Nutritional Screening Tools as Predictors of Mortality, Functional Decline, and Move to Higher Level Care in Older People: A Systematic Review

Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 97-145

  Dent, Elsa ^a   Visvanathan, Renuka ^a   Piantadosi, Cynthia ^a   Chapman, Ian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

Author keywords

aged; functional decline; malnutrition; mortality; nutritional screening tools; nutritional status; older persons; residential care; sensitivity; specificity; systematic review

Indexed keywords

AGED; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; FEMALE; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MORTALITY; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PATIENT CARE PLANNING; REVIEW;

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; AGED, 80 AND OVER; FEMALE; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MORTALITY; NUTRITION ASSESSMENT; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PATIENT CARE PLANNING;

EID: 84861591460     PISSN: 21551197     EISSN: 21551200     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2012.678214     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Donini LM, Savina C, Rosano A, De Felice MR, Tassi L, et al. MNA predictive value in the follow-up of geriatric patients. J Nutr Health Aging. 2003; 7 (5): 282-93.
2. Gazzotti C, Albert A, Pepinster A, Petermans J. Clinical usefulness of the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) scale in geriatric medicine. J Nutr Health Aging. 2000; 4 (3): 176-81.
3. Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Ramsch C, Uter W, Guigoz Y, et al. Validation of the Mini Nutritional Assessment short-form (MNA-SF): a practical tool for identification of nutritional status. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009; 13 (9): 782-8.
4. Lok K, Woo J, Hui E, Kwok T. Usefulness of the Chinese Nutrition Screening (CNS) tool in predicting 12 month mortality in elderly Hong Kong Chinese living in institutions. J Nutr Health Aging.2009; 13(2):96-101.
5. Chan M, Lim Y. P, Ernest A, Tan T. L. Nutritional assessment in an Asian nursing home and its association with mortality. J Nutr Health Aging. 2010; 14 (1): 23-8.
6. Kagansky N, Berner Y, Koren-Morag N, Perelman L, Knobler H, Levy S. Poor nutritional habits are predictors of poor outcome in very old hospitalized patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 82 (4): 784-91; quiz 913-4.
7. Ruiz-Lopez MD, Artacho R, Oliva P, Moreno-Torres R, Bolanos J, et al. Nutritional risk in institutionalized older women determined by the Mini Nutritional Assessment test: what are the main factors? Nutrition. 2003; 19 (9): 767-71.
8. Wojszel ZB. Determinants of nutritional status of older people in long-term care settings on the example of the nursing home in Bialystok. Adv Med Sci. 2006; 51: 168-73.
9. Suominen M, Muurinen S, Routasalo P, Soini H, Suur-Uski I, et al. Malnutrition and associated factors among aged residents in all nursing homes in Helsinki. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005; 59 (4): 578-83.
10. Oliveira MR, Fogaca KC, Leandro-Merhi VA. Nutritional status and functional capacity of hospitalized elderly. Nutr J. 2009; 8: 54.
11. Ferdous T, Cederholm T, Razzaque A, Wahlin A, Nahar Kabir Z. Nutritional status and self-reported and performance-based evaluation of physical function of elderly persons in rural Bangladesh. Scand J Public Health. 2009; 37 (5): 518-24.
12. Bowling A, Banister D, Sutton S, Evans O, Windsor J. A multidimensional model of the quality of life in older age. Aging Ment Health. 2002; 6 (4): 355-71.
13. Bowling A, Gabriel Z, Dykes J, Dowding LM, Evans O, et al. Let's ask them: a national survey of definitions of quality of life and its enhancement among people aged 65 and over. Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2003; 56 (4): 269-306.
14. Lawson J. Public Health Australia: An Introduction. Sydney: McGraw-Hill; 1998.
15. Bales CW, Ritchie CS. Sarcopenia, weight loss, and nutritional frailty in the elderly. Annu Rev Nutr. 2002; 22: 309-23.
16. Chen CC, Wang C, Huang GH. Functional trajectory 6 months posthospitalization: a cohort study of older hospitalized patients in Taiwan Nurs Res. 2008; 57(2):93-100.
17. Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index. Md State Med J. 1965; 14: 61-5.
18. Katz S, Stroud MW. 3rd. Functional assessment in geriatrics. A review of progress and directions. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1989; 37 (3): 267-71.
19. Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist. 1969; 9 (3): 179-86.
20. De Saint-Hubert M, Schoevaerdts D, Cornette P, D'Hoore W, Boland B, Swine C. Predicting functional adverse outcomes in hospitalized older patients: a systematic review of screening tools. J Nutr Health Aging. 2010; 14 (5): 394-9.
21. Zisberg A, Shadmi E, Sinoff G, Gur-Yaish N, Srulovici E, Admi H. Low mobility during hospitalization and functional decline in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011; 59 (2): 266-73.
22. Boyd CM, Ricks M, Fried LP, Guralnik JM, Xue QL, et al. Functional decline and recovery of activities of daily living in hospitalized, disabled older women: the Women's Health and Aging Study I. J Am Geriatr Soc.2009; 57(10):1757-66.
23. Sager MA, Franke T, Inouye SK, Landefeld CS, Morgan TM, et al. Functional outcomes of acute medical illness and hospitalization in older persons. Arch Intern Med. 1996; 156 (6): 645-52.
24. Gill TM, Allore HG, Gahbauer EA, Murphy TE. Change in disability after hospitalization or restricted activity in older persons. JAMA. 2010; 304 (17): 1919-28.
25. Mitnitski AB, Mogilner AJ, MacKnight C, Rockwood K. The mortality rate as a function of accumulated deficits in a frailty index. Mech Ageing Dev. 2002; 123 (11): 1457-60.
26. Hoogerduijn JG, Schuurmans MJ, Duijnstee MS, de Rooij SE, Grypdonck MF. A systematic review of predictors and screening instruments to identify older hospitalized patients at risk for functional decline. J Clin Nurs. 2007; 16 (1): 46-57.
27. McCusker J, Kakuma R, Abrahamowicz M. Predictors of functional decline in hospitalized elderly patients: a systematic review. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002; 57 (9): M569-77.
28. Stuck AE, Walthert JM, Nikolaus T, Bula CJ, Hohmann C, Beck JC. Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: a systematic literature review. Soc Sci Med. 1999; 48 (4): 445-69.
29. Vermeulen J, Neyens JC, van Rossum E, Spreeuwenberg MD, de Witte LP. Predicting ADL disability in community-dwelling elderly people using physical frailty indicators: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2011; 11: 33.
30. Sutton M, Grimmer-Somers K, Jeffries L. Screening tools to identify hospitalised elderly patients at risk of functional decline: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pract. 2008; 62 (12): 1900-9.
31. Satish S, Winograd CH, Chavez C, Bloch DA. Geriatric targeting criteria as predictors of survival and health care utilization. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996; 44 (8): 914-21.
32. Winograd CH, Gerety MB, Chung M, Goldstein MK, Dominguez F, Jr., Vallone R. Screening for frailty: criteria and predictors of outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991; 39 (8): 778-84.
33. Mateev A, Gaspoz JM, Borst F, Waldvogel F, Weber D. Use of a short-form screening procedure to detect unrecognized functional disability in the hospitalized elderly. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998; 51 (4): 309-14.
34. Teitelbaum D, Guenter P, Howell WH, Kochevar ME, Roth J, Seidner DL. Definition of terms, style, and conventions used in A.S.P.E.N. guidelines and standards. Nutr Clin Pract. 2005; 20 (2): 281-5.
35. Guigoz Y, Vellas B, Garry PJ. Assessing the nutritional status of the elderly: The Mini Nutritional Assessment as part of the geriatric evaluation. Nutr Rev. 1996; 54 (1 Pt 2): S59-65.
36. Stratton RJ, Hackston A, Longmore D, Dixon R, Price S, et al. Malnutrition in hospital outpatients and inpatients: prevalence, concurrent validity and ease of use of the "malnutrition universal screening tool" ("MUST") for adults. Br J Nutr. 2004; 92 (5): 799-808.
37. Beck AM HM, Rasmussen HH. Efficacy of the mini nutritional assessment to predict the risk of developing malnutrition or adverse health outcomes for old people. e-SPEN.2008; 3(3):e102-e7.
38. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009; 151 (4): 264-9, W64.
39. Greenhalgh T, Peacock R. Effectiveness and efficiency of search methods in systematic reviews of complex evidence: audit of primary sources. BMJ. 2005; 331 (7524): 1064-5.
40. Green SM, Watson R. Nutritional screening and assessment tools for older adults: literature review. J Adv Nurs. 2006; 54 (4): 477-90.
41. Elia M, Zellipour L, Stratton RJ. To screen or not to screen for adult malnutrition? Clin Nutr. 2005; 24 (6): 867-84.
42. Bewick V, Cheek L, Ball J. Statistics review 13: receiver operating characteristic curves. Crit Care. 2004; 8 (6): 508-12.
43. Guigoz YVB, Garry PJ. Mini Nutritional Assessment: a practical assessment tool for grading the nutritional state of elderly patients. Facts Res Gerontol. 1994; 4 (Suppl 2): 15-59.
44. Rubenstein LZ, Harker JO, Salva A, Guigoz Y, Vellas B. Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short-form mini-nutritional assessment (MNA-SF). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001; 56 (6): M366-72.
45. Bouillanne O, Morineau G, Dupont C, Coulombel I, Vincent JP, et al. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index: a new index for evaluating at-risk elderly medical patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 82 (4): 777-83.
46. McMurtry CT, Rosenthal A. Predictors of 2-year mortality among older male veterans on a geriatric rehabilitation unit. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995; 43 (10): 1123-6.
47. Woo J, Chumlea WC, Sun SS, Kwok T, Lui HH, et al. Development of the Chinese nutrition screen (CNS) for use in institutional settings. J Nutr Health Aging. 2005; 9 (4): 203-10.
48. Reilly HM, Martineau JK, Moran A, Kennedy H. Nutritional screening-evaluation and implementation of a simple Nutrition Risk Score. Clin Nutr. 1995; 14 (5): 269-73.
49. Visvanathan R, Penhall R, Chapman I. Nutritional screening of older people in a sub-acute care facility in Australia and its relation to discharge outcomes. Age Ageing. 2004; 33 (3): 260-5.
50. Tsai AC, Yang SF, Wang JY. Validation of population-specific Mini-Nutritional Assessment with its long-term mortality-predicting ability: results of a population-based longitudinal 4-year study in Taiwan. Br J Nutr. 2010; 104 (1): 93-9.
51. Lee LC, Tsai AC. Mini-Nutritional Assessment predicts functional decline of elderly Taiwanese: result of a population-representative sample. Br J Nutr. 2011; 1-7.
52. Espaulella J, Arnau A, Cubi D, Amblas J, Yanez A. Time-dependent prognostic factors of 6-month mortality in frail elderly patients admitted to post-acute care. Age Ageing. 2007; 36 (4): 407-13.
53. Chang HH, Tsai SL, Chen CY, Liu WJ. Outcomes of hospitalized elderly patients with geriatric syndrome: report of a community hospital reform plan in Taiwan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2010; 50 (Suppl 1): S30-3.
54. Persson MD, Brismar KE, Katzarski KS, Nordenstrom J, Cederholm TE. Nutritional status using mini nutritional assessment and subjective global assessment predict mortality in geriatric patients. J Am Geriatr Soc.2002; 50(12):1996-2002.
55. Van Nes MC, Herrmann FR, Gold G, Michel JP, Rizzoli R. Does the mini nutritional assessment predict hospitalization outcomes in older people? Age Ageing. 2001; 30 (3): 221-6.
56. Vischer UM, Frangos E, Graf C, Gold G, Weiss L, et al. The prognostic significance of malnutrition as assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) in older hospitalized patients with a heavy disease burden. Clin Nutr. 2012; 31 (1): 113-7.
57. Stratton RJ, King CL, Stroud MA, Jackson AA, Elia M. "Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool" predicts mortality and length of hospital stay in acutely ill elderly. Br J Nutr. 2006; 95 (2): 325-30.
58. Sancarlo D, D'Onofrio G, Franceschi M, Scarcelli C, Niro V, et al. Validation of a Modified-Multidimensional Prognostic Index (m-MPI) including the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF) for the prediction of one-year mortality in hospitalized elderly patients. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011; 15 (3): 169-73.
59. Henderson S, Moore N, Lee E, Witham MD. Do the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and Birmingham nutrition risk (BNR) score predict mortality in older hospitalised patients? BMC Geriatr. 2008; 8: 26.
60. Sharifi F, Ghaderpanahi M, Fakhrzadeh H, Mirarefin M, Badamchizadeh Z, et al. Older people's mortality index: development of a practical model for prediction of mortality in nursing homes (Kahrizak Elderly Study). Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2012; 12 (1): 36-45.
61. Kaiser R, Winning K, Uter W, Lesser S, Stehle P, et al. Comparison of two different approaches for the application of the mini nutritional assessment in nursing homes: resident interviews versus assessment by nursing staff. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009; 13 (10): 863-9.
62. Cereda E, Zagami A, Vanotti A, Piffer S, Pedrolli C. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and overall-cause mortality prediction in institutionalised elderly: a 3-year survival analysis. Clin Nutr. 2008; 27 (5): 717-23.
63. Cereda E, Pusani C, Limonta D, Vanotti A. The ability of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index to assess the nutritional status and predict the outcome of home-care resident elderly: a comparison with the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Br J Nutr. 2009; 102 (4): 563-70.
64. Tsai AC, Ku PY. Population-specific Mini Nutritional Assessment effectively predicts the nutritional state and follow-up mortality of institutionalized elderly Taiwanese regardless of cognitive status. Br J Nutr. 2008; 100 (1): 152-8.
65. Beck AM, Ovesen L, Osler M. The "Mini Nutritional Assessment" (MNA) and the "Determine Your Nutritional Health" Checklist (NSI Checklist) as predictors of morbidity and mortality in an elderly Danish population. Br J Nutr. 1999; 81 (1): 31-6.
66. Beck AM, Ovesen L, Schroll M. A six months' prospective follow-up of 65+-y-old patients from general practice classified according to nutritional risk by the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001; 55 (11): 1028-33.
67. Visvanathan R, Macintosh C, Callary M, Penhall R, Horowitz M, Chapman I. The nutritional status of 250 older Australian recipients of domiciliary care services and its association with outcomes at 12 months. J Am Geriatr Soc.2003; 51(7):1007-11.
68. Saletti A, Johansson L, Yifter-Lindgren E, Wissing U, Osterberg K, Cederholm T. Nutritional status and a 3-year follow-up in elderly receiving support at home. Gerontology. 2005; 51 (3): 192-8.
69. Sahyoun NR, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Russell RM. Nutrition Screening Initiative Checklist may be a better awareness/educational tool than a screening one. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997; 97 (7): 760-4.
70. Boult C, Krinke UB, Urdangarin CF, Skarin V. The validity of nutritional status as a marker for future disability and depressive symptoms among high-risk older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999; 47 (8): 995-9.
71. Compan B, di Castri A, Plaze JM, Arnaud-Battandier F. Epidemiological study of malnutrition in elderly patients in acute, sub-acute and long-term care using the MNA. J Nutr Health Aging. 1999; 3 (3): 146-51.
72. Chen YM, Chuang YW, Liao SC, Lin CS, Yang SH, et al. Predictors of functional recovery (FR) for elderly hospitalized patients in a geriatric evaluation and management unit (GEMU) in Taiwan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2010; 50 (Suppl 1): S1-5.
73. Neumann SA, Miller MD, Daniels L, Crotty M. Nutritional status and clinical outcomes of older patients in rehabilitation. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2005; 18 (2): 129-36.
74. Ferrer A, Formiga F, Ruiz D, Mascaro J, Olmedo C, Pujol R. Predictive items of functional decline and 2-year mortality in nonagenarians-the NonaSantfeliu study. Eur J Public Health. 2008; 18 (4): 406-9.
75. Formiga F, Ferrer A, Mascaro J, Ruiz D, Olmedo C, Pujol R. Predictive items of one-year mortality in nonagenarians. The NonaSantfeliu Study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2007; 19 (4): 265-8.
76. Saletti A, Johansson L, Yifter-Lindgren E, Wissing U, Osterberg K, Cederholm T. Nutritional status and a 3-year follow-up in elderly receiving support at home. Gerontology. 2005; 51 (3): 192-8.
77. Salvi F, Giorgi R, Grilli A, Morichi V, Espinosa E, et al. Mini Nutritional Assessment (short form) and functional decline in older patients admitted to an acute medical ward. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2008; 20 (4): 322-8.
78. Johnson JK, Lui LY, Yaffe K. Executive function, more than global cognition, predicts functional decline and mortality in elderly women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007; 62 (10): 1134-41.
79. Andrieu S, Reynish W, Nourhashemi F, Ousset PJ, Grandjean H, et al. Nutritional risk factors for institutional placement in Alzheimer's disease after one year follow-up. J Nutr Health Aging. 2001; 5 (2): 113-7.
80. Rockwood K, Stolee P, McDowell I. Factors associated with institutionalization of older people in Canada: testing a multifactorial definition of frailty. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996; 44 (5): 578-82.
81. Vellas B, Villars H, Abellan G, Soto ME, Rolland Y, et al. Overview of the MNA-its history and challenges. J Nutr Health Aging. 2006; 10 (6): 456-63; discussion 63-5.
82. Bauer JM, Vogl T, Wicklein S, Trogner J, Muhlberg W, Sieber CC. Comparison of the Mini Nutritional Assessment, Subjective Global Assessment, and Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) for nutritional screening and assessment in geriatric hospital patients. Z Gerontol Geriatr.2005; 38(5):322-7.
83. Mirarefin M, Sharifi F, Fakhrzadeh H, Nazari N, Ghaderpanahi M, et al. Predicting the value of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) as an indicator of functional ability in older Iranian adults (Kahrizak elderly study). J Nutr Health Aging. 2011; 15 (3): 175-80.
84. Secher M, Soto ME, Villars H, Abellan van Kan G, Vellas B. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) after 20 years of research and clinical practice. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology. 2000; 17: 293-310.
85. Cereda E, Pedrolli C. The use of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) as a simplified nutritional screening tool. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008; 87 (6): 1966-7; author reply 7.
86. Guigoz Y. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) review of the literature-what does it tell us? J Nutr Health Aging. 2006; 10 (6): 466-85; discussion 85-7.