메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 86, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 5221-5229

Tracking viral evolution during a disease outbreak: The rapid and complete selective sweep of a circovirus in the endangered echo parakeet

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SINGLE STRANDED DNA; VIRUS DNA;

EID: 84861325281     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: 10985514     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.06504-11     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (64)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0036272936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and power of Bayes prediction of amino acid sites under positive selection
    • Anisimova M, Bielawski JP, Yang Z. 2002. Accuracy and power of Bayes prediction of amino acid sites under positive selection. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19:950-958.
    • (2002) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.19 , pp. 950-958
    • Anisimova, M.1    Bielawski, J.P.2    Yang, Z.3
  • 2
    • 58449116673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating protein-coding sequence evolution with probabilistic codon substitution models
    • Anisimova M, Kosiol C. 2009. Investigating protein-coding sequence evolution with probabilistic codon substitution models. Mol. Biol. Evol. 26:255-271.
    • (2009) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.26 , pp. 255-271
    • Anisimova, M.1    Kosiol, C.2
  • 3
    • 0032582052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psittacine beak and feather disease virus nucleotide sequence analysis and its relationship to porcine circovirus, plant circoviruses, and chicken anaemia virus
    • Bassami MR, Berryman D, Wilcox GE, Raidal SR. 1998. Psittacine beak and feather disease virus nucleotide sequence analysis and its relationship to porcine circovirus, plant circoviruses, and chicken anaemia virus. Virology 249:453-459.
    • (1998) Virology , vol.249 , pp. 453-459
    • Bassami, M.R.1    Berryman, D.2    Wilcox, G.E.3    Raidal, S.R.4
  • 4
    • 0035864285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity of beak and feather disease virus detected in psittacine species in Australia
    • Bassami MR, Ypelaar I, Berryman D, Wilcox GE, Raidal SR. 2001. Genetic diversity of beak and feather disease virus detected in psittacine species in Australia. Virology 279:392-400.
    • (2001) Virology , vol.279 , pp. 392-400
    • Bassami, M.R.1    Ypelaar, I.2    Berryman, D.3    Wilcox, G.E.4    Raidal, S.R.5
  • 5
    • 0033609141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission bottlenecks as determinants of virulence in rapidly evolving pathogens
    • Bergstrom CT, McElhany P, Real LA. 1999. Transmission bottlenecks as determinants of virulence in rapidly evolving pathogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96:5095-5100.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.96 , pp. 5095-5100
    • Bergstrom, C.T.1    McElhany, P.2    Real, L.A.3
  • 7
    • 51449113044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capturing escape in infectious disease dynamics
    • Cobey S, Koelle K. 2008. Capturing escape in infectious disease dynamics. Trends Ecol. Evol. 23:572-577.
    • (2008) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.23 , pp. 572-577
    • Cobey, S.1    Koelle, K.2
  • 8
    • 84861312619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fitness effects of synonymous mutations in DNA and RNA viruses
    • Cuevas JM, Domingo-Calap P, Sanjuán R. 2012. The fitness effects of synonymous mutations in DNA and RNA viruses. Mol. Biol. Evol. 29:17-20.
    • (2012) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.29 , pp. 17-20
    • Cuevas, J.M.1    Domingo-Calap, P.2    Sanjuán, R.3
  • 9
    • 11244264436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the beak and feather disease viral genome indicates the existence of several genotypes which have a complex psittacine host specificity
    • de Kloet E, de Kloet SR. 2004. Analysis of the beak and feather disease viral genome indicates the existence of several genotypes which have a complex psittacine host specificity. Arch. Virol. 149:2393-2412.
    • (2004) Arch. Virol. , vol.149 , pp. 2393-2412
    • de Kloet, E.1    de Kloet, S.R.2
  • 10
    • 77957233168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Datamonkey 2010 a suite of phylogenetic analysis tools for evolutionary biology
    • Delport W, Poon AF, Frost SDW, Pond SLK. 2010. Datamonkey 2010: a suite of phylogenetic analysis tools for evolutionary biology. Bioinformatics 26:2455-2457.
    • (2010) Bioinformatics , vol.26 , pp. 2455-2457
    • Delport, W.1    Poon, A.F.2    Frost, S.D.W.3    Pond, S.L.K.4
  • 11
    • 67449156354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHC standing genetic variation and pathogen resistance in wild Atlantic salmon
    • Dionne M, Miller KM, Dodson JJ, Bernatchez L. 2009. MHC standing genetic variation and pathogen resistance in wild Atlantic salmon. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 364:1555-1565.
    • (2009) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.364 , pp. 1555-1565
    • Dionne, M.1    Miller, K.M.2    Dodson, J.J.3    Bernatchez, L.4
  • 12
    • 38649110663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees
    • Drummond AJ, Rambaut A. 2007. BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evol. Biol. 7:1-8.
    • (2007) BMC Evol. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 1-8
    • Drummond, A.J.1    Rambaut, A.2
  • 13
    • 17744381574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian coalescent inference of past population dynamics from molecular sequences
    • Drummond AJ, Rambaut A, Shapiro B, Pybus OG. 2005. Bayesian coalescent inference of past population dynamics from molecular sequences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:1185-1192.
    • (2005) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.22 , pp. 1185-1192
    • Drummond, A.J.1    Rambaut, A.2    Shapiro, B.3    Pybus, O.G.4
  • 14
    • 67649224497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of high rates of nucleotide substitution in geminiviruses: phylogenetic evidence from East African cassava mosaic viruses
    • Duffy S, Holmes EC. 2009. Validation of high rates of nucleotide substitution in geminiviruses: phylogenetic evidence from East African cassava mosaic viruses. J. Gen. Virol. 90:1539-1547.
    • (2009) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.90 , pp. 1539-1547
    • Duffy, S.1    Holmes, E.C.2
  • 15
    • 40849097775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of evolutionary change in viruses: patterns and determinants
    • Duffy S, Shackelton LA, Holmes EC. 2008. Rates of evolutionary change in viruses: patterns and determinants. Nat. Rev. Genet. 9:267-276.
    • (2008) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.9 , pp. 267-276
    • Duffy, S.1    Shackelton, L.A.2    Holmes, E.C.3
  • 17
    • 7444259508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two amino acid mutations in the capsid protein of type 2 porcine circovirus (PCV2) enhanced PCV2 replication in vitro and attenuated the virus in vivo
    • Fenaux M, Opriessnig T, Halbur PG, Elvinger F, Meng XJ. 2004. Two amino acid mutations in the capsid protein of type 2 porcine circovirus (PCV2) enhanced PCV2 replication in vitro and attenuated the virus in vivo. J. Virol. 78:13440-13446.
    • (2004) J. Virol. , vol.78 , pp. 13440-13446
    • Fenaux, M.1    Opriessnig, T.2    Halbur, P.G.3    Elvinger, F.4    Meng, X.J.5
  • 18
    • 0002971261 scopus 로고
    • Circoviridae-psittacine beak and feather disease virus
    • Ritchie BW, Harrison GT, Harrison LR (ed), Wingers Publishing, Inc, Lake Worth, FL
    • Gerlach H. 1994. Circoviridae-psittacine beak and feather disease virus, p 894-903. In Ritchie BW, Harrison GT, Harrison LR (ed), Avian medicine: principles and practice. Wingers Publishing, Inc, Lake Worth, FL.
    • (1994) Avian medicine: principles and practice , pp. 894-903
    • Gerlach, H.1
  • 19
    • 0028168856 scopus 로고
    • Codon-based model of nucleotide-based substitution for protein-coding DNA sequences
    • Goldman N, Yang Z. 1994. Codon-based model of nucleotide-based substitution for protein-coding DNA sequences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 11:725-736.
    • (1994) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.11 , pp. 725-736
    • Goldman, N.1    Yang, Z.2
  • 20
    • 37349023134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A point mutation in a Herpesvirus polymerase determines neuropathogenicity
    • Goodman LB, et al. 2007. A point mutation in a Herpesvirus polymerase determines neuropathogenicity. PLoS Pathog. 3:1583-1592.
    • (2007) PLoS Pathog , vol.3 , pp. 1583-1592
    • Goodman, L.B.1
  • 23
    • 4143147435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of unique genotypes of beak and feather disease virus in southern Africa
    • Heath LD, et al. 2004. Evidence of unique genotypes of beak and feather disease virus in southern Africa. J. Virol. 78:9277-9284.
    • (2004) J. Virol. , vol.78 , pp. 9277-9284
    • Heath, L.D.1
  • 24
    • 33745769265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The capsid protein of beak and feather disease virus binds to the viral DNA and is responsible for transporting the replication-associated protein into the nucleus
    • Heath LD, Williamson A-L, Rybicki EP. 2006. The capsid protein of beak and feather disease virus binds to the viral DNA and is responsible for transporting the replication-associated protein into the nucleus. J. Virol. 80:7219-7225.
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 7219-7225
    • Heath, L.D.1    Williamson, A.-L.2    Rybicki, E.P.3
  • 26
    • 0026748738 scopus 로고
    • Conserved sequence motifs in the initiator proteins for rolling circleDNAreplication encoded by diverse replicons from eubacteria, eukaryotes, and archaebacteria
    • Ilyina TV, Koonin EV. 1992. Conserved sequence motifs in the initiator proteins for rolling circleDNAreplication encoded by diverse replicons from eubacteria, eukaryotes, and archaebacteria. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:3279-3285.
    • (1992) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.20 , pp. 3279-3285
    • Ilyina, T.V.1    Koonin, E.V.2
  • 27
    • 33646138485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome of a novel circovirus of starlings, amplified by multiply primed rolling-circle amplification
    • Johne R, Fernandez-de-Luco D, Hofle U, Muller H. 2006. Genome of a novel circovirus of starlings, amplified by multiply primed rolling-circle amplification. J. Gen. Virol. 87:1189-1195.
    • (2006) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.87 , pp. 1189-1195
    • Johne, R.1    Fernandez-de-Luco, D.2    Hofle, U.3    Muller, H.4
  • 28
    • 0000928738 scopus 로고
    • The larger land-birds of Mauritius
    • Diamond AW (ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom
    • Jones CG. 1987. The larger land-birds of Mauritius, p 208-301. In Diamond AW (ed), Studies of Mascarene island birds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    • (1987) Studies of Mascarene island birds , pp. 208-301
    • Jones, C.G.1
  • 30
    • 33751425709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity of the rep gene of beak and feather disease virus in South Africa
    • Kondiah K, Albertyn J, Bragg RR. 2006. Genetic diversity of the rep gene of beak and feather disease virus in South Africa. Arch. Virol. 151:2539-2545.
    • (2006) Arch. Virol. , vol.151 , pp. 2539-2545
    • Kondiah, K.1    Albertyn, J.2    Bragg, R.R.3
  • 31
    • 69249176163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for negative frequency-dependent selection during experimental coevolution of a freshwater snail and a sterilizing trematode
    • Koskella B, Lively CM. 2009. Evidence for negative frequency-dependent selection during experimental coevolution of a freshwater snail and a sterilizing trematode. Evolution 63:2213-2221.
    • (2009) Evolution , vol.63 , pp. 2213-2221
    • Koskella, B.1    Lively, C.M.2
  • 32
    • 36448991500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clustal W and Clustal X version 2 0
    • Larkin MA, et al. 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23:2947-2948.
    • (2007) Bioinformatics , vol.23 , pp. 2947-2948
    • Larkin, M.A.1
  • 33
    • 0025461554 scopus 로고
    • Extracutaneous viral inclusions in psittacine beak and feather disease
    • Latimer KS, et al. 1990. Extracutaneous viral inclusions in psittacine beak and feather disease. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 2:204-207.
    • (1990) J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. , vol.2 , pp. 204-207
    • Latimer, K.S.1
  • 34
    • 0031964179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a protein essential for replication of porcine circovirus
    • Mankertz A, Mankertz J, Wolf K, Buhk HJ. 1998. Identification of a protein essential for replication of porcine circovirus. J. Gen. Virol. 79: 381-384.
    • (1998) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.79 , pp. 381-384
    • Mankertz, A.1    Mankertz, J.2    Wolf, K.3    Buhk, H.J.4
  • 36
    • 0016220238 scopus 로고
    • The hitch-hiking effect of a favorable gene
    • Maynard-Smith J, Haigh J. 1974. The hitch-hiking effect of a favorable gene. Genet. Res. 23:23-35.
    • (1974) Genet. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 23-35
    • Maynard-Smith, J.1    Haigh, J.2
  • 37
    • 33645229143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Porcine circovirus 2 uses heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate B glycosaminoglycans as receptors for its attachment to host cells
    • Misinzo G, Delputte PL, Meerts P, Lefebvre DJ, Nauwynck HJ. 2006. Porcine circovirus 2 uses heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate B glycosaminoglycans as receptors for its attachment to host cells. J. Virol. 80:3487-3494.
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 3487-3494
    • Misinzo, G.1    Delputte, P.L.2    Meerts, P.3    Lefebvre, D.J.4    Nauwynck, H.J.5
  • 38
    • 0031660490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beak and feather disease virus and porcine circovirus genomes: intermediates between the geminiviruses and plant circoviruses
    • Niagro FD, et al. 1998. Beak and feather disease virus and porcine circovirus genomes: intermediates between the geminiviruses and plant circoviruses. Arch. Virol. 143:1723-1744.
    • (1998) Arch. Virol. , vol.143 , pp. 1723-1744
    • Niagro, F.D.1
  • 39
    • 4544245469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive selection of synonymous mutations in vesicular stomatitis virus
    • Novella IS, Zárate S, Metzger D, Ebendick-Corpus BE. 2004. Positive selection of synonymous mutations in vesicular stomatitis virus. J. Mol. Biol. 342:1415-1421.
    • (2004) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.342 , pp. 1415-1421
    • Novella, I.S.1    Zárate, S.2    Metzger, D.3    Ebendick-Corpus, B.E.4
  • 40
    • 66149086564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliabilities of identifying positive selection by the branch-site and the site-prediction methods
    • Nozawa M, Suzuki Y, Nei M. 2009. Reliabilities of identifying positive selection by the branch-site and the site-prediction methods. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106:6700-6705.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.106 , pp. 6700-6705
    • Nozawa, M.1    Suzuki, Y.2    Nei, M.3
  • 41
    • 0021390986 scopus 로고
    • The pathology of psittacine beak and feather disease
    • Pass DA, Perry RA. 1984. The pathology of psittacine beak and feather disease. Aust. Vet. J. 61:69-74.
    • (1984) Aust. Vet. J. , vol.61 , pp. 69-74
    • Pass, D.A.1    Perry, R.A.2
  • 42
    • 0038133117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon bias and frequency-dependent selection on the hemagglutinin epitopes of influenza A virus
    • Plotkin JB, Dushoff J. 2003. Codon bias and frequency-dependent selection on the hemagglutinin epitopes of influenza A virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100:7152-7157.
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.100 , pp. 7152-7157
    • Plotkin, J.B.1    Dushoff, J.2
  • 43
    • 17744396121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not so different after all: a comparison of methods for detecting amino acids under selection
    • Pond SLK, Frost SDW. 2005. Not so different after all: a comparison of methods for detecting amino acids under selection. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22: 1208-1222.
    • (2005) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.22 , pp. 1208-1222
    • Pond, S.L.K.1    Frost, S.D.W.2
  • 45
    • 80155187383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A random effects branch-site model for detecting episodic diversifying selection
    • Pond SLK, et al. 2011. A random effects branch-site model for detecting episodic diversifying selection. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28:3033-3043.
    • (2011) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.28 , pp. 3033-3043
    • Pond, S.L.K.1
  • 46
    • 45849154165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging
    • Posada D. 2008. jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Mol. Biol. Evol. 25:1253-1256.
    • (2008) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.25 , pp. 1253-1256
    • Posada, D.1
  • 47
    • 0028987609 scopus 로고
    • Pathogen-based models favoring MHC genetic diversity
    • Potts WK, Slev PR. 1995. Pathogen-based models favoring MHC genetic diversity. Immunol. Rev. 143:181-197.
    • (1995) Immunol. Rev. , vol.143 , pp. 181-197
    • Potts, W.K.1    Slev, P.R.2
  • 48
    • 38749105103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of beak and feather disease virus DNA in embryonated eggs of psittacine birds
    • Rahaus M, et al. 2008. Detection of beak and feather disease virus DNA in embryonated eggs of psittacine birds. Vet. Med. 1:53-58.
    • (2008) Vet. Med. , vol.1 , pp. 53-58
    • Rahaus, M.1
  • 49
    • 84872211108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic consequences of intensive conservation management for the Mauritius parakeet
    • in press
    • Raisin C, et al. Genetic consequences of intensive conservation management for the Mauritius parakeet. Conserv. Genet., in press.
    • Conserv. Genet
    • Raisin, C.1
  • 51
    • 0025409099 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural, protein composition, and antigenic comparison of psittacine beak and feather disease virus purified from four genera of psittacine birds
    • Ritchie BW, et al. 1990. Ultrastructural, protein composition, and antigenic comparison of psittacine beak and feather disease virus purified from four genera of psittacine birds. J. Wildl. Dis. 26:196-203.
    • (1990) J. Wildl. Dis. , vol.26 , pp. 196-203
    • Ritchie, B.W.1
  • 52
    • 0024706763 scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of a new virus from cockatoos with psittacine beak and feather disease
    • Ritchie BW, Niagro FD, Lukert PD, Steffens WL, Latimer KS. 1989. Characterisation of a new virus from cockatoos with psittacine beak and feather disease. Virology 171:83-88.
    • (1989) Virology , vol.171 , pp. 83-88
    • Ritchie, B.W.1    Niagro, F.D.2    Lukert, P.D.3    Steffens, W.L.4    Latimer, K.S.5
  • 53
    • 67449101824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive mutations resulting in enhanced polymerase activity contribute to high virulence of influenza A virus in mice
    • Rolling T, et al. 2009. Adaptive mutations resulting in enhanced polymerase activity contribute to high virulence of influenza A virus in mice. J. Virol. 83:6673-6680.
    • (2009) J. Virol. , vol.83 , pp. 6673-6680
    • Rolling, T.1
  • 55
    • 33645229142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic evidence for the rapid evolution of human B19 erythrovirus
    • Shackelton LA, Holmes EC. 2006. Phylogenetic evidence for the rapid evolution of human B19 erythrovirus. J. Virol. 80:3666-3669.
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 3666-3669
    • Shackelton, L.A.1    Holmes, E.C.2
  • 57
    • 38349053101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beak and feather disease virus infection in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)
    • Shearer P, Bonne N, Clark P, Sharp M, Raidal SR. 2008. Beak and feather disease virus infection in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). Avian Pathol. 37:75-81.
    • (2008) Avian Pathol , vol.37 , pp. 75-81
    • Shearer, P.1    Bonne, N.2    Clark, P.3    Sharp, M.4    Raidal, S.R.5
  • 58
    • 43349101238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioinformatic and functional analysis of RNA secondary structure elements among different genera of human and animal caliciviruses
    • Simmonds P, et al. 2008. Bioinformatic and functional analysis of RNA secondary structure elements among different genera of human and animal caliciviruses. Nucleic Acids Res. 36:2530-2546.
    • (2008) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.36 , pp. 2530-2546
    • Simmonds, P.1
  • 59
    • 33745288811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of nicking/joining activity at the origin of DNA replication associated with the Rep and Rep= proteins of porcine circovirus type 1
    • Steinfeldt T, Finsterbusch T, Mankertz A. 2006. Demonstration of nicking/joining activity at the origin of DNA replication associated with the Rep and Rep= proteins of porcine circovirus type 1. J. Virol. 80:6225-6234.
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 6225-6234
    • Steinfeldt, T.1    Finsterbusch, T.2    Mankertz, A.3
  • 60
    • 75149150388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TreeGraph 2 combining and visualizing evidence from different phylogenetic analyses
    • Stover B, Muller K. 2010. TreeGraph 2: combining and visualizing evidence from different phylogenetic analyses. BMC Bioinform. 11:7.
    • (2010) BMC Bioinform , vol.11 , pp. 7
    • Stover, B.1    Muller, K.2
  • 62
    • 0033673326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circoviruses: immunosuppressive threats to avian species: a review
    • Todd D. 2000. Circoviruses: immunosuppressive threats to avian species: a review. Avian Pathol. 29:373-394.
    • (2000) Avian Pathol , vol.29 , pp. 373-394
    • Todd, D.1
  • 63
    • 1642493604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian circovirus diseases: lessons for the study of PMWS
    • Todd D. 2004. Avian circovirus diseases: lessons for the study of PMWS. Vet. Microbiol. 98:169-174.
    • (2004) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.98 , pp. 169-174
    • Todd, D.1
  • 64
    • 34547803197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PAML4: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood
    • Yang Z. 2007. PAML4: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24:1586-1591.
    • (2007) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.24 , pp. 1586-1591
    • Yang, Z.1
  • 65
    • 0032867185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A universal polymerase chain reaction for the detection of psittacine beak and feather disease virus
    • Ypelaar I, Bassami MR, Wilcox GE, Raidal SR. 1999. A universal polymerase chain reaction for the detection of psittacine beak and feather disease virus. Vet. Microbiol. 68:141-148.
    • (1999) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.68 , pp. 141-148
    • Ypelaar, I.1    Bassami, M.R.2    Wilcox, G.E.3    Raidal, S.R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.