Long-term impact of multifactorial treatment on new-onset diabetes and related cardiovascular events in metabolic syndrome: A post hoc ATTEMPT analysis

Angiology

Volumn 63, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 358-366

  Athyros, Vassilios G ^a   Elisaf, Moses S ^b   Alexandrides, Theodore ^c   Achimastos, Apostolos ^d   Ganotakis, Emmanouel ^e   Bilianou, Eleni ^f   Karagiannis, Asterios ^a   Liberopoulos, Evangelos N ^b   Tziomalos, Konstantinos ^a   Mikhailidis, Dimitri P ^g  

^a ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA   (Greece)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS   (Greece)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CRETE   (Greece)

^f TZANEIO GENERAL HOSPITAL OF PIRAEUS   (Greece)

^g ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

atorvastatin; cardiovascular disease risk; metabolic syndrome; multifactorial treatment; new onset diabetes

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ATORVASTATIN; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; METFORMIN; TETRAHYDROLIPSTATIN;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DYSLIPIDEMIA; FOLLOW UP; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; LIFESTYLE; LONG TERM SURVIVAL; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NEW ONSET DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POST HOC ANALYSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); TREATMENT OUTCOME; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;

AGED; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; DIABETES MELLITUS; GREECE; HEPTANOIC ACIDS; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; INCIDENCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PYRROLES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84861869259     PISSN: 00033197     EISSN: 19401574     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0003319711421341     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Eberly LE, Cohen JD, Prineas R, Yang L. Impact of incident diabetes and incident nonfatal cardiovascular disease on 18-year mortality: the multiple risk factor intervention trial experience. Diabetes Care. 2003 ; 26 (3). 848-854
2. Smith NL, Barzilay JI, Kronmal R, Lumley T, Enquobahrie D, Psaty BM.. New-onset diabetes and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: the cardiovascular health study. Diabetes Care. 2006 ; 29 (9). 2012-2017
3. Verdecchia P, Reboldi G, Angeli F, et al. Adverse prognostic significance of new diabetes in treated hypertensive subjects. Hypertension. 2004 ; 43 (5). 963-969
4. Aksnes TA, Kjeldsen SE, Rostrup M, Omvik P, Hua TA, Julius S.. Impact of new-onset diabetes mellitus on cardiac outcomes in the Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation (VALUE) trial population. Hypertension. 2007 ; 50 (3). 467-473
5. Bonora E, Kiechl S, Willeit J, et al. Bruneck study. Population-based incidence rates and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in white individuals: the Bruneck study. Diabetes. 2004 ; 53 (7). 1782-1789
6. Valdés S, Botas P, Delgado E, Alvarez F, Cadórniga FD.. Population-based incidence of type 2 diabetes in northern Spain: the Asturias study. Diabetes Care. 2007 ; 30 (9). 2258-2263
7. Mozaffarian D, Marfisi R, Levantesi G, et al. Incidence of new-onset diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in patients with recent myocardial infarction and the effect of clinical and lifestyle risk factors. Lancet. 2007 ; 370 (9588). 667-675
8. Mancia G, Bombelli M, Facchetti R, et al. Long-term risk of diabetes, hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy associated with the metabolic syndrome in a general population. J Hypertens. 2008 ; 26 (8). 1602-1611
9. Athyros VG, Karagiannis A, Hatzitolios AI, et al. Standardized arrangement for a guideline-driven treatment of the metabolic syndrome: the SAGE-METS study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009 ; 25 (4). 971-980
10. Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP, Papageorgiou AA, et al. Targeting vascular risk in patients with metabolic syndrome but without diabetes. Metabolism. 2005 ; 54 (8). 1065-1074
11. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet. 2005 ; 366 (9493). 1267-1278
12. Sattar N, Preiss D, Murray HM, et al. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials. Lancet. 2010 ; 375 (9716). 735-742
13. Athyros VG, Ganotakis E, Kolovou G, et al. Assessing The Treatment Effect in Metabolic syndrome without Perceptible diabeTes (ATTEMPT). A prospective-randomized study in middle aged men and women. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2011 ; 9 (6). 647-657
14. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American heart association/national heart, lung, and blood institute scientific statement. Circulation. 2005 ; 112 (17). 2735-2752
15. Athyros VG, Ganotakis ES, Tziomalos K, et al. Comparison of four definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a Greek (Mediterranean) population. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010 ; 26 (3). 713-719
16. Athyros VG, Ganotakis ES, Elisaf MS, Liberopoulos EN, Goudevenos IA, Karagiannis A. Prevalence of vascular disease in metabolic syndrome using three proposed definitions. Int J Cardiol. 2007 ; 117 (2). 204-210
17. Executive summary: standards of medical care in diabetes-2011. Current criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011 ; 34 (suppl 1). S4 - S10
18. Peters AL, Davidson MB, Schriger DL, Hasselblad V.. A clinical approach for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: an analysis using glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Meta-analysis research group on the diagnosis of diabetes using glycated hemoglobin levels. JAMA. 1996 ; 276 (15). 1246-1252
19. Chimonas T, Karagiannis A, Athyros VG, Achimastos A, Elisaf M, Panagiotakos DB. Blood pressure levels constitute the most important determinant of the metabolic syndrome in a Mediterranean population: a discrimination analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2010 ; 8 (6). 523-529
20. Chimonas T, Athyros VG, Ganotakis E, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and estimated 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular events using various equations in Greeks with metabolic syndrome. Angiology. 2010 ; 61 (1). 49-57
21. Farsang C, Athyros V, Gaw A.. ACTFAST-2 investigators and steering committee members. A multicentre, open study to assess the effect of individualizing starting doses of atorvastatin according to baseline LDL-C levels on achieving cholesterol targets: the Achieve Cholesterol Targets Fast with Atorvastatin stratified Titration (ACTFAST-2) study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007 ; 23 (8). 1945-1956
22. Elisaf MS, Nikas N.. Centralized Pan-European survey on the undertreatment of hypercholesterolemia in patients using lipid lowering drugs-the CEPHEUS-Greece survey. Angiology. 2010 ; 61 (5). 465-474
23. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002 ; 346 (6). 393-403
24. Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001 ; 344 (18). 1343-1350
25. Herman WH, Hoerger TJ, Brandle M, et al. for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance. Ann Intern Med. 2005 ; 142 (5). 323-332
26. Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP.. Preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus: room for residual risk reduction after lifestyle changes?. Curr Pharm Des. 2010 ; 16 (34). 3939-3847
27. Kotseva K, Wood D, DeBacker G, DeBacquer D, Pyörälä K, Keil U. Cardiovascular prevention guidelines in daily practice: a comparison of EUROASPIRE I, II, and III surveys in eight European countries. Lancet. 2009 ; 373 (9667). 929-940
28. Orchard TJ, Temprosa M, Goldberg R, et al. for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: the diabetes prevention program randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005 ; 142 (8). 611-619
29. Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, et al. Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. N Engl J Med. 2001 ; 345 (11). 790-797
30. Chockalingam A, Linden MA, Del Rosario M, Govindarajan G, Dellsperger KC, Thomas TR.. Exercise and weight loss improve exercise capacity independent of cardiac function in metabolic syndrome. Angiology. 2010 ; 61 (2). 192-197
31. Sasmaz H, Yilmaz MB.. Coronary collaterals in obese patients: impact of metabolic syndrome. Angiology. 2009 ; 60 (2). 164-168
32. Rydén A, Sullivan M, Torgerson JS, Karlsson J, Lindroos AK, Taft C.. A comparative controlled study of personality in severe obesity: a 2-y follow-up after intervention. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 ; 28 (11). 1485-1493
33. Torgerson JS, Hauptman J, Boldrin MN, Sjöström L.. XENical in the prevention of Diabetes in Obese Subjects (XENDOS) study. A randomized study of orlistat as an adjunct to lifestyle changes for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese patients. Diabetes Care. 2004 ; 27 (1). 155-161
34. Miles JM, Leiter L, Hollander P, et al. Effect of orlistat in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. Diabetes Care. 2002 ; 25 (7). 1123-1128
35. Gress TW, Nieto FJ, Shahar E, Wofford MR, Brancati FL.. Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis risk in communities study. N Engl J Med. 2000 ; 342 (13). 905-912
36. Alderman MH.. New onset diabetes during antihypertensive therapy. Am J Hypertens. 2008 ; 21 (5). 493-499
37. Elliott WJ, Meyer PM.. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2007 ; 369 (9557). 201-207
38. Scheen AJ.. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus through inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. Drugs. 2004 ; 64 (22). 2537-2565
39. Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP, Kakafika AI, Tziomalos K, Athyros VG.. Atenolol. Differences in mode of action compared with other antihypertensives. An opportunity to identify features that influence outcome?. Curr Pharm Des. 2007 ; 13 (2). 229-239
40. Karagiannis A, Athyros VG, Papageorgiou A, Tziomalos K, Elisaf M.. Should atenolol still be recommended as first-line therapy for primary hypertension?. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2006 ; 47 (5). 298-307
41. Basile JN.. Antihypertensive therapy, new-onset diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Int J Clin Pract. 2009 ; 63 (4). 656-666
42. Karagiannis A, Tziomalos K, Anagnostis P, et al. The effect of antihypertensive agents on insulin sensitivity, lipids and haemostasis. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2010 ; 8 (6). 792-803
43. Iwai M, Horiuchi M.. Role of renin-angiotensin system in adipose tissue dysfunction. Hypertens Res. 2009 ; 32 (6). 425-427
44. Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP, Athyros VG, et al. The role of renin-angiotensin system inhibition in the treatment of hypertension in metabolic syndrome: are all the angiotensin receptor blockers equal?. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2007 ; 11 (2). 191-205
45. Karagiannis A, Tziomalos K, Pagourelias ED, Gossios TD, Athyros VG.. Effect of antihypertensive drug-associated diabetes on cardiovascular risk. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2010 ; 51 (3). 195-199
46. Andraws R, Brown DL.. Effect of inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system on development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (meta-analysis of randomized trials). Am J Cardiol. 2007 ; 99 (7). 1006-1012
47. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med. 2008 ; 359 (21). 2195-2207
48. Coleman CI, Reinhart K, Kluger J, White CM.. The effect of statins on the development of new-onset type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008 ; 24 (5). 1359-1362
49. Liberopoulos EN, Tsouli S, Mikhailidis DP, Elisaf MS.. Preventing type 2 diabetes in high risk patients: an overview of lifestyle and pharmacological measures. Curr Drug Targets. 2006 ; 7 (2). 211-228
50. Freeman DJ, Norrie J, Sattar N, et al. Pravastatin and the development of diabetes mellitus: evidence for a protective treatment effect in the West of Scotland coronary prevention study. Circulation. 2001 ; 103 (3). 357-362
51. Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, Sleigh P, Peto R. MRC/BHF heart protection study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2003 ; 361 (9374). 2005-2016
52. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR, et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003 ; 361 (9364). 1149-1158
53. Rajpathak SN, Kumbhani DJ, Crandall J, Barzilai N, Alderman M, Ridker PM.. Statin therapy and risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2009 ; 32 (10). 1924-1929
54. Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP.. Lipid-lowering agents and new onset diabetes mellitus. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010 ; 11 (12). 1965-1970
55. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002 ; 360 (9346). 1623-1630
56. Daskalopoulou SS, Mikhailidis DP, Elisaf M.. Prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Angiology. 2004 ; 55 (6). 589-612
57. Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Gossios TD, et al. Safety and efficacy of long-term statin treatment for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and abnormal liver tests in the Greek Atorvastatin and Coronary Heart Disease Evaluation (GREACE) Study: a post-hoc analysis. Lancet. 2010 ; 376 (9756). 1916-1922