Wolves-coyotes-foxes: A cascade among carnivores

Ecology

Volumn 93, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 921-929

  Levi, Taal ^a   Wilmers, Christopher C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Coyote; Fox; Indirect effects; Intraguild predation; Mesopredator release; Minnesota, USA; Predator interference; Wolf

Indexed keywords

BODY SIZE; CANID; CARNIVORE; FELID; FOOD CHAIN; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; PREY SIZE; PUBLIC HEALTH; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; RODENT; SONGBIRD; SPECIES DIVERSITY; TIME SERIES; TOP-DOWN CONTROL; TROPHIC CASCADE;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; COYOTE; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOOD CHAIN; FOX; PHYSIOLOGY; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SEASON; UNITED STATES; WOLF;

ANIMALS; COYOTES; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOOD CHAIN; FOXES; MINNESOTA; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SEASONS; WOLVES;

MINNESOTA; UNITED STATES;

CANIDAE; CANIS LATRANS; CANIS LUPUS; FELIDAE; FELIS CATUS; PASSERI; RODENTIA;

EID: 84861407725     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/11-0165.1     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Berger, K. M., and M. M. Conner. 2008. Recolonizing wolves and mesopredator suppression of coyotes: impacts on pronghorn population dynamics. Ecological Applications 18:599-612.
2. Berger, K. M., and E. M. Gese. 2007. Does interference competition with wolves limit the distribution and abundance of coyotes? Journal of Animal Ecology 76:1075-1085. (Pubitemid 47547433)
3. Berger, K. M., E. M. Gese, and J. Berger. 2008. Indirect effects and traditional trophic cascades: a test involving wolves, coyotes, and pronghorn. Ecology 89:818-828. (Pubitemid 351550014)
4. Brisson, D., D. E. Dykhuizen, and R. S. Ostfeld. 2007. Conspicuous impacts of inconspicuous hosts on the Lyme disease epidemic. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 275:227-235. (Pubitemid 350174590)
5. Burnham, K. P., and D. R. Anderson. 2002. Model selection and multi-model inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. Second edition. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
6. Conner, M. C., R. F. Labisky, and D. R. Progulske, Jr. 1983. Scent-station indices as measures of population abundance for bobcats, raccoons, gray foxes, and opossums. Wildlife Society Bulletin 11:146-152. (Pubitemid 14274708)
7. Creel, S. 2001. Four factors modifying the effect of competition on carnivore population dynamics as illustrated by African wild dogs. Conservation Biology 15:271-274. (Pubitemid 32180353)
8. Creel, S., and N. M. Creel. 1996. Limitation of African wild dogs by competition with larger carnivores. Conservation Biology 10:526-538.
9. Crooks, K. R., and M. E. Soule. 1999. Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctions in a fragmented system. Nature 400:563-566. (Pubitemid 29381804)
10. Ellis, J. C., M. J. Shulman, M. Wood, J. D. Witman, and S. Lozyniak. 2007. Regulation of intertidal food webs by avian predators on New England rocky shores. Ecology 88:853-863. (Pubitemid 46641562)
11. Fedriani, J. M., T. K. Fuller, R. M. Sauvajot, and E. C. York. 2000. Competition and intraguild predation among three sympatric carnivores. Oecologia 125:258-270.
12. Fretwell, S. D. 1977. Regulation of plant communities by foodchains exploiting them. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 20:169-185.
13. Gompper, M. E. 2002. The ecology of northeastern coyotes: current knowledge and priorities for future research. Working Paper Number 17. Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA.
14. Haroldson, K. J. 2008. 2007 Minnesota August roadside survey. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Madelia, Minnesota, USA.
15. Harrison, D. J., J. A. Bissonette, and J. A. Sherburne. 1989. Spatial relationships between coyotes and red foxes in eastern Maine. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:181-185. (Pubitemid 19325430)
16. Henke, S. E., and F. C. Bryant. 1999. Effects of coyote removal on the faunal community in western Texas. Journal of Wildlife Management 63:1066-1081. (Pubitemid 29498856)
17. Hurrell, J. W. 1995. Decadal trends in the NAO: regional temperature and precipitation. Science 269:676-679. (Pubitemid 26439360)
18. Hurvich, C. M., and C. L. Tsai. 1989. Regression and time series model selection in small samples. Biometrika 76:297-307.
19. Kamler, J. F., W. B. Ballard, R. L. Gilliland, P. R. Lemons, and K. Mote. 2003. Impacts of coyotes on swift foxes in northwestern Texas. Journal of Wildlife Management 67:317-323. (Pubitemid 36536746)
20. Karki, S. M., E. M. Gese, and M. L. Klavetter. 2007. Effects of coyote population reduction on swift fox demographics in southeastern Colorado. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:2707-2718.
21. Kays, R. W., M. E. Gompper, and J. C. Ray. 2008. Landscape ecology of eastern coyotes based on large-scale estimates of abundance. Ecological Applications 18:1014-1017.
22. Lo Giudice, K., R. S. Ostfeld, K. A. Schmidt, and F. Keesing. 2003. The ecology of infectious disease: effects of host diversity and community composition on Lyme disease risk. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100:567-571. (Pubitemid 36126092)
23. Major, J. T., and J. A. Sherburne. 1987. Interspecific relationships of coyotes, bobcats, and red foxes in western Maine. Journal of Wildlife Management 51:606-616.
24. Mech, L. D. 1970. The wolf: the ecology and behavior of an endangered species. First edition. Published for the American Museum of Natural History by the Natural History Press, Garden City, New York, USA.
25. Mezquida, E. T., S. J. Slater, and C. W. Benkman. 2006. Sage-Grouse and indirect interactions: potential implications of coyote control on Sage-Grouse populations. Condor 108:747-759. (Pubitemid 44851826)
26. Moehrenschlager, A., R. List, and D. W. Macdonald. 2007. Escaping intraguild predation: Mexican kit foxes survive while coyotes and golden eagles kill Canadian swift foxes. Journal of Mammalogy 88:1029-1039. (Pubitemid 350194292)
27. Munoz, A. A., and F. P. Ojeda. 1998. Guild structure of carnivorous intertidal fishes of the Chilean coast: implications of ontogenetic dietary shifts. Oecologia 114:563-573. (Pubitemid 28259830)
28. Ostfeld, R. S., and R. D. Holt. 2004. Are predators good for your health? Evaluating evidence for top-down regulation of zoonotic disease reservoirs. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2:13-20.
29. Pace, M. L., J. J. Cole, S. R. Carpenter, and J. F. Kitchell. 1999. Trophic cascades revealed in diverse ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14:483-488. (Pubitemid 29513224)
30. Patterson, B. R., and F. Messier. 2001. Social organization and space use of coyotes in eastern Canada relative to prey distribution and abundance. Journal of Mammalogy 82:463-477. (Pubitemid 32501183)
31. Polis, G. A., and D. R. Strong. 1996. Food web complexity and community dynamics. American Naturalist 147:813-846.
32. Ralls, K., and P. J. White. 1995. Predation on San Joaquin kit foxes by larger canids. Journal of Mammalogy 88:1029-1039.
33. Ritchie, E. G., and C. N. Johnson. 2009. Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation. Ecology Letters 12:982-998.
34. Rosenheim, J. A. 1998. Higher-order predators and the regulation of insect herbivore populations. Annual Review of Entomology 43:421-447. (Pubitemid 28091244)
35. Sargeant, G. A., D. H. Johnson, and W. E. Berg. 1998. Interpreting carnivore scent-station surveys. Journal of Wildlife Management 62:1235-1245. (Pubitemid 28501640)
36. Sargeant, G. A., D. H. Johnson, and W. E. Berg. 2003. Sampling designs for carnivore scent-station surveys. Journal of Wildlife Management 67:289-298. (Pubitemid 36536743)
37. Schwinning, S., and J. Weiner. 1998. Mechanisms determining the degree of size asymmetry in competition among plants. Oecologia 113:447-455. (Pubitemid 28126738)
38. Sih, A., G. Englund, and D. Wooster. 1998. Emergent impacts of multiple predators on prey. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13:350-355. (Pubitemid 28385521)
39. Sovada, M. A., A. B. Sargeant, and J. W. Grier. 1995. Differential effects of coyotes and red foxes on duck nest success. Journal of Wildlife Management 59:1-9. (Pubitemid 26447217)
40. Stenseth, N. C., D. Ehrich, E. K. Rueness, O. C. Lingjaerde, K. S. Chan, S. Boutin, M. O'Donoghue, D. A. Robinson, H. Viljugrein, and K. S. Jakobsen. 2004. The effect of climatic forcing on population synchrony and genetic structuring of the Canadian lynx. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101:6056-6061. (Pubitemid 38520527)
41. Stenseth, N. C., G. Ottersen, J. W. Hurrell, A. Mysterud, M. Lima, K. S. Chan, N. G. Yoccoz, and B. Adlandsvik. 2003. Studying climate effects on ecology through the use of climate indices: the North Atlantic Oscillation, El Nino Southern Oscillation and beyond. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 270:2087-2096. (Pubitemid 37304034)
42. Terborgh, J., and J. A. Estes. 2010. Trophic cascades: predators, prey, and the changing dynamics of nature. Island Press, Washington, D. C., USA.
43. Thompson, C. M., and E. M. Gese. 2007. Food webs and intraguild predation: community interactions of a native mesocarnivore. Ecology 88:334-346. (Pubitemid 46596796)
44. Tremblay, J.-P., M. Crete, and J. Huot. 1998. Summer foraging behavior of eastern coyotes in rural versus forest landscape: a possible mechanism of source sink dynamics. Ecoscience 5:172-182. (Pubitemid 29025318)
45. Trewhella, W. J., S. Harris, and F. E. McAllister. 1988. Dispersal distance, home-range size and population density in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes): a quantitative analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology 25:423-434. (Pubitemid 19321142)
46. Way, J. G., I. M. Ortega, and P. J. Auger. 2002. Eastern coyote home range, territoriality and sociality on urbanized Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Northeast Wildlife 57:1-18.
47. Wilmers, C. C., E. Post, R. O. Peterson, and J. A. Vucetich. 2006. Predator disease out-break modulates top-down, bottom-up and climatic effects on herbivore population dynamics. Ecology Letters 9:383-389.