L., Natsis, A. and Papadakis, G. (1986) The Energy Balance of Sunflower Oil/Diesel Fuel Blends in Diesel Engines, Transaction of the ASAE, Vol. 81, pp.347-354.
38. Karmakar, A., Karmakar, S. and Mukherjee, S. (2010) 'Properties of various plants and animals feedstocks for biodiesel production', Bioresource Technology, Vol. 101, pp.7201-7210.
39. Kiss, F.E., Jovanovic, M. and Boškovic, G.C. (2010) 'Economic and ecological aspects of biodiesel production over homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts', Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 91, pp.1316-1320.
40. Knothe, G., Sharp, C.A. and Ryan III, T.W. (2006) 'Exhaust emissions of biodiesel, petrodiesel, neat methyl esters, and alkanes in a new technology engine', Energy Fuels, Vol. 20, pp.403-408. (Pubitemid 43292846)
41. Korbitz, W. (1999) 'Biodiesel production in Europe and North America, an encouraging prospect', Renewable Energy, Vol. 16, pp.1078-1083.
42. Krahl, J., Munack, A., Schröder, O., Stein, H. and Bünger, J. (2003) Influence of Biodiesel and Different Designed Diesel Fuels on the Exhaust Gas Emissions and Health Effects, SAE Paper, No. 2003-01-3199.
43. Lapuerta, M., Armas, O. and Ballesteros, R. (2002) Diesel Particulate Emissions from Biofuels Derived from Spanish Vegatable Oils, SAE Paper, No. 2002-01-1657.
44. Lapuerta, M., Armas, O., Ballesteros, R. and Carmona, M. (2000) Fuel Formulation Effects on Passenger Car Diesel Engine Particulate Emissions and Composition, SAE Paper, No. 2000-01-1850.
45. Lapuerta, M., Armas, O., Ballesteros, R. and Fernández, J. (2005) 'Diesel emissions from biofuels derived from Spanish potential vegetable oils', Fuel, Vol. 84, pp.773-780.
46. Last, R.J., Kruger, M. and Durnholz, M. (1995) Emission and Performance Characteristics of a 4-Stroke, Direct Injected Diesel Engine Fueled with Blends of Biodiesel and Low Sulphur Diesel Fuel, SAE Paper, Paper No. 950054.
47. Leung, D.Y.C., Luo, Y. and Chan, T.L. (2006) 'Optimization of exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel', Energy Fuels, Vol. 20, pp.1015-1023. (Pubitemid 43984722)
48. Li, X. and Gülder, Ö.L. (1998) 'Effect of fuel cetane number, density and aromatic content on diesel engine NOx emissions at different operating conditions', Proceedings of 4th International Symposium (COMODIA 2001), 1-4 July, Nagoya, Japan.
49. Ma, F. and Hanna, MA. (1999) 'Biodiesel production: A review', Bioresource Technology, Vol. 70, pp.1-15. (Pubitemid 29225069)
50. Ma, F., Clements, L.D. and Hanna, M.A. (1998) 'The effects of catalyst, free fatty acids, and water on transesterification of beef tallow', ASAE Transaction, Vol. 41, pp.1261-1264. (Pubitemid 28501421)
51. Marchetti, J.M., Miguel, V.U. and Errazu, A.F. (2005) 'Possible methods for biodiesel production', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 11, pp.1300-1311. (Pubitemid 44827857)
52. Marshall, W., Schumacher, L.G. and Howell, S. (1995) Engine Exhaust Emissions Evaluation of a Cummins L10E Engine When Fuelled with a Biodiesel Blend, SAE Paper, No. 952363.
53. Martin, A. (2008) 'Fuel choices, food prices and finger-pointing', New York Times, March, Vol. 15, pp.1-6.
54. Meher, L.C., Sagar, D.V. and Naik, S.N. (2006) 'Technical aspects of biodiesel production by Transesterification-A review', Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 10, pp.248-268.
55. Mittelbach, M. and Remschmidt, C. (2004) Biodiesel: The Comprehensive Handbook, Boersedruck Ges. M.B.H., Vienna.
56. Monyem, A. and Van Gerpen, J.H. (2001) 'The effect of biodiesel oxidation on engine performance and emissions', Biomass Bioenergy, Vol. 20, pp.317-325.
57. Monyem, A., Van Gerpen, J.H. and Canakci, M. (2001) The Effect of Timing and Oxidation on Emissions from Biodiesel-Fueled Engines, Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 44, pp.35-42.
58. Muñoz, M., Moreno, F. and Morea, J. (2004) Emissions of an Automobile Diesel Engine Fueled with Sunflower Methyl Ester, Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 47, pp.5-11.
59. Nabi, N., Akhter, S. and Mhia, Z.S. (2006) 'Improvement of engine emissions with conventional diesel fuel and diesel-biodiesel blends', Bioresource Technology, Vol. 97, pp.372-378.
60. Nakpong, P. and Wootthikanokkhan, S. (2010) 'Optimization of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas L. oil via alkali-catalyzed methanolysis', Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment, Vol. 1, pp.105-109.
61. Nwafor, O.M.I. (2004) 'Emission characteristics of diesel engine operating on rapeseed methylester', Renewable Energy, Vol. 29, pp.119-129. (Pubitemid 37007982)
62. Nwafor, O.M.I., Rice, G. and Ogbonna, A.I. (2000) 'Effect of advanced injection timing on the performance of rapeseed oil in diesel engines', Renewable Energy, Vol. 21, pp.433-444.
63. Parawira, W. (2010) 'Biodoesel production from Jatropha curcas: A review', Scientific Research and Essays, Vol. 5, pp.1796-1808.
64. Peterson, C.L. (1986) 'Vegetable oil as a diesel fuel: Status and research priorities', Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 29, pp.1413-1422.
65. Peterson, C.L. and Reece, D.L. (1996) Emissions Testing with Blends of Esters of Rapeseed Oil Fuel with and Without Catalytic Converter, SAE Paper, No. 961114.
66. Pinto, A.C., Guarieiro, L.L.N., Rezende, J.C. Ribeiro, N.M. Torres, E.A., Lopes, W.A., de Pereira, P.A and de Andrade, J.B. (2005) 'Biodiesel: An overview', Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, Vol. 16, pp.1313-1330. (Pubitemid 43104509)
67. Pradeep, V. and Sharma R.P. (2007) 'Use of HOT EGR for NOx control in a compression ignition engine fuelled with bio-diesel from Jatropha oil', Renewable Energy, Vol. 32, pp.1136-1154. (Pubitemid 44828492)
68. Pryde, E.H. (1982) 'Fatty esters from vegetable oils for use as a diesel fuel', Proceedings of the International Conference on Plant and Vegetable Oils as Fuel, ND, pp.123-126.
69. Puppan, D. (2002) 'Environmental evaluation of biofuels', Periodica Polytechnica Series Social and Management Sciences, Vol. 10, pp.95-116. (Pubitemid 35170535)
70. Rakopoulos, C.D., Hountalas, D.T., Zannis, T.C. and Levendis, Y.A. (2004) Operational and Environmental Evaluation of Diesel Engines Burning Oxygen-Enriched Fuels: A Review, SAE Paper, No. 2004-01-2924.
71. Ramos, M.J., Fernández, C.M., Casas, A., Rodríguez, L. and Pérez, A. (2009) 'Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties', Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100, pp.261-268.
72. Reijnders, L. (2006) 'Conditions for the sustainability of biomass based fuel use', Energy Policy, Vol. 34, pp.863-876. (Pubitemid 43141632)
73. Roskilly, A.P., Nanda, S.K., Wang, Y.D. and Chirkowski, J. (2008) 'The performance and the gaseous of two small marine craft diesel engines fuelled with biodiesel', Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 28, pp.872-880. (Pubitemid 351312707)
74. Sarin, R., Sharma, M., Sinharay, S. and Malhotra, R.K. (2007) 'Jatropha-Palm biodiesel blends: An optimum mix for Asia', Fuel, Vol. 86, pp.1365-1371. (Pubitemid 46574605)
75. Schinas, P., Karavalakis, G., Davaris, C., Anastopoulos, G., Karonis, D., Zannikos, F., Stournas, S. and Lois, E. (2009) 'Seed oil as an alternative feedstock for the production of biodiesel in Greece', Biomass Bioenergy, Vol. 33, pp.44-49.
76. Schmidt, K. and Van Gerpen J.H. (1996) The Effect of Biodiesel Fuel Composition on Diesel Combustion and Emissions, SAE Paper, No. 961086.
77. Sheehan, J.V., Camobreco, J., Duffield, M., Graboski, M. and Shapouri, H. (1998a) 'An overview of biodiesel and petroleum diesel life cycles', A Report by US Department of Agriculture and Energy, pp.1-35.
78. Sheehan, J. V., Camobreco, J., Duffield, M., Graboski, M. and Shapouri, H. (1998b) 'Life cycle inventory of biodiesel and petroleum diesel for use in an urban bus', National Renewable Energy Laboratory Report, NREL/SR-580-24089.
79. Shi, X., Yu, Y., He, H., Shuai, S., Wang, J. and Li, R. (2005) 'Emission characteristics using methyl soyate-ethanol-diesel fuel blends on a diesel engine', Fuel, Vol. 84, pp.1543-1549.
80. Shumaker, G.A., McKiossick, J., Ferland, C. and Doherty, B. (2003) A Study on the Feasibility of Biodiesel Production in Georgia, Available at http://www.agecon.uga.edu/^caed/biodieselrpt.pdf
81. Sison, K., Ladommatos, N., Song, H. and Zhao, H. (2007) 'Soot generation of diesel fuels with substantial amounts of oxygen-bearing compounds added', Fuel, Vol. 86, pp.345-352. (Pubitemid 44666826)
82. Song, J., Zello, V. and Boehman, J.H. (2004) 'Comparison of the impact of intake oxygen enriched and fuel oxygenation on diesel combustion emissions', Energy Fuels, Vol. 18, pp.1282-1290.
83. Türe, S., Uzun, D. and Ture, I.E. (1997) 'The potential use of sweet sorghum as a non-polluting source of energy', Energy, Vol. 22, pp.17-19. (Pubitemid 27235609)
84. Um, B.H. and Kim, Y.S. (2009) 'Review: A chance for Korea to advance algal-biodiesel technology', Journal of Industrial Engineering and Chemistry, Vol. 15, pp.1-7.
85. Wang, W.G., Lyons, D.W., Clark, N.N., Goutam, M. and Norton, P.M. (2003) 'Emissions from nine heavy trucks fuelled by diesel and biodiesel blend without engine modifications', Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 34, pp.933-939. (Pubitemid 30155193)
86. Wardle, D.A. (2003) 'Global sale of green air travel supported using biodiesel', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 7, pp.1-64.
87. Yusuf, C. (2007) 'Biodiesel from microalgae', Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 25, pp.294-306.
88. Zaher, F. (2003) 'Utilization of used frying oil as diesel engine fuel', Energy Sources, Vol. 25, pp.819-826. (Pubitemid 41747243)