Sacroiliac joint pain: Anatomy, biomechanics, diagnosis, and treatment

American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Volumn 85, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 997-1006

  Foley, Brian S ^a,b   Buschbacher, Ralph M ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CL626 ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Intraarticular Corticosteroids; Intraarticular Injections; Low Back Pain; Sacroiliac Joint; Spinal Injections

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; BUPIVACAINE; CONTRAST MEDIUM; CORTICOSTEROID; HYALURONIC ACID; HYLAN GF 20; LIDOCAINE; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT;

ANAMNESIS; ARTHRALGIA; ARTHRODESIS; ATHLETE; BIOMECHANICS; BUTTOCK; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; FLUOROSCOPY; FORCE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; INJURY; JOINT FUNCTION; JOINT MOBILIZATION; LOW BACK PAIN; PELVIS; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PREGNANCY; REVIEW; SACROILIAC JOINT; SCREENING TEST; VALIDITY;

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ARTHRALGIA; ARTHROSCOPY; BIOMECHANICS; FLUOROSCOPY; HUMANS; INJECTIONS, INTRA-ARTICULAR; LOW BACK PAIN; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; SACROILIAC JOINT;

EID: 33751225649     PISSN: 08949115     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.phm.0000247633.68694.c1     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Dietrichs E: Anatomy of the pelvic joints - a review. Scand J Rheumatol 1991;88(Suppl):4-6
2. Bogduk N: The sacroiliac joint, in Bogduk N (ed): Clinical Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum. 3rd ed. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1997, pp 177-85
3. Bogduk N: CT-guided intraarticular injection of the sacroiliac joint. J Spinal Disord 2000;13:365
4. Prather H, Hunt D: Conservative management of low back pain, part I. Sacroiliac joint pain. Dis Mon 2004;50:670-83
5. Puhakka KB, Melsen F, Jurik AG, et al: MR imaging of the normal sacroiliac joint with correlation to histology. Skeletal Radiol 2004;33:15-28
6. Vleeming A, Volkers AC, Snijders CJ, et al: Relation between form and function in the sacroiliac joint. Part II: Biomechanical aspects. Spine 1990;15:133-6
7. Vleeming A, Stoeckart R, Volkers AC, et al: Relation between form and function in the sacroiliac joint. Part I: Clinical anatomical aspects. Spine 1990;15:130-2
8. Bogduk N: The Sacroiliac Joint, in Bogduk N (ed): Clinical Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum. 4th ed. New York, Elsevier, 2005, pp 173-180
9. Prassopoulos PKF, Christine P, Voloudaki Argyro E, et al: Sacroiliac joints: Anatomical variations on CT. J Comp Assist Tomogr 1999;23:323-7
10. Kampen WU, Tillmann B: Age-related changes in the articular cartilage of human sacroiliac joint. Anat Embryol (Berl) Dec1998;198:505-13
11. Brolinson PG, Kozar AJ, Cibor G: Sacroiliac joint dysfunction in athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2003;2:47-56
12. Rawlings Cr, Wilkins R, Martinez S, et al: Osteoporotic sacral fractures: a clinical study. Neurosurgery 1988;22:72-6
13. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ: The sacroiliac joint: A review of anatomy and biomechanics with clinical implications. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1997;20:607-17
14. Egund N, Olsson TH, Schmid H, et al: Movements in the sacroiliac joints demonstrated with roentgen stereophotogrammetry. Acta Radiol 1978;19:833-46
15. Reynolds HH: Three-dimensional kinematics in the pelvic girdle. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1980;80:277-80
16. Scholten PJM, Schultz AB, Luchico CW, et al: Motions and loads within the human pelvis: a biomedical model study. J Orthop Res 1988;6:840-50
17. Miller JAA, Schultz AB, Anderson GBJ: Load-displacement behavior of sacroiliac joints. J Orthop Res 1987;5:92-101
18. Richardson CA, Snijders CJ, Hides JA, et al: The relation between the transversus abdominis muscles, sacroiliac joint mechanics, and low back pain. Spine 2002;27:399-405
19. Hungerford B, Gilleard W, Hodges P: Evidence of altered lumbopelvic muscle recruitment in the presence of sacroiliac joint pain. Spine 2003;28:1593-600
20. Vleeming AP-G, Annelies L, Hammudoghlu Dilara, et al: The function of the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament: Its implication for understanding low back pain. Spine 1996;21:556-62
21. Vilensky JA, O'Connor BL, Fortin JD, et al: Histologic analysis of neural elements in the human sacroiliac joint. Spine. 12002;27:1202-7
22. Ikeda R: [Innervation of the sacroiliac joint. Macroscopical and histological studies]. Nippon Ika Daigaku Zasshi. 1991;58:587-96.
23. Grob KR, Neuhuber WL, Kissling RO: [Innervation of the sacroiliac joint of the human]. Z Rheumatol 1995;54:117-22
24. Holm S, Indahl A, Solomonow M: Sensorimotor control of the spine. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2002;12:219-234
25. Fortin JD, Kissling RO, O'Connor BL, et al: Sacroiliac joint innervation and pain. Am J Orthop 1999;28:687-90
26. Bernard TN TN Jr: The sacroiliac joint syndrome: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management, in Frymoyer JW, ed. The Adult Spine. Principles and Practice. New York, Raven, 1991, pp 2107-30
27. Andersson GBJ: Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain. Lancet 1999;354:581-5
28. Daum WJ: The sacroiliac joint: an underappreciated pain generator. Am J Orthop 1995;24:475-8
29. Chan KF: Musculoskeletal pain clinic in Singapore - sacroiliac joint somatic dysfunction as cause of buttock pain. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1998;27:112-5
30. DonTigny RL: Anterior dysfunction of the sacroiliac joint as a major factor in the etiology of idiopathic low back pain syndrome. Phys Ther 1990;70:250-65 discussion 262-55
31. Swezey RL: The sacroiliac joint. Nothing is sacred. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 1998;9:515-9x
32. LeBlanc KE: Sacroiliac sprain: An overlooked cause of back pain. Am Fam Physician 1992;46:1459-63
33. Verrills P: Interventions in chronic low back pain. Aust Fam Physician 2004;33:421-6
34. Schwarzer AC, Aprill CN, Bogduk N: The sacroiliac joint in chronic low back pain. Spine 1995;20:31-7
35. Norman GF: Sacroiliac disease and its relationship to lower abdominal pain. Am J Surg 1968;116:54-6
36. Ross J: Is the sacroiliac joint mobile and how should it be treated? Br J Sports Med. Jun2000;34:226
37. Bernard TN Jr, Kirkaldy-Willis WH: Recognizing specific characteristics of nonspecific low back pain. Orthopedics. 1987;217:266-80
38. Chou LH, Slipman CW, Bhagia SM, et al: Inciting events initiating injection-proven sacroiliac joint syndrome. Pain Med 2004;5:26-32
39. Ostgaard H, Zetherstrom G, Roos-Hansson E: The posterior pelvic pain provocation test in pregnant women. Eur Spine J 1994;3:258-60
40. van der Wurff P, Meyne W, Hagmeijer RH: Clinical tests of the sacroiliac joint. Man Ther 2000;5:89-96
41. Broadhurst NA, Bond MJ: Pain provocation tests for the assessment of sacroiliac joint dysfunction. J Spinal Disord 1998;11:341-5
42. Damen LB, Muzaffer H, Guler-Uysal F, et al: The prognostic value of asymmetric laxity of the sacroiliac joints in pregnancy-related pelvic pain. Spine 2002;27:2820-4
43. Papageorgiou T, Duchatel F: Sacro-iliitis associated with pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. BJOG: an International J Obstet Gynaecol 2002;109:355-6
44. Riddle DL, Freburger JK: Evaluation of the presence of sacroiliac joint region dysfunction using a combination of tests: a multicenter intertester reliability study. Phys Ther 2002;82:772-81
45. Levangie PK: The association between static pelvic asymmetry and low back pain. Spine 1999;24:1234-42
46. van der Wurff P, Hagmeijer RH, Meyne W: Clinical tests of the sacroiliac joint. A systemic methodological review. Part 1: reliability. Man Ther 2000;5:30-6
47. Kokmeyer DJ, van der Wurff P, Aufdemkampe G, et al: The reliability of multitest regimens with sacroiliac pain provocation tests. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2002;25:42-8
48. Dreyfuss P, Michaelsen M, Pauza K, et al: The value of medical history and physical examination in diagnosing sacroiliac joint pain. Spine 1996;21:2594-602
49. Laslett M: The value of the physical examination in diagnosis of painful sacroiliac joint pathologies. Spine 1998;23:962-4
50. Young S, Aprill C, Laslett M: Correlation of clinical examination characteristics with three sources of chronic low back pain. Spine J 2003;3:460-5
51. Maigne JY, Aivaliklis A, Pfefer F: Results of sacroiliac joint double block and value of sacroiliac pain provocation tests in 54 patients with low back pain. Spine 151996;21:1889-92
52. Tanner J: Sacroiliac joint pain. Spine 151997;22:1673-4
53. Elgafy HS, Hassan B, Ebraheim Nabil A, et al: Computed tomography findings in patients with sacroiliac pain Clin Orthop Related Res 2001;(382):112-8
54. Muche B, Bollow M, Francois RJ, et al. Anatomic structures involved in early- and late-stage sacroiliitis in spondylarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:1374-84
55. Braun J, Bollow M, Seyrekbasan F, et al: Computed tomography guided corticosteroid injection of the sacroiliac joint in patients with spondyloarthropathy with sacroiliitis: clinical outcome and followup by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. J Rheumatol 1996;23:659-64
56. Maldjian C, Mesgarzadeh M, Tehranzadeh J: Diagnostic and therapeutic features of facet and sacroiliac joint injection. Anatomy, pathophysiology, and technique. Radiol Clin North Am May 1998;36:497-508
57. Bollow M, Braun J, Taupitz M, et al: CT-guided intraarticular corticosteroid injection into the sacroiliac joints in patients with spondyloarthropathy: indication and follow-up with contrast-enhanced MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1996;20:512-21
58. Pekkafahli MZ, Kiralp MZ, Basekim CC, et al: Sacroiliac joint injections performed with sonographic guidance. J Ultrasound Med Jun 2003;22:553-9
59. Rosenberg JM, Quint TJ, de Rosayro AM: Computerized tomographic localization of clinically-guided sacroiliac joint injections. Clin J Pain 2000;16:18-21
60. Fortin JD, Dwyer AP, West S, et al: Sacroiliac joint: pain referral maps upon applying a new injection/arthrography technique. Part I: Asymptomatic volunteers. Spine 1994;19:1475-82
61. Dreyfuss P, Dreyer SJ, Cole A, et al: Sacroiliac joint pain. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2004;12:255-65
62. Fortin JD, Washington WJ, Falco FJ: Three pathways between the sacroiliac joint and neural structures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:1429-34
63. Maugars Y, Mathis C, Vilon P, et al: Corticosteroid injection of the sacroiliac joint in patients with seronegative spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum 1992;35:564-8
64. Karabacakoglu AK AK, Karakose S, Ozerbil OM, et al: Fluoroscopy-guided intraarticular corticosteroid injection into the sacroiliac joints in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Acta Radiol 2002;43:425-7
65. Katz V, Schofferman J, Reynolds J: The sacroiliac joint: a potential cause of pain after lumbar fusion to the sacrum. J Spinal Disord Tech Feb2003;16:96-9
66. Williams MJ: Local anesthetics, in Raj PP (ed): Pain Medicine: A Comprehensive Review St. Louis, MO, Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1996, pp 162-76
67. Dreyer SJ: Commonly used medications in pain procedures, in Lennard TA (ed): Pain procedures in clinical practice. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Hanley & Belfus, 2000, pp 1-9
68. Schwarzer ACA, C.N, Derby R, et al: The false positive rate of uncontrolled diagnostic blocks of the lumbar zygapophysial joints. Pain 1994;58:195-200
69. Fortin JD, Aprill CN, Ponthieux B, et al: Sacroiliac joint: pain referral maps upon applying a new injection/arthrography technique. Part II: Clinical evaluation. Spine 1994;19:1483-9
70. Ebraheim NA, Mekhail AO, Wiley WF, et al: Radiology of the sacroiliac joint. Spine 1997;22:869-76
71. Dussault RG, Kaplan PA, Anderson MW: Fluoroscopy-guided sacroiliac joint injections. Radiology 2000;214:273-7
72. Prather H: Sacroiliac joint pain: Practical management. Clin J Sport Med 2003;13:252-5
73. Tullberg T, Blomberg S, Branth B, et al: Manipulation does not alter the position of the sacroiliac joint. A roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. Spine. 1998;23:1124-8 discussion 1129
74. Ferrante FM, King LF, Roche EA, et al: Radiofrequency sacroiliac joint denervation for sacroiliac syndrome. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001;26:137-42
75. Chakraverty R, Dias R: Audit of conservative management of chronic low back pain in a secondary care setting-part I: facet joint and sacroiliac joint interventions. Acupunct Med 2004;22:207-13
76. Ahadian F: Pulsed radiofrequency neurotomy: Advances in pain medicine. Current Pain Headache Rep 2004;8:34-40
77. Calvillo O, Skaribas I, Turnipseed J: Anatomy and pathophysiology of the sacroiliac joint. Curr Rev Pain 2000;4:356-61
78. Srejic U, Calvillo O, Kabakibou K: Viscosupplementation: a new concept in the treatment of sacroiliac joint syndrome: a preliminary report of four cases. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1999;24:84-8
79. Hanly JG, Mitchell M, MacMillan L, et al: Efficacy of sacroiliac corticosteroid injections in patients with inflammatory spondyloarthropathy: results of a 6 month controlled study. J Rheumatol 2000;27:719-22
80. Maugars Y, Mathis C, Berthelot JM, et al: Assessment of the efficacy of sacroiliac corticosteroid injections in spondylarthropathies: A double-blind study. Br J Rheumatol 1996;35:767-70
81. Luukkainen R, Nissila M, Asikainen E, et al: Periarticular corticosteroid treatment of the sacroiliac joint in patients with seronegative spondylarthropathy. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1999;17:88-90
82. Slipman CW, Lipetz JS, Plastaras CT, et al: Fluoroscopically guided therapeutic sacroiliac joint injections for sacroiliac joint syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2001;80:425-32
83. Luukkainen RK, Wennerstrand PV, Kautiainen HH, et al: Efficacy of periarticular corticosteroid treatment of the sacroiliac joint in non-spondylarthropathic patients with chronic low back pain in the region of the sacroiliac joint. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002;20:52-4
84. Waisbrod H, Krainick JU, Gerbershagen HU: Sacroiliac joint arthrodesis for chronic lower back pain. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1987;106:238-40