Spine Osteoarthritis

PM and R

Volumn 4, Issue 5 SUPPL., 2012, Pages

  Laplante, Ben L ^a   DePalma, Michael J ^a  

^a Virginia Spine Research Institute Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LEUKOTRIENE; MUSCLE RELAXANT AGENT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OPIATE; PARACETAMOL; PROSTAGLANDIN; TRIAMCINOLONE;

ANALGESIA; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; FLUOROSCOPY; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; HUMAN; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DEGENERATION; KINESIOTHERAPY; LOW BACK PAIN; MANIPULATIVE MEDICINE; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PHYSIOTHERAPY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; RADIOFREQUENCY NEUROTOMY; RADIOSURGERY; SACROILIAC JOINT ARTHROSIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SPINAL MANIPULATIVE THERAPY; SPONDYLOSIS;

CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR; CATHETER ABLATION; COLLAGEN; HUMANS; OSTEOARTHRITIS, SPINE; PHYSICAL THERAPY MODALITIES; SACROILIAC JOINT; SPINAL DISEASES; ZYGAPOPHYSEAL JOINT;

EID: 84861397792     PISSN: 19341482     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.03.005     Document Type: Article

References (151)

1. Kelsey J.L., White A.A. Epidemiology and impact of low-back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1980, 5:133-142.
2. Damkot D.K., Pope M.H., Lord J., Frymoyer J.W. The relationship between work history, work environment and low-back pain in men. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1984, 9:395-399.
3. Cunningham L.S., Kelsey J.L. Epidemiology of musculoskeletal impairments and associated disability. Am J Public Health 1984, 74:574-579.
4. Deyo R.A., Tsui-Wu Y.-J. Descriptive epidemiology of low-back pain and its related medical care in the United States. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1987, 12:264-268.
5. Frymoyer J.W., Cats-Baril W.L. An overview of the incidences and costs of low back pain. Orthop Clin North Am 1991, 22:263-271.
6. Freburger J.K., Holmes G.M., Agans R.P., et al. The rising prevalence of chronic low back pain. Arch Intern Med 2009, 169:251-258.
7. Walker B.F. The prevalence of low back pain: A systematic review of the literature from 1966 to 1998. J Spinal Disord 2000, 13:205-217.
8. Prevalence of disabilities and associated health conditions among adults: United States, 1999. Jama 2001, 285:1571-1572. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
9. Hart L.G., Deyo R.A., Cherkin D.C. Physician office visits for low back pain. Frequency, clinical evaluation, and treatment patterns from a U.S. national survey. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995, 20:11-19.
10. Andersson G.B. Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain. Lancet 1999, 354:581-585.
11. The Bone and Joint Decade: The Burden of Musculoskeletal Diseases in the United States 2008, American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, Rosemont, IL.
12. Carey T.S., Garrett J., Jackman A., McLaughlin C., Fryer J., Smucker D.R. The outcomes and costs of care for acute low back pain among patients seen by primary care practitioners, chiropractors, and orthopedic surgeons: The North Carolina Back Pain Project. N Engl J Med 1995, 333:913-917.
13. Nachemson A.L., Waddell G., Norlund A.I. Epidemiology of neck and low back pain. Neck and Back Pain: The Scientific Evidence of Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment 2000, 165-187. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. A.L. Nachemson, B. Johnsson (Eds.).
14. Nachemson A. The future of low back pain. The Lumbar Spine. The International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine 1990, 56-70. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. J.N. Weinstein, S.W. Wiesel (Eds.).
15. Deyo R.A., Weinstein J.N. Low back pain. N Engl J Med 2001, 344:363-370.
16. Yin W., Bogduk N. The nature of neck pain in a private pain clinic in the United States. Pain Med 2008, 9:196-203.
17. Lord S.M., Barnsley L., Wallis B.J., Bogduk N. Chronic cervical zygapophyseal joint pain after whiplash: A placebo-controlled prevalence study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1996, 21:1737-1745.
18. DePalma M., Ketchum J., Queler E., et al. What is the etiology of low back pain, and does age effect the prevalence of each etiology?. An interim analysis of 170 consecutive cases. Pain Med 2009, 10:949.
19. Schwarzer A.C., Wang S.C., Bogduk N., McNaught P.J., Laurent R. Prevalence and clinical features of lumbar zygapophysial joint pain: A study in an Australian population with chronic low back pain. Ann Rheum Dis 1995, 54:100-106.
20. Maigne J.Y., Aivaliklis A., Pfefer F. Results of sacroiliac joint double block and value of sacroiliac pain provocation tests in 54 patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1996, 21:1889-1892.
21. Schwarzer A.C., Aprill C.N., Bogduk N. The sacroiliac joint in chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995, 20:31-37.
22. Schwarzer A.C., Aprill C.N., Derby R., Fortin J., Kine G., Bogduk N. The prevalence and clinical features of internal disc disruption in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995, 20:1878-1883.
23. Manchikanti L., Manchikanti K.N., Cash K.A., Singh V., Giordano J. Age-related prevalence of facet-joint involvement in chronic neck and low back pain. Pain Physician 2008, 11:67-75.
24. Manchukonda R., Manchikanti K.N., Cash K.A., Pampati V., Manchikanti L. Facet joint pain in chronic spinal pain: An evaluation of prevalence and false-positive rate of diagnostic blocks. J Spinal Disord Tech 2007, 20:539-545.
25. Panjabi M.M. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement. J Spinal Disord 1992, 5:383-389. discussion 397.
26. Kirkaldy-Willis W.H., Wedge J.H., Yong-Hing K., Reilly J. Pathology and pathogenesis of lumbar spondylosis and stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1978, 3:319-328.
27. Butler D., Trafimow J.H., Andersson G.B., McNiell T.W., Hackman M.S. Discs degenerate before facets. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1990, 15:111-113.
28. Fujiwara A., Tamai K., Yamato M., et al. The relationship between facet joint osteoarthritis and disc degeneration of the lumbar spine: An MRI study. Eur Spine J 1999, 8:396-401.
29. Schwarzer A.C., Aprill C.N., Derby R., et al. The relative contributions of the disc and zygapophyseal joint in chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1994, 19:801-806.
30. Haldeman S., Carroll L., Cassidy D. Findings From The Bone and Joint Decade 2000 to 2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. J Occup Environ Med 2010, 52:424-427.
31. Fejer R., Kyvik K.O., Hartvigsen J. The prevalence of neck pain in the world population: A systematic critical review of the literature. Eur Spine J 2006, 15:834-848.
32. Manchikanti L., Dunbar E.E., Wargo B.W., Shah R.V., Derby R., Cohen S.P. Systematic review of cervical discography as a diagnostic test for chronic spinal pain. Pain Physician 2009, 12:305-321.
33. Cooper G., Bailey B., Bogduk N. Cervical zygapophysial joint pain maps. Pain Med 2007, 8:344-353.
34. Weiler M., Schietzsch C., Kirchner T., Nerlich A.G., Boos N., Wuertz K. Age-related changes in human cervical, thoracal and lumbar intervertebral disc exhibit a strong intra-individual correlation. Eur Spine J 2011 Aug 12, [Epub ahead of print].
35. Manchikanti L., Boswell M.V., Singh V., Pampati V., Damron K.S., Beyer C.D. Prevalence of facet joint pain in chronic spinal pain of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2004, 5:15.
36. Linton S.J., Hellsing A.L., Halldén K. A population-based study of spinal pain among 35-45-year-old individuals. Prevalence, sick leave, and health care use. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1998, 23:1457-1463.
37. Saullo T.R., Bender F. Diagnostic imaging of painful cervical facet joints. iSpine: Evidence-Based Interventional Spine Care 2011, Demos Medical, New York, NY. M. DePalma (Ed.).
38. Xu G.L., Haughton V.M., Carrera G.F. Lumbar facet joint capsule: Appearance at MR imaging and CT. Radiology 1990, 177:415-420.
39. Glover J.R. Arthrography of the joints of the lumbar vertebral arches. Orthop Clin North Am 1977, 8:37-42.
40. Yahia L.H., Garzon S. Structure on the capsular ligaments of the facet joints. Ann Anat 1993, 175:185-188.
41. Cyron B.M., Hutton W.C. The tensile strength of the capsular ligaments of the apophyseal joints. J Anat 1981, 132:145-150.
42. Engel R., Bogduk N. The menisci of the lumbar zygapophyseal joints. J Anat 1982, 135:795-809.
43. Bogduk N., Engel R. The menisci of the lumbar zygapophyseal joints: A review of their anatomy and clinical significance. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1984, 9:454-460.
44. Beaman D.N., Graziano G.P., Glover R.A., Wojtys E.M., Chang V. Substance P innervation of lumbar spine facet joints. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1993, 18:1044-1049.
45. Cohen S.P., Raja S.N. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of lumbar zygapophysial (facet) joint pain. Anesthesiology 2007, 106:591-614.
46. Ashton I.K., Ashton B.A., Gibson S.J., et al. Morphological basis for back pain: The demonstration of nerve fibers and neuropeptides in the lumbar facet joint capsule but not in the ligamentum flavum. J Orthop Res 1992, 10:72-78.
47. Edgar M.A., Ghadially J.A. Innervation of the lumbar spine. Clin Orthop 1976, 15:35-41.
48. Pedersen H.E., Blunck C.F., Gardner E. The anatomy of the lumbosacral posterior rami and meningeal branches of spinal nerves (sinuvertebral nerves): With an experimental study of their function. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1956, 38:377-391.
49. Bogduk N. Clinical Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum 1997, 127-144. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. 3rd ed.
50. Bogduk N., Wilson A.S., Tynan W. The human lumbar dorsal rami. J Anat 1982, 134:383-397.
51. Bogduk N. The innervation of the lumbar spine. Spine 1983, 8:286-293.
52. Bogduk N. Clinical Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum 1997, 33-42. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. 3rd ed.
53. Jaumard N.V., Welch W.C., Winkelstein B.A. Spinal facet joint biomechanics and mechanotransduction in normal, injury and degenerative conditions. J Biomech Eng 2011, 133:071010.
54. Horwitz T., Smith R.M. An anatomical, pathological and roentgenological study of the intervertebral joints of the lumbar spine and of the sacroiliac joints. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1940, 43:173-186.
55. Masharawi Y., Rothschild B., Dar G., et al. Facet orientation in the thoracolumbar spine: Three-dimensional anatomic and biomechanical analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2004, 29:1755-1763.
56. Panjabi M.M., Oxland T., Takata K., Goel V., Duranceau J., Krag M. Articular facets of the human spine: Quantitative three-dimensional anatomy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1993, 18:1298-1310.
57. Grobler L.J., Robertson P.A., Novotny J.E., Pope M.H. Etiology of spondylolisthesis: Assessment of the role played by lumbar facet joint morphology. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1993, 18:80-91.
58. Boden S.D., Riew K.D., Yamaguchi K., Branch T.P., Schellinger S., Wiesel S.W. Orientation of the lumbar facet joints: Association with degenerative disc disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996, 78:403-411.
59. Toyone T., Ozawa T., Kamikawa K., et al. Facet joint orientation difference between cephalad and caudad portions: A possible cause of degenerative spondylolisthesis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009, 34:2259-2262.
60. Murtagh F.R., Paulsen R.D., Rechtine G.R. The role and incidence of facet tropism in lumbar spine degenerative disc disease. J Spinal Disord 1991, 4:86-89.
61. Dai L.Y. Orientation and tropism of lumbar facet joints in degenerative spondylolisthesis. Int Orthop 2001, 25:40-42.
62. Song K.J., Lee K.B. Bilateral facet dislocation on L4-5 without neurologic deficit. J Spinal Disord 2005, 18:462-464.
63. Das De S., McCreath S.W. Lumbosacral fracture dislocations: A report of four cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1981, 63:58-60.
64. Fabris D., Costantini S., Nena U., Lo Scalzo V. Traumatic L5-S1 spondylolisthesis: Report of three cases and a review of the literature. Eur Spine J 1999, 8:290-295.
65. Kaplan S.S., Wright N.M., Yundt K.D., Lauryssen C. Adjacent fracture-dislocations of the lumbosacral spine: Case report. Neurosurgery 1999, 44:1134-1137.
66. Verlaan J.J., Oner F.C., Dhert W.J., Verbout A.J. Traumatic lumbosacral dislocation: Case report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001, 26:1942-1944.
67. Veras del Monte L.M., Bago J. Traumatic lumbosacral dislocation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000, 25:756-759.
68. Twomey L.T., Taylor J.R., Taylor M.M. Unsuspected damage to lumbar zygapophyseal (facet) joints after motor-vehicle accidents. Med J Aust 1989, 151:210-212. 215.
69. Gottfried Y., Bradford D.S., Oegema T.R. Facet joint changes after chemonucleolysis induced disc space narrowing. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1986, 11:944-954.
70. Panjabi M.M., Krag M.H., Chung T.Q. Effects of disc injury on mechanical behavior of the human spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1984, 9:707-713.
71. Fujiwara A., Tamai K., Yamato M., et al. The relationship between facet joint osteoarthritis and disc degeneration of the lumbar spine: An MRI study. Eur Spine J 1999, 8:396-401.
72. Fujiwara A., Tamai K., An H.S., et al. The relationship between disc degeneration, facet joint osteoarthritis, and stability of the degenerative lumbar spine. J Spinal Disord 2000, 13:444-1450.
73. King A.I., Prasad P., Ewing C.L. Mechanism of spinal injury due to caudocephalad acceleration. Orthop Clin North Am 1975, 6:19-31.
74. Nachemson A. Lumbar interdiscal pressure. Acta Orthop Scand 1960, 43:1-104.
75. Adams M.A., Hutton W.C. The mechanical function of the lumbar apophyseal joints. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1983, 8:327-330.
76. Yang K.H., King A.I. Volvo Award in biomechanics: mechanism of facet load transmission as a hypothesis of low-back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1984, 9:557-565.
77. Trouillier H., Kern P., Refior H.J., Müller-Gerbl M. A prospective morphological study of facet joint integrity following intervertebral disc replacement with the CHARITE Artificial Disc. Eur Spine J 2006, 15:174-182.
78. Kirkaldy-Willis W.H., Farfan F.H. Instability of the lumbar spine. Clin Orthop 1982, 165:110-123.
79. Farfan H.F. Effects of torsion on the intervertebral joints. Can J Surg 1969, 12:336-341.
80. El-Bohy A., Cavanaugh J.M., Getchell M.L., Bulas T., Getchell T.V., King A.I. Localization of substance P and neurofilament immunoreactive fibers in the lumbar facet joint capsule and supraspinous ligament of the rabbit. Brain Res 1988, 460:379-382.
81. Bland J.H., Cooper S.M. Osteoarthritis: A review of the cell biology involved and the evidence of reversibility. Management rationally related to known genesis of pathophysiology. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1984, 14:106-133.
82. Schmidt T.A., Gastelum N.S., Nguyen Q.T., et al. Boundary lubrication of articular cartilage: Role of synovial fluid constituents. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 56:82-89.
83. Boden S.D., Wiesel S.W. Lumbosacral segmental motion in normal individuals. Have we been measuring instability properly? Spine (. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1990, 15:571-576.
84. Hayes M.A., Howard T.C., Gruel C.R., Kopta J.A. Roentgenographic evaluation of lumbar spine flexion-extension in asymptomatic individuals. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1989, 14:327-331.
85. Ianuzzi A., Little J.S., Chiu J.B., Baitner A., Kawchuk G., Khalsa P.S. Human lumbar facet joint capsule strains: I. During physiological motions. Spine J 2004, 4:141-152.
86. Little J.S., Khalsa P.S. Human lumbar spine creep during cyclic and static flexion: Creep rate, biomechanics, and facet joint capsule strain. Ann Biomed Eng 2005, 33:391-401.
87. Igarashi A., Kikuchi S., Konno S., Olmarker K. Inflammatory cytokines released from the facet joint tissue in degenerative lumbar spinal disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2004, 29:2091-2095.
88. Willburger R.E. Prostaglandin release from lumbar disc and facet joint tissue. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1994, 19:2068-2070.
89. Dory M.A. Arthrography of the lumbar facet joints. Radiology 1981, 140:23-27.
90. Woolf C.J., Salter M.W. Neuronal plasticity: Increasing the gain in pain. Science 2000, 288:1765-1769.
91. Chou R., Huffman L.H. Medications for acute and chronic low back pain: A review of the evidence for an American Pain Society/American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med 2007, 147:505-514.
92. Hayden J.A., van Tulder M.W., Malmivaara A., Koes B.W. Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005, (3). CD000335.
93. van Middelkoop M., Rubinstein S.M., Verhagen A.P., Ostelo R.W., Koes B.W., van Tulder M.W. Exercise therapy for chronic nonspecific low-back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010, 24:193-204.
94. Assendelft W.J., Morton S.C., Yu E.I., Suttorp M.J., Shekelle P.G. Spinal manipulative therapy for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004, (1). CD000447.
95. Rubinstein S.M., van Middelkoop M., Assendelft W.J., de Boer M.R., van Tulder M.W. Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain: An update of a Cochrane Review. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011, 36:E825-E846.
96. Clarke J.A., van Tulder M.W., Blomberg S.E., et al. Traction for low-back pain with or without sciatica. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007, (2). CD003010.
97. Kennedy D.J., Shokat M., Visco C.J. Sacroiliac joint and lumbar zygapophysial joint corticosteroid injections. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2010, 21:835-842.
98. Raymond J., Dumas J.M. Intraarticular facet block: Diagnostic test or therapeutic procedure?. Radiology 1984, 151:333-336.
99. Hechelhammer L., Pfirrmann C.W., Zanetti M., Hodler J., Boos N., Schmid M.R. Imaging findings predicting the outcome of cervical facet joint blocks. Eur Radiol 2007, 17:959-964.
100. Schwarzer A.C., Wang S.C., O'Driscoll D., Harrington T., Bogduk N., Laurent R. The ability of computed tomography to identify a painful zygapophysial joint in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995, 20:907-912.
101. Bogduk N. Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with facet injections and radiofrequency neurotomy. Spine J 2008, 8:56-64.
102. Kaplan M., Dreyfuss P., Halbrook B., Bogduk N. The ability of lumbar medial branch blocks to anesthetize the zygapophysial joint: A physiologic challenge. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1998, 23:1847-1852.
103. Pampati S., Cash K.A., Manchikanti L. Accuracy of diagnostic lumbar facet joint nerve blocks: A 2-year follow-up of 152 patients diagnosed with controlled diagnostic blocks. Pain Physician 2009, 12:855-866.
104. Bogduk N., Dreyfuss P., Govind J. A narrative review of lumbar medial branch neurotomy for the treatment of back pain. Pain Med 2009, 10:1035-1045.
105. Bogduk N. Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with facet injections and radiofrequency neurotomy. Spine J 2008, 8:56-64.
106. Cohen S.P., Williams K.A., Kurihara C., et al. Multicenter, randomized, comparative cost-effectiveness study comparing 0, 1, and 2 diagnostic medial branch (facet joint nerve) block treatment paradigms before lumbar facet radiofrequency denervation. Anesthesiology 2010, 113:395-405.
107. Dreyfuss P.H., Dreyer SJ; NASS. Lumbar zygapophyseal (facet) joint injections. Spine J 2003, (3(Suppl)):50S-59S.
108. Datta S., Lee M., Falco F.J., Bryce D.A., Hayek S.M. Systematic assessment of diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic utility of lumbar facet joint interventions. Pain Physician 2009, 12:437-460.
109. Cohen S.P., Raja S.N. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of lumbar zygapophysial (facet) joint pain. Anesthesiology 2007, 106:591-614.
110. Manchikanti L., Helm S., Singh V., et al. An algorithmic approach for clinical management of chronic spinal pain. Pain Physician 2009, 12:E225-E264.
111. Boswell M.V., Colson J.D., Sehgal N., Dunbar E.E., Epter R. A systematic review of therapeutic facet joint interventions in chronic spinal pain. Pain Physician 2007, 10:229-253.
112. Slipman C.W., Lipetz J.S., Plastaras C.T., Jackson H.B., Yang S.T., Meyer A.M. Therapeutic zygapophyseal joint injections for headaches emanating from the C2-3 joint. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2001, 80:182-188.
113. Nath S., Nath C.A., Pettersson K. Percutaneous lumbar zygapophysial (facet) jointneurotomy using radiofrequency current, in the management of chronic low back pain: A randomized double-blind trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008, 33:1291-1298.
114. Barnsley L. Radiofrequency denervation for cervical facet joint pain. iSpine: Evidence-based Interventional Spine Care 2011, Demos Medical, New York. M. DePalma (Ed.).
115. Dreyfuss P., Halbrook B., Pauza K., Joshi A., McLarty J., Bogduk N. Efficacy and validity of radiofrequency neurotomy for chronic lumbar zygapophysial joint pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000, 25:1270-1277.
116. Gofeld M., Jitendra J., Faclier G. Radiofrequency denervation of the lumbar zygapophysical joints: 10-year prospective clinical audit. Pain Physician 2007, 10:291-300.
117. Schofferman J., Kine G. Effectiveness of repeated radiofrequency neurotomy for lumbar facet pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2004, 29:2471-2473.
118. DePalma M.J., Ketchum J.M., Queler E.D., Trussell B.S. Prospective pilot study of painful lumbar facet joint arthropathy after intra-articular injection of hylan G-F 20. Pmr 2009, 1:908-915.
119. Slipman C.W., Whyte W.S., Chow D.W., Chou L., Lenrow D., Ellen M. Sacroiliac joint syndrome. Pain Physician 2001, 4:143-152.
120. Puhakka K.B., Melsen F., Jurik A.G., Boel L.W., Vesterby A., Egund N. MR imaging of the normal sacroiliac joint with correlation to histology. Skeletal Radiol 2004, 33:15-28.
121. Ikeda R. Innervation of the sacroiliac joint. Macroscopical and histological studies. Nippon Ika Daigaku Zasshi 1991, 58:587-596.
122. Nakagawa T. A study on the distribution of the nerve filaments of the iliosacral joint and its adjacent region in the Japanese. J Jpn Orthop Assoc 1966, 40:419-430.
123. Bernard T.N., Cassidy J.D. The sacroiliac joint syndrome. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. The Adult Spine: Principles and Practice 1991, 2107-2130. Raven, New York. J.W. Frymoyer (Ed.).
124. Foley B.S., Buschbacher R.M. Sacroiliac joint pain: Anatomy, biomechanics, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2006, 85:997-1006.
125. Fortin J.D., Kissling R.O., O'Connor B.L., Vilensky J.A. Sacroiliac joint innervation and pain. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 1999, 28:687-690.
126. Dreyfuss P., Henning T., Malladi N., Goldstein B., Bogduk N. The ability of multi-site, multi-depth sacral lateral branch blocks to anesthetize the sacroiliac joint complex. Pain Med 2009, 10:679-688.
127. Vilensky J.A., O'Connor B.L., Fortin J.D., et al. Histologic analysis of neural elements in the human sacroiliac joint. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002, 27:1202-1207.
128. Dietrichs E. Anatomy of the pelvic joints: A review. Scand J Rheumatol 1991, 88(Suppl):4-6.
129. Bernard T.N., Kirkaldy-Willis W.H. Recognizing specific characteristics of nonspecific low back pain. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1987, 217:266-280.
130. Kampen W.U., Tillmann B. Age-related changes in the articular cartilage of human sacroiliac joint. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1998, 198:505-513.
131. Cusi M.F. Paradigm for assessment and treatment of SIJ mechanical dysfunction. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2010, 14:152-161.
132. Vleeming A., Volkers A.C., Snijders C.J., et al. Relation between form and function in the sacroiliac joint. Part II: Biomechanical aspects. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1990, 15:133-136.
133. Vleeming A., Stoeckart R., Volkers A.C., et al. Relation between form and function in the sacroiliac joint. Part I: Clinical anatomical aspects. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1990, 15:130-132.
134. Brolinson P.G., Kozar A.J., Cibor G. Sacroiliac joint dysfunction in athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep 2003, 2:47-56.
135. Harrison D.E., Harrison D.D., Troyanovich S.J. The sacroiliac joint: A review of anatomy and biomechanics with clinical implications. J Manipul Physiol Ther 1997, 20:607-617.
136. Egund N., Olsson T.H., Schmid H., et al. Movements in the sacroiliac joints demonstrated with roentgen stereophotogrammetry. Acta Radiol 1978, 19:833-846.
137. Holm S., Indahl A., Solomonow M. Sensorimotor control of the spine. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2002, 12:219-234.
138. Bennemann R. Untersuchungen am Iliosakralgelenk des Menschen. Verh Anat Ges 1979, 73:187-190.
139. Walker J.M. The sacroiliac joint: A critical review. Phys Ther 1992, 72:903-916.
140. Macdonald G.R., Hunt T.E. Sacroiliac joints. Observations on the gross and histological changes in the various age groups. Can Med Assoc J 1952, 66:157-163.
141. Bowen V., Cassidy J.D. Macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the sacroiliac joint from embryonic life until the eighth decade. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1981, 6:620-628.
142. Roughley P.J., Nguyen Q., Mort J.S. The role of proteinases and oxygen radicals in the degradation of human articular cartilage. Articular Cartilage and Osteoarthritis 1992, 305-316. Raven Press, New York. K.E. Kuettner, R. Schleyerbach, J.G. Peyron, V.C. Hascall (Eds.).
143. Aigner T., Zeiler G., von der Mark K. Proteoglykansynthese im osteoarthrotischen Gelenkknorpel. Orthopädie 1996, 4:313.
144. Aigner T., Bertling W., Stöss H., Weseloh G., von der Mark K. Independent expression of fibril-forming collagens I, II, and III in chondrocytes of human osteoarthritic cartilage. J Clin Invest 1993, 91:829-837.
145. Resnick D., Niwayarna G., Georgen T.G. Degenerative disease of the sacroiliac joint. Invest Radiol 1975, 10:608-621.
146. Kamali F., Shokri E. The effect of two manipulative therapy techniques and their outcome in patients with sacroiliac joint syndrome. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2012, 16:29-35.
147. Maugars Y., Mathis C., Berthelot J.-M., Charlier C., Prost A. Assessment of the efficacy of sacroiliac corticosteroid injections in spondylarthropathies: A double-blind study. Br J Rheumatol 1996, 35:767-770.
148. Slipman C.W., Lipetz J.S., Plastaras C.T., et al. Fluoroscopically guided therapeutic sacroiliac joint injections for sacroiliac joint syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2001, 80:425-432.
149. Liliang P.C., Lu K., Weng H.C., Liang C.L., Tsai Y.D., Chen H.J. The therapeutic efficacy of sacroiliac joint blocks with triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of sacroiliac joint dysfunction without spondyloarthropathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009, 34:896-900.
150. Cohen S.P., Hurley R.W., Buckenmaier C.C., Kurihara C., Morlando B., Dragovich A. Randomized placebo-controlled study evaluating lateral branch radiofrequency denervation for sacroiliac joint pain. Anesthesiology 2008, 109:279-288.
151. Srejic U., Calvillo O., Kabakibou K. Viscosupplementation: A new concept in the treatment of sacroiliac joint syndrome: A preliminary report of four cases. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1999, 24:84-88.