Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) of rock glaciers in the Schöderkogel-Eisenhut area, Schladminger Tauern Range, Austria

Holocene

Volumn 22, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 761-771

  Rode, Matthias ^a   Kellerer Pirklbauer, Andreas ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

^b GRAZ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

Author keywords

Austria; Holocene; Lateglacial; relative age dating; rock glacier formation; Schmidt hammer exposure age dating (SHD)

Indexed keywords

DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; HOLOCENE; LATE GLACIAL; RADIOCARBON DATING; ROCK GLACIER; ROCKFALL; TRANSECT; WEATHERING RATE;

AUSTRIA;

EID: 84861756442     PISSN: 09596836     EISSN: 14770911     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0959683611430410     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Anderson E,Harrison S,Passmore DG, et al.Evidence of Younger Dryas glaciation in the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, southwest Ireland.Quaternary Proceedings. 1998;6:75-90.
2. Aoyama M.Rock glaciers in the northern Japanese Alps: Palaeoenvironmental implications since the Late Glacial.Journal of Quaternary Science. 2005;20:471-484.
3. Ballantyne CK.Periglacial trimlines in the Scottish Highlands.Quaternary International. 1997;38/39:199-136.
4. Ballantyne CK,Black NM,Finlay DP.Enhanced boulder weathering under late-lying snow patches.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 1989;15:467-469.
5. Barsch DRockglaciers - Indicators for the Present and Former Geoecology in High Mountain Environments. Berlin: Springer; 1996:.
6. Boelhouwers JC,Jager DF,Joode A.Application of relative-age dating methods to openwork debris flow deposits in the Cederberg Mountains, Western Cape, South Africa.South African Geographical Journal. 1999;8 (3): 135-142.
7. Day MJ,Goudie AS.Field assessment of rock hardness using the Schmidt hammer.British Geomorphological Research Group, Technical Bulletin. 1977;18:19-29.
8. Ericson K.Geomorphological surfaces of different age and origin in granite landscape: An evaluation of the Schmidt hammer test.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2004;29:495-509.
9. Evans DJA,Archer S,Wilson D.A comparison of the lichenometric and Schmidt hammer dating techniques based on data from the proglacial areas of some Icelandic glaciers.Quaternary Science Reviews. 1999;18:13-41.
10. Fabiani E.Morphologische Studien in den südlichen Niederen Tauern mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Spätglazials.Arbeiten Geographisches Institut der Universität Graz. 1969;11:1-100.
11. Frauenfelder R,Laustela M,Kääb A.Relative dating of Alpine rockglacier surfaces.Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie. 2005;49:145-166.
12. Goudie AS.The Schmidt-Hammer in geomorphological research.Progress in Physical Geography. 2006;30 (6): 703-718.
13. Gruber S,Hoelzle M.The cooling effect of coarse blocks revisited: A modeling study of a purely conductive mechanism. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost; Fairbanks;. 557.
14. Haeberli W.Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung von Permafrost zwischen Flüelapaß und Piz Grialetsch (Graubünden).Mitteilungen der Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie. 1975;17:221.
15. Haeberli W,Brandovà D,Burga C, et al.Methods for absolute and relative age dating of rock-glacier surface in alpine permafrost. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Permafrost; 2003Zurich, Switzerland; 2003. 343.
16. Ivy-Ochs S,Kerschner H,Maisch M, et al.Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier variations in the European Alps.Quaternary Science Reviews. 2009;28:2137-2149.
17. Ivy-Ochs S,Kerschner H,Reuther A, et al.Chronology of the last glacial cycle in the European Alps.Journal of Quaternary Science. 2008;23:559-573.
18. Kääb ARemote Sensing of Mountain Glaciers and Permafrost Creep. University of Zurich:; 2005:.
19. Kaufmann V,Ladstädter R,Kienast G.10 years of monitoring of the Doesen rock glacier (Ankogel group, Austria) - A review of the research activities for the time period 1995-2005. Proceedings of the Fifth Mountain Cartography Workshop; 2007Bohinj, Slovenia; 2007. 129.
20. Kellerer-Pirklbauer A.Alpine permafrost occurrence at its spatial limits: First results from the eastern margin of the European Alps.Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography. 2005;59:184-193.
21. Kellerer-Pirklbauer A.The Schmidt-hammer as a relative age dating tool for rock glacier surfaces: Examples from northern and central Europe. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost; Fairbanks;. 913.
22. Kellerer-PirklbauerA (2008b) Aspects of glacial, paraglacial and periglacial processes and landforms of the Tauern Range, Austria. PhD-Thesis, University of Graz, 200 pp.
23. Kellerer-Pirklbauer A,Kühnast B.Permafrost at its limits: The most easterly evidence of existing permafrost in the European Alps as indicated by ground temperature and geoelectrical measurements.Geophysical Research Abstracts. 2009;11:EGU2009-2779.
24. Kellerer-Pirklbauer A,Lieb GK,Kleinferchner H.A new rock glacier inventory at the eastern margin of the European Alps.Geophysical Research Abstracts. 2010;12:EGU2010-13110.
25. Kellerer-Pirklbauer A,Wangensteen B,Farbrot H, et al.Relative surface age-dating of rock glacier systems near Hólar in Hjaltadalur, northern Iceland.Journal of Quaternary Science. 2008;23:137-151.
26. Kerschner H,Ivy-Ochs S.Palaeoclimate from glaciers: Examples from the Eastern Alps during the Alpine Lateglacial and early Holocene.Global and Planetary Change. 2007;60 (1-2): 58-71.
27. Laustela M,Egli M,Frauenfelder R, et al.Weathering rind measurements and relative age dating of rock-glacier surfaces in crystalline regions of the Swiss Alps. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Permafrost; Zurich, Switzerland;. 627.
28. Lazar R,Lieb GK,Pirker D, et al.Physisch-geographische Untersuchungen im hinteren Eselsberggraben (Wölzer Tauern, Steiermark).Mitteilungen naturwissenschaftlicher Verein der Steiermark. 1988;119:41-58.
29. Lieb GK.Zur spätglazialen Gletscher- und Blockgletschergeschichte im Vergleich zwischen den Hohen und Niederen Tauern.Mitteilungen Österreichische Geographische Gesellschaft. 1987;129:5-27.
30. Lieb GK.Permafrost und Blockgletscher in den Österreichischen Alpen. Beiträge zur Permafrostforschung in Österreich.Grazer Schriften der Geographie und Raumforschung. 1996;33:9-125.
31. Lieb GK,Kellerer-Pirklbauer A,Kleinferchner HRock glacier inventory of central and eastern Austria compiled within the Project PermaNET. Graz: Department of Geography and Regional Science; 2010:.
32. McCarroll D.Potential and limitations of the Schmidt hammer for relative dating. Field tests on Neoglacial moraines, Jotunheimen, southern Norway.Artic and Alpine Research. 1989;21:268-275.
33. Matthews JA,Owen G.Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating: Developing linear age-calibration curves using Holocene bedrock surfaces from the Jotunheimen-Jostedalsbreen regions of southern Norway.Boreas. 2011;39 (1): 105-115.
34. Matthews JA,Shakesby RA.The status of the 'Little Ice Age' in southern Norway: Relative-dating of Neoglacial moraines with Schmidt hammer and lichenometry.Boreas. 1984;13:333-346.
35. Matthews JA,Shakesby RA.A twentieth-century neoparaglacial rock topple on a glacier foreland, Ötztal Alps, Austria.The Holocene. 2004;14:454-458.
36. Matthews JA,Winkler S.Schmidt-hammer exposure age dating (SHD): Application to early-Holocene moraines and a reappraisal of the reliability of terrestrial cosmogenic-nuclide dating (TCND) at Austanbotnbreen, Jotunheimen, Norway.Boreas. 2011;40 (2): 256-270.
37. Metz K.Der geologische Bau der Wölzer Tauern.Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins der Steiermark. 1976;106:51-75.
38. Nagl H.Die Raum-Zeit-Verteilung der Blockgletscher in den Niederen Tauern und die eizeitliche Vergletscherung der Seckauer Tauern.Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins der Steiermark. 1976;106:95-118.
39. Nesje A,Blikra LH,Anda E.Dating rockfallavalanche deposits from degree of rock-surface weathering by Schmidt-hammer tests: A study from Norangsdalen, Sunnm¢re, Norway.Norwegian Journal of Geology. 1994;74 (2): 108-113.
40. RodeM (2009) Morphodynamic studies at the Schoederkogel - Zwieflerlakes area, in the Schladminger Tauern Mountains. Master Thesis, University of Graz, 141 pp.
41. Rode M,Kellerer-Pirklbauer A.Macrofabric-Analysen auf Blockgletschern im Gebiet Schöderkogel-Zwieflerseen, Schladminger Tauern (Steiermark).Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines für Steiermark. 2009;139:67-81.
42. Rune A,Sjåstad JA.Schmidt-hammer age evaluation of the moraine sequence in front of Bøyabreen, western Norway.Norwegian Journal of Geology. 2000;80 (1): 27-32.
43. Sapusek W,Suette GGraz: Federal Government of Styria; 1987:.
44. Selby MJ.A rock mass strength classification for geomorphic purposes: With test from Antarctica and New Zealand.Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie. 1980;24:31-51.
45. Shakesby RA,Matthews JA,Karlen W, et al.The Schmidt hammer as a Holocene calibrated-age dating technique: Testing the form of the R-value-age relationship and defining the predicted-age errors.The Holocene. 2011;21 (4): 615-628.
46. Shakesby RA,Matthews JA,Owen G.The Schmidt-hammer as a relative-age dating tool and its potential for calibrated-age dating in Holocene glaciated environments.Quaternary Science Reviews. 2006;25:2846-2867.
47. Thurner AGeological map of Austria 1:50.000, GK sheets 158-159 'Stadl-Murau'. Geological Survey of Austria; 1958:.
48. Untersweg TDie wasserwirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Blockgletscher in den Niederen Tauern. Graz: Joanneum Research; 2000:127.
49. Williams RBG,Robinson DA.The effects of surface texture on the determination of the surface hardness of rock using the Schmidt hammer.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 1983;8:289-292.
50. Winkler S.The 'Little Ice Age' maximum in the Southern Alps, New Zealand: Preliminary results at Mueller Glacier.The Holocene. 2000;10:643-647.
51. Winkler S.The 'Schmidt hammer' as a relative-age dating technique: Potential and limitations of its application on Holocene moraines in Mt Cook National Park, Southern Alps, New Zealand.New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 2005;48:105-116.
52. Winkler S.First attempt to combine terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (10Be) and Schmidt hammer relative-age dating: Strauchon Glacier, Southern Alps, New Zealand.Central European Journal of Geosciences. 2009;1:274-290.
53. Winkler S,Shakesby RA.Anwendung von Lichenometrie und Schmidt-hammer zur relativen Altersdatierung prä-frührezenter Moränen am Beispiel der Vorfelder von Guslar-, Mitterkar-, Rofenkar- und Vernagtferner (Ötztaler Alpen/Österreich).Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen. 1995;139:283-304.