메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 95, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 1365-1377

Epicatechin ingested via cocoa products reduces blood pressure in humans: A nonlinear regression model with a Bayesian approach

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EPICATECHIN;

EID: 84861559254     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: 19383207     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.029330     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (76)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 77951927068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fact sheet no. 317, September Available from: (cited 2 October 2011)
    • WHO. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fact sheet no. 317, September 2011. Available from: http://wwwwhoint/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/indexhtml (cited 2 October 2011).
    • (2011) Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)
  • 2
    • 33644599022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocoa intake, blood pressure, and cardiovascular mortality: The Zutphen Elderly Study
    • Buijsse B, Feskens EJ, Kok FJ, Kromhout D. Cocoa intake, blood pressure, and cardiovascular mortality: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:411-7.
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med , vol.166 , pp. 411-417
    • Buijsse, B.1    Feskens, E.J.2    Kok, F.J.3    Kromhout, D.4
  • 3
    • 77954271889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chocolate consumption in relation to blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in German adults
    • Buijsse B, Weikert C, Drogan D, Bergmann M, Boeing H. Chocolate consumption in relation to blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in German adults. Eur Heart J 2010;31:1616-23.
    • (2010) Eur Heart J , vol.31 , pp. 1616-1623
    • Buijsse, B.1    Weikert, C.2    Drogan, D.3    Bergmann, M.4    Boeing, H.5
  • 4
    • 77957902055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chocolate intake and incidence of heart failure: A population-based prospective study of middle-aged and elderly women
    • Mostofsky E, Levitan EB, Wolk A, Mittleman MA. Chocolate intake and incidence of heart failure: a population-based prospective study of middle-aged and elderly women. Circ Heart Fail 2010;3:612-6.
    • (2010) Circ Heart Fail , vol.3 , pp. 612-616
    • Mostofsky, E.1    Levitan, E.B.2    Wolk, A.3    Mittleman, M.A.4
  • 5
    • 33846661267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does flavanol intake influence mortality from nitric oxide-dependent processes? Ischemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and cancer in Panama
    • Bayard V, Chamorro F, Motta J, Hollenberg NK. Does flavanol intake influence mortality from nitric oxide-dependent processes? Ischemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and cancer in Panama. Int J Med Sci 2007;4:53-8. (Pubitemid 46193047)
    • (2007) International Journal of Medical Sciences , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-58
    • Bayard, V.1    Chamorro, F.2    Motta, J.3    Hollenberg, N.K.4
  • 9
    • 78651249150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stereochemical configuration of flavanols influences the level and metabolism of flavanols in humans and their biological activity in vivo
    • Ottaviani JI, Momma TY, Heiss C, Kwik-Uribe C, Schroeter H, Keen CL. The stereochemical configuration of flavanols influences the level and metabolism of flavanols in humans and their biological activity in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2011;50:237-44.
    • (2011) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.50 , pp. 237-244
    • Ottaviani, J.I.1    Momma, T.Y.2    Heiss, C.3    Kwik-Uribe, C.4    Schroeter, H.5    Keen, C.L.6
  • 12
    • 53849146739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pure dietary flavonoids quercetin and (-)-epicatechin augment nitric oxide products and reduce endothelin-1 acutely in healthy men
    • Loke WM, Hodgson JM, Proudfoot JM, McKinley AJ, Puddey IB, Croft KD. Pure dietary flavonoids quercetin and (-)-epicatechin augment nitric oxide products and reduce endothelin-1 acutely in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:1018-25.
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.88 , pp. 1018-1025
    • Loke, W.M.1    Hodgson, J.M.2    Proudfoot, J.M.3    McKinley, A.J.4    Puddey, I.B.5    Croft, K.D.6
  • 13
    • 34247223104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cocoa and tea intake on blood pressure: A meta-analysis
    • DOI 10.1001/archinte.167.7.626
    • Taubert D, Roesen R, Schomig E. Effect of cocoa and tea intake on blood pressure: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:626-34. (Pubitemid 46603652)
    • (2007) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.167 , Issue.7 , pp. 626-634
    • Taubert, D.1    Roesen, R.2    Schomig, E.3
  • 18
    • 77956170800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and cardiovascular risk: What about cocoa and chocolate?
    • Grassi D, Desideri G, Ferri C. Blood pressure and cardiovascular risk: what about cocoa and chocolate? Arch Biochem Biophys 2010;501:112-5.
    • (2010) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.501 , pp. 112-115
    • Grassi, D.1    Desideri, G.2    Ferri, C.3
  • 19
    • 0036848525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocoa procyanidin chain length does not determine ability to protect LDL from oxidation when monomer units are controlled
    • DOI 10.1016/S0955-2863(02)00215-2, PII S0955286302002152
    • Steinberg FM, Holt RR, Schmitz HH, Keen CL. Cocoa procyanidin chain length does not determine ability to protect LDL from oxidation when monomer units are controlled. J Nutr Biochem 2002;13:645-52. (Pubitemid 35341710)
    • (2002) Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry , vol.13 , Issue.11 , pp. 645-652
    • Steinberg, F.M.1    Holt, R.R.2    Schmitz, H.H.3    Keen, C.L.4
  • 20
    • 41549088476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily consumption of a dark chocolate containing flavanols and added sterol esters affects cardiovascular risk factors in a normotensive population with elevated cholesterol
    • Allen RR, Carson L, Kwik-Uribe C, Evans EM, Erdman JW Jr. Daily consumption of a dark chocolate containing flavanols and added sterol esters affects cardiovascular risk factors in a normotensive population with elevated cholesterol. J Nutr 2008;138:725-31. (Pubitemid 351469416)
    • (2008) Journal of Nutrition , vol.138 , Issue.4 , pp. 725-731
    • Allen, R.R.1    Carson, L.2    Kwik-Uribe, C.3    Evans, E.M.4    Erdman Jr., J.W.5
  • 21
    • 0041920912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chocolate and Blood Pressure in Elderly Individuals with Isolated Systolic Hypertension [5]
    • DOI 10.1001/jama.290.8.1029
    • Taubert D, Berkels R, Roesen R, Klaus W. Chocolate and blood pressure in elderly individuals with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA 2003;290:1029-30. (Pubitemid 37430441)
    • (2003) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.290 , Issue.8 , pp. 1029-1030
    • Taubert, D.1    Berkels, R.2    Roesen, R.3    Klaus, W.4
  • 22
    • 34347404130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low habitual cocoa intake on blood pressure and bioactive nitric oxide: A randomized controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1001/jama.298.1.49
    • Taubert D, Roesen R, Lehmann C, Jung N, Schomig E. Effects of low habitual cocoa intake on blood pressure and bioactive nitric oxide: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007;298:49-60. (Pubitemid 47026770)
    • (2007) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.298 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-60
    • Taubert, D.1    Roesen, R.2    Lehmann, C.3    Jung, N.4    Schomig, E.5
  • 23
    • 84950170937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects
    • Lond
    • Davison K, Coates AM, Buckley JD, Howe PR. Effect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008;32:1289-96.
    • (2008) Int J Obes , vol.32 , pp. 1289-1296
    • Davison, K.1    Coates, A.M.2    Buckley, J.D.3    Howe, P.R.4
  • 24
    • 58149181494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effect of oral flavonoid-rich dark chocolate intake on coronary circulation, as compared with nonflavonoid white chocolate, by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in healthy adults
    • Shiina Y, Funabashi N, Lee K, Murayama T, Nakamura K, Wakatsuki Y, Daimon M, Komuro I. Acute effect of oral flavonoid-rich dark chocolate intake on coronary circulation, as compared with nonflavonoid white chocolate, by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in healthy adults. Int J Cardiol 2009;131:424-9.
    • (2009) Int J Cardiol , vol.131 , pp. 424-429
    • Shiina, Y.1    Funabashi, N.2    Lee, K.3    Murayama, T.4    Nakamura, K.5    Wakatsuki, Y.6    Daimon, M.7    Komuro, I.8
  • 25
    • 23244468093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocoa reduces blood pressure and insulin resistance and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensives
    • DOI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000174990.46027.70
    • Grassi D, Necozione S, Lippi C, Croce G, Valeri L, Pasqualetti P, Desideri G, Blumberg JB, Ferri C. Cocoa reduces blood pressure and insulin resistance and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensives. Hypertension 2005;46:398-405. (Pubitemid 41099176)
    • (2005) Hypertension , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 398-405
    • Grassi, D.1    Necozione, S.2    Lippi, C.3    Croce, G.4    Valeri, L.5    Pasqualetti, P.6    Desideri, G.7    Blumberg, J.B.8    Ferri, C.9
  • 26
    • 51049107708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolate
    • Grassi D, Desideri G, Necozione S, Lippi C, Casale R, Properzi G, Blumberg JB, Ferri C. Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolate. J Nutr 2008;138:1671-6.
    • (2008) J Nutr , vol.138 , pp. 1671-1676
    • Grassi, D.1    Desideri, G.2    Necozione, S.3    Lippi, C.4    Casale, R.5    Properzi, G.6    Blumberg, J.B.7    Ferri, C.8
  • 28
    • 77955060311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of endothelial function with dietary flavanols is associated with mobilization of circulating angiogenic cells in patients with coronary artery disease
    • Heiss C, Jahn S, Taylor M, Real WM, Angeli FS, Wong ML, Amabile N, Prasad M, Rassaf T, Ottaviani JI, et al. Improvement of endothelial function with dietary flavanols is associated with mobilization of circulating angiogenic cells in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:218-24.
    • (2010) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.56 , pp. 218-224
    • Heiss, C.1    Jahn, S.2    Taylor, M.3    Real, W.M.4    Angeli, F.S.5    Wong, M.L.6    Amabile, N.7    Prasad, M.8    Rassaf, T.9    Ottaviani, J.I.10
  • 30
    • 57449120731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocoa consumption for 2 wk enhances insulin-mediated vasodilatation without improving blood pressure or insulin resistance in essential hypertension
    • Muniyappa R, Hall G, Kolodziej TL, Karne RJ, Crandon SK, Quon MJ. Cocoa consumption for 2 wk enhances insulin-mediated vasodilatation without improving blood pressure or insulin resistance in essential hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:1685-96.
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.88 , pp. 1685-1696
    • Muniyappa, R.1    Hall, G.2    Kolodziej, T.L.3    Karne, R.J.4    Crandon, S.K.5    Quon, M.J.6
  • 31
    • 77958599695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-cocoa polyphenol-rich chocolate improves HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetes patients
    • Mellor DD, Sathyapalan T, Kilpatrick ES, Beckett S, Atkin SL. High-cocoa polyphenol-rich chocolate improves HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetes patients. Diabet Med 2010;27:1318-21.
    • (2010) Diabet Med , vol.27 , pp. 1318-1321
    • Mellor, D.D.1    Sathyapalan, T.2    Kilpatrick, E.S.3    Beckett, S.4    Atkin, S.L.5
  • 32
    • 78651309432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prebiotic evaluation of cocoa-derived flavanols in healthy humans by using a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention study
    • Tzounis X, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Vulevic J, Gibson GR, Kwik-Uribe C, Spencer JP. Prebiotic evaluation of cocoa-derived flavanols in healthy humans by using a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention study. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:62-72.
    • (2011) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.93 , pp. 62-72
    • Tzounis, X.1    Rodriguez-Mateos, A.2    Vulevic, J.3    Gibson, G.R.4    Kwik-Uribe, C.5    Spencer, J.P.6
  • 34
    • 33847775158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous intake of polyphenolic compounds containing cocoa powder reduces LDL oxidative susceptibility and has beneficial effects on plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in humans
    • Baba S, Osakabe N, Kato Y, Natsume M, Yasuda A, Kido T, Fukuda K, Muto Y, Kondo K. Continuous intake of polyphenolic compounds containing cocoa powder reduces LDL oxidative susceptibility and has beneficial effects on plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:709-17. (Pubitemid 46393501)
    • (2007) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 709-717
    • Baba, S.1    Osakabe, N.2    Kato, Y.3    Natsume, M.4    Yasuda, A.5    Kido, T.6    Fukuda, K.7    Muto, Y.8    Kondo, K.9
  • 35
    • 73749083955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quercetin reduces systolic blood pressure and plasma oxidised low-density lipoprotein concentrations in overweight subjects with a high-cardiovascular disease risk phenotype: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study
    • Egert S, Bosy-Westphal A, Seiberl J, Kurbitz C, Settler U, Plachta-Danielzik S, Wagner AE, Frank J, Schrezenmeir J, Rimbach G, et al. Quercetin reduces systolic blood pressure and plasma oxidised low-density lipoprotein concentrations in overweight subjects with a high-cardiovascular disease risk phenotype: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Br J Nutr 2009;102:1065-74.
    • (2009) Br J Nutr , vol.102 , pp. 1065-1074
    • Egert, S.1    Bosy-Westphal, A.2    Seiberl, J.3    Kurbitz, C.4    Settler, U.5    Plachta-Danielzik, S.6    Wagner, A.E.7    Frank, J.8    Schrezenmeir, J.9    Rimbach, G.10
  • 36
    • 30744477453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin transport across pig intestinal brush border membranes
    • DOI 10.1159/000089640
    • Starp C, Alteheld B, Stehle P. Characteristics of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin transport across pig intestinal brush border membranes. Ann Nutr Metab 2006;50:59-65. (Pubitemid 43097646)
    • (2006) Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-65
    • Starp, C.1    Alteheld, B.2    Stehle, P.3
  • 37
    • 39549114698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appendix C: Example of computation in R and Bugs
    • 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC. Available from (cited 2 October 2011)
    • Gelman AB, Carlin JS, Stern H, Rubin D. Bayesian data analysis. 2nd ed. Appendix C: example of computation in R and Bugs. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC 2003. Available from: http://www.stat.colombia.edu/~gelman/bugsR/ software.pdf (cited 2 October 2011).
    • (2003) Bayesian Data Analysis
    • Gelman, A.B.1    Carlin, J.S.2    Stern, H.3    Rubin, D.4
  • 38
    • 13444302396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R2WinBUGS: A package for running WinBUGS from R
    • Sturtz S, Ligges U, Gelman A. R2WinBUGS: a package for running WinBUGS from R. J Stat Soft 2005;12:1-16.
    • (2005) J Stat Soft , vol.12 , pp. 1-16
    • Sturtz, S.1    Ligges, U.2    Gelman, A.3
  • 40
    • 77950344167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate on fasting capillary whole blood glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure and glucocorticoids in healthy overweight and obese subjects
    • Almoosawi S, Fyfe L, Ho C, Al-Dujaili E. The effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate on fasting capillary whole blood glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure and glucocorticoids in healthy overweight and obese subjects. Br J Nutr 2010;103:842-50.
    • (2010) Br J Nutr , vol.103 , pp. 842-850
    • Almoosawi, S.1    Fyfe, L.2    Ho, C.3    Al-Dujaili, E.4
  • 44
    • 1442274617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in healthy humans
    • DOI 10.1097/00004872-200312000-00016
    • Fisher ND, Hughes M, Gerhard-Herman M, Hollenberg NK. Flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in healthy humans. J Hypertens 2003;21:2281-6. (Pubitemid 38293567)
    • (2003) Journal of Hypertension , vol.21 , Issue.12 , pp. 2281-2286
    • Fisher, N.D.L.1    Hughes, M.2    Gerhard-Herman, M.3    Hollenberg, N.K.4
  • 48
    • 42249103282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the effects of dark chocolate and cocoa on variables associated with neuropsychological functioning and cardiovascular health: Clinical findings from a sample of healthy, cognitively intact older adults
    • Crews WD Jr, Harrison DW, Wright JW. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the effects of dark chocolate and cocoa on variables associated with neuropsychological functioning and cardiovascular health: clinical findings from a sample of healthy, cognitively intact older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:872-80. (Pubitemid 351549231)
    • (2008) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.87 , Issue.4 , pp. 872-880
    • Crews Jr., W.D.1    Harrison, D.W.2    Wright, J.W.3
  • 49
    • 67749086866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dark chocolate or tomato extract for prehypertension: A randomised controlled trial
    • Ried K, Frank OR, Stocks NP. Dark chocolate or tomato extract for prehypertension: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2009;9:22.
    • (2009) BMC Complement Altern Med , vol.9 , pp. 22
    • Ried, K.1    Frank, O.R.2    Stocks, N.P.3
  • 50
    • 15744388677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a significant increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood pressure in healthy persons
    • Grassi D, Lippi C, Necozione S, Desideri G, Ferri C. Short-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a significant increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood pressure in healthy persons. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:611-4.
    • (2005) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.81 , pp. 611-614
    • Grassi, D.1    Lippi, C.2    Necozione, S.3    Desideri, G.4    Ferri, C.5
  • 51
    • 68249109183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of endothelial nitric oxide by plant-derived products
    • Schmitt CA, Dirsch VM. Modulation of endothelial nitric oxide by plant-derived products. Nitric Oxide Biol Chem 2009;21(2):77-91.
    • (2009) Nitric Oxide Biol Chem , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-91
    • Schmitt, C.A.1    Dirsch, V.M.2
  • 53
    • 0036628736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption and urinary excretion of procyanidin B2 [epicatechin-(4beta-8) -epicatechin] in rats
    • DOI 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00871-7, PII S0891584902008717
    • Baba S, Osakabe N, Natsume M, Terao J. Absorption and urinary excretion of procyanidin B2 [epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin] in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2002;33:142-8. (Pubitemid 34681016)
    • (2002) Free Radical Biology and Medicine , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 142-148
    • Baba, S.1    Osakabe, N.2    Natsume, M.3    Terao, J.4
  • 54
    • 0034811344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicatechin is the primary bioavailable form of the procyanidin dimers B2 and B5 after transfer across the small intestine
    • Spencer JP, Schroeter H, Shenoy B, Srai SK, Debnam ES, Rice-Evans C. Epicatechin is the primary bioavailable form of the procyanidin dimers B2 and B5 after transfer across the small intestine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001;285:588-93.
    • (2001) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.285 , pp. 588-593
    • Spencer, J.P.1    Schroeter, H.2    Shenoy, B.3    Srai, S.K.4    Debnam, E.S.5    Rice-Evans, C.6
  • 55
    • 34247589583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the major cocoa polyphenols and inter-relationships of their concentrations in chocolate
    • DOI 10.1021/jf063277c
    • Cooper KA, Campos-Gimenez E, Jimenez Alvarez D, Nagy K, Donovan JL, Williamson G. Rapid reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the major cocoa polyphenols and inter-relationships of their concentrations in chocolate. J Agric Food Chem 2007;55:2841-7. (Pubitemid 46668287)
    • (2007) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , vol.55 , Issue.8 , pp. 2841-2847
    • Cooper, K.A.1    Campos-Gimenez, E.2    Alvarez, D.J.3    Nagy, K.4    Donovan, J.L.5    Williamson, G.6
  • 57
    • 0032711225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory blood pressure: Normality and comparison with other measurements
    • Schettini C, Bianchi M, Nieto F, Sandoya E, Senra H. Ambulatory blood pressure: normality and comparison with other measurements. Hypertension Working Group. Hypertension 1999;34:818-25. (Pubitemid 29501306)
    • (1999) Hypertension , vol.34 , Issue.4 II , pp. 818-825
    • Schettini, C.1    Bianchi, M.2    Nieto, F.3    Sandoya, E.4    Senra, H.5
  • 59
    • 0346366814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity by flavan-3-ols and procyanidins
    • DOI 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)01355-3
    • Actis-Goretta L, Ottaviani JI, Keen CL, Fraga CG. Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity by flavan-3-ols and procyanidins. FEBS Lett 2003;555:597-600. (Pubitemid 37532617)
    • (2003) FEBS Letters , vol.555 , Issue.3 , pp. 597-600
    • Actis-Goretta, L.1    Ottaviani, J.I.2    Keen, C.L.3    Fraga, C.G.4
  • 61
    • 33747061585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tea flavanols inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and increase nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells
    • DOI 10.1211/jpp.58.8.0016
    • Persson IA, Josefsson M, Persson K, Andersson RG. Tea flavanols inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and increase nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006;58:1139-44. (Pubitemid 44213648)
    • (2006) Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , vol.58 , Issue.8 , pp. 1139-1144
    • Persson, I.A.-L.1    Josefsson, M.2    Persson, K.3    Andersson, R.G.G.4
  • 63
    • 0037079309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11911-8
    • Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R, Prospective Studies C. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002;360:1903-13. (Pubitemid 35472129)
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , Issue.9349 , pp. 1903-1913
    • Lewington, S.1    Clarke, R.2    Qizilbash, N.3    Peto, R.4    Collins, R.5
  • 64
    • 6344243544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of polyphenols in different apple varieties
    • Vrhovsek U, Rigo A, Tonon D, Mattivi F. Quantitation of polyphenols in different apple varieties. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:6532-8.
    • (2004) J Agric Food Chem , vol.52 , pp. 6532-6538
    • Vrhovsek, U.1    Rigo, A.2    Tonon, D.3    Mattivi, F.4
  • 65
    • 35448987760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical composition of green tea (Camellia sinensis) infusions commercialized in Portugal
    • DOI 10.1007/s11130-007-0054-8
    • Reto M, Figueira ME, Filipe HM, Almeida CMM. Chemical composition of green tea (Camellia sinensis) infusions commercialized in Portugal. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2007;62:139-44. (Pubitemid 47624325)
    • (2007) Plant Foods for Human Nutrition , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 139-144
    • Reto, M.1    Figueira, M.E.2    Filipe, H.M.3    Almeida, C.M.M.4
  • 66
    • 77957019665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of ascorbic acid, citric acid and low pH on the extraction of green tea: How to get most out of it
    • Zimmermann BF, Gleichenhagen M. The effect of ascorbic acid, citric acid and low pH on the extraction of green tea: how to get most out of it. Food Chem 2011;124(4):1543-8.
    • (2011) Food Chem , vol.124 , Issue.4 , pp. 1543-1548
    • Zimmermann, B.F.1    Gleichenhagen, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.