Managing bone and joint infection in children

Archives of Disease in Childhood

Volumn 97, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 545-553

  Faust, Saul N ^a,b   Clark, Julia ^c   Pallett, Ann ^b   Clarke, Nicholas M P ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL SOUTHAMPTON NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE HOSPITALS NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; BETA LACTAM; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CEFOTAXIME; CEFUROXIME; CLINDAMYCIN; DNA 16S; FLUCLOXACILLIN; FUSIDIC ACID; MACROLIDE; TECHNETIUM 99M;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTHROSCOPIC DEBRIDEMENT; BACTEREMIA; BACTERIAL ARTHRITIS; BARTONELLA HENSELAE; BLOOD CULTURE; BONE BIOPSY; BONE DESTRUCTION; BONE RADIOGRAPHY; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONSENSUS; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DISKITIS; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG PENETRATION; EPIPHYSIS PLATE; ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FUSOBACTERIUM; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; INCIDENCE; INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION; JOINT; KINGELLA KINGAE; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; LONG BONE; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE; NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OSTEOMYELITIS; PALATABILITY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SEPSIS; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; SURGICAL DRAINAGE; THROMBOEMBOLISM; TREATMENT DURATION; ULTRASOUND;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ARTHRITIS, INFECTIOUS; CHILD; HUMANS; OSTEOMYELITIS;

EID: 84861480305     PISSN: 00039888     EISSN: 14682044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-301089     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Lew DP, Waldvogel FA. Osteomyelitis. Lancet 2004;364:369-79.
2. Krogstad P. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, Demmler GJ, et al., eds. Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Fifth edition. Philadelphia: Saunders 2004: 713-36.
3. Rasool MN. Hematogenous osteomyelitis of the calcaneus in children. J Pediatr Orthop 2001;21:738-43. (Pubitemid 33021154)
4. Jaffe HL. Metabolic, Degenerative and Inflammatory Diseases of the Bones and Joints. Philadelphia: Lea & Feibiger 1972.
5. Dahl LB, Høyland AL, Dramsdahl H, et al. Acute osteomyelitis in children: a population-based retrospective study 1965 to 1994. Scand J Infect Dis 1998;30:573-7. (Pubitemid 29145745)
6. Stott NS. Review article: paediatric bone and joint infection. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2001;9:83-90. (Pubitemid 33042973)
7. Gutierrez K. Bone and joint infections in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 2005;52:779-94, vi. (Pubitemid 40733594)
8. Weichert S, Sharland M, Clarke NM, et al. Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in children: is there any evidence for how long we should treat? Curr Opin Infect Dis 2008;21:258-62. (Pubitemid 351620380)
9. Macnicol MF. Patterns of musculoskeletal infection in childhood. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2001;83:1-2. (Pubitemid 32170952)
10. Riise ØR, Kirkhus E, Handeland KS, et al. Childhood osteomyelitis-incidence and differentiation from other acute onset musculoskeletal features in a populationbased study. BMC Pediatr 2008;8:45.
11. Wong M, Isaacs D, Howman-Giles R, et al. Clinical and diagnostic features of osteomyelitis occurring in the first three months of life. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995;14:1047-53. (Pubitemid 26008455)
12. Baker ADL. Haematogenous osteomyelitis in children: epidemiology, classification, aetiology and treatment. J Paediatr Child Health 2007;18(2):75-84.
13. Fernandez M, Carrol CL, Baker CJ. Discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis in children: an 18-year review. Pediatrics 2000;105:1299-304. (Pubitemid 30346901)
14. Goergens ED, McEvoy A, Watson M, et al. Acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children. J Paediatr Child Health 2005;41:59-62. (Pubitemid 40223148)
15. Unkila-Kallio L, Kallio MJ, Eskola J, et al. Serum C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count in acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of children. Pediatrics 1994;93:59-62. (Pubitemid 24012130)
16. Pääkkönen M, Kallio MJ, Kallio PE, et al. Sensitivity of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in childhood bone and joint infections. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010;468:861-6.
17. McCaskill ML, Mason EO Jr, Kaplan SL, et al. Increase of the USA300 clone among community-acquired methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus causing invasive infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26:1122-7. (Pubitemid 350190944)
18. Faesch S, Cojocaru B, Hennequin C, et al. Can procalcitonin measurement help the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis? A prospective trial. Ital J Pediatr 2009;35:33.
19. Moumile K, Merckx J, Glorion C, et al. Bacterial aetiology of acute osteoarticular infections in children. Acta Paediatr 2005;94:419-22.
20. Rosey AL, Abachin E, Quesnes G, et al. Development of a broad-range 16s rDNA real-time PCR for the diagnosis of septic arthritis in children. J Microbiol Methods 2007;68:88-93. (Pubitemid 46054322)
21. Verdier I, Gayet-Ageron A, Ploton C, et al. Contribution of a broad range polymerase chain reaction to the diagnosis of osteoarticular infections caused by Kingella kingae: description of twenty-four recent pediatric diagnoses. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24:692-6. (Pubitemid 41140951)
22. Monk A, Ahmad N, Woodsford M, et al. Detection of uncultured organisms in paediatric bone and joint infections by a multiplex real-time PCR panel. Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health Annual Scientific Meeting. New York: Archives of Disease in Childhood 2009.
23. Connell TG, Rele M, Cowley D, et al. How reliable is a negative blood culture result? Volume of blood submitted for culture in routine practice in a children's hospital. Pediatrics 2007;119:891-6. (Pubitemid 46715658)
24. Yagupsky P. Kingella kingae: from medical rarity to an emerging paediatric pathogen. Lancet Infect Dis 2004;4:358-67. (Pubitemid 38692700)
25. Ceroni D, Cherkaoui A, Ferey S, et al. Kingella kingae osteoarticular infections in young children: clinical features and contribution of a new specific real-time PCR assay to the diagnosis. J Pediatr Orthop 2010;30:301-4.
26. Cole WG, Dalziel RE, Leitl S. Treatment of acute osteomyelitis in childhood. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1982;64:218-23. (Pubitemid 12003193)
27. Dohin B, Gillet Y, Kohler R, et al. Pediatric bone and joint infections caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26:1042-8. (Pubitemid 350287588)
28. Le Saux N, Howard A, Barrowman NJ, et al. Shorter courses of parenteral antibiotic therapy do not appear to influence response rates for children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2002;2:16.
29. Gerber JS, Coffin SE, Smathers SA, et al. Trends in the incidence of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in children's hospitals in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:65-71.
30. Ballock RT, Newton PO, Evans SJ, et al. A comparison of early versus late conversion from intravenous to oral therapy in the treatment of septic arthritis. J Pediatr Orthop 2009;29:636-42.
31. Peltola H, Unkila-Kallio L, Kallio MJ. Simplified treatment of acute staphylococcal osteomyelitis of childhood. The Finnish Study Group. Pediatrics 1997;99:846-50. (Pubitemid 27231358)
32. Roine I, Faingezicht I, Arguedas A, et al. Serial serum C-reactive protein to monitor recovery from acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995;14:40-4.
33. Peltola H, Pääkkönen M, Kallio P, et al. Prospective, randomized trial of 10 days versus 30 days of antimicrobial treatment, including a short-term course of parenteral therapy, for childhood septic arthritis. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:1201-10.
34. Peltola H, Pääkkönen M, Kallio P, et al. Short- versus long-term antimicrobial treatment for acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of childhood: prospective, randomized trial on 131 culture-positive cases. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010;29:1123-8.
35. Milcent K, Guitton C, Koné-Paut I. (French nationwide survey about management of acute osteomyelitis in children). Arch Pediatr 2009;16:7-13.
36. Bone and Joint Disorders. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. London: Saunders 2003: 2297-302.
37. Dich VQ, Nelson JD, Haltalin KC. Osteomyelitis in infants and children. A review of 163 cases. Am J Dis Child 1975;129:1273-8.
38. Blockey NJ, Watson JT. Acute osteomyelitis in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1970;52:77-87.
39. Ring D, Johnston CE 2nd, Wenger DR. Pyogenic infectious spondylitis in children: the convergence of discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis. J Pediatr Orthop 1995;15:652-60.
40. Ruebner R, Keren R, Coffin S, et al. Complications of central venous catheters used for the treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. Pediatrics 2006;117:1210-15. (Pubitemid 46071514)
41. Zaoutis T, Localio AR, Leckerman K, et al. Prolonged intravenous therapy versus early transition to oral antimicrobial therapy for acute osteomyelitis in children. Pediatrics 2009;123:636-42.
42. Isaacs D. Evidence Based Paediatric Infectious Disease. London: WileyBlackwell 2007: 344.
43. Beresford MW, Deutschmann A, Deautschmann A, et al. Acrimonious acronyms: CRMO, SAPHO and a sore shin. Clin Immunol 2007;122:252-4. (Pubitemid 46216922)
44. Gleeson H, Wiltshire E, Briody J, et al. Childhood chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: pamidronate therapy decreases pain and improves vertebral shape. J Rheumatol 2008;35:707-12. (Pubitemid 351500071)
45. Deutschmann A, Mache CJ, Bodo K, et al. Successful treatment of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis with tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockage. Pediatrics 2005;116:1231-3. (Pubitemid 46056433)
46. Crary SE, Buchanan GR, Drake CE, et al. Venous thrombosis and thromboembolism in children with osteomyelitis. J Pediatr 2006;149:537-41. (Pubitemid 44441416)
47. Nade S. Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in infancy and childhood. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1983;65:109-19. (Pubitemid 13114790)
48. Moylett EH, Rossmann SN, Epps HR, et al. Importance of Kingella kingae as a pediatric pathogen in the United States. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:263-5. (Pubitemid 30167456)
49. Arnold SR, Elias D, Buckingham SC, et al. Changing patterns of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis: emergence of communityassociated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Pediatr Orthop 2006;26:703-8. (Pubitemid 44655534)
50. Bocchini CE, Hulten KG, Mason EO Jr, et al. Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes are associated with enhanced inflammatory response and local disease in acute hematogenous Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in children. Pediatrics 2006;117:433-40. (Pubitemid 46071606)
51. Isaacs D, Moxen ER. Handbook of Neonatal Infections: A Practical Guide. London: WB Saunders 1999.
52. Ibia EO, Imoisili M, Pikis A. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal osteomyelitis in children. Pediatrics 2003;112:e22-6.
53. Chambers JB, Forsythe DA, Bertrand SL, et al. Retrospective review of osteoarticular infections in a pediatric sickle cell age group. J Pediatr Orthop 2000;20:682-5.
54. Brown R, Hussain M, McHugh K, et al. Discitis in young children. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2001;83:106-11. (Pubitemid 32170972)
55. Nussinovitch M, Sokolover N, Volovitz B, et al. Neurologic abnormalities in children presenting with diskitis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002;156:1052-4. (Pubitemid 36343486)
56. Jurik AG. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2004;8:243-53. (Pubitemid 39305183)
57. Girschick HJ, Huppertz HI, Harmsen D, et al. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children: diagnostic value of histopathology and microbial testing. Hum Pathol 1999;30:59-65. (Pubitemid 29037395)
58. Mazur JM, Ross G, Cummings J, et al. Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of acute musculoskeletal infections in children. J Pediatr Orthop 1995;15:144-7.
59. Tuson CE, Hoffman EB, Mann MD. Isotope bone scanning for acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1994;76:306-10. (Pubitemid 24083255)
60. Tins BJ, Cassar-Pullicino VN, Lalam RK. Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal infection. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2007;18:213-22. (Pubitemid 47357423)
61. Blickman JG, van Die CE, de Rooy JW. Current imaging concepts in pediatric osteomyelitis. Eur Radiol 2004;14 Suppl 4:L55-64. (Pubitemid 40603962)
62. Shammas A. Nuclear medicine imaging of the pediatric musculoskeletal system. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2009;13:159-80.
63. Capitanio MA, Kirkpatrick JA. Early roentgen observations in acute osteomyelitis. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1970;108:488-96.
64. Offiah AC. Acute osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and discitis: differences between neonates and older children. Eur J Radiol 2006;60:221-32. (Pubitemid 44637260)
65. Howard CB, Einhorn M, Dagan R, et al. Fine-needle bone biopsy to diagnose osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1994;76:311-14. (Pubitemid 24083256)
66. Restrepo S, Vargas D, Riascos R, et al. Musculoskeletal infection imaging: past, present, and future. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2005;7:365-72. (Pubitemid 41419371)
67. HPA. Guidance on the diagnosis and management of PVL-associated Staphylococcus aureus infections (PVL-SA) in England. Second edition, 2008;50.