메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 154-162

Management of smell dysfunction

Author keywords

Anosmia; Chemoreception; Dysosmia; Emotions; Flavor; Hyposmia; Kakosmia; Nasal obstruction; Nasal polyps; Nasal steroids; Neuroepithelium; Neuroregeneration; Olfactometry; Olfactory bulb; Olfactory nerve; Olfactory receptor; Oral steroid; Parosmia; Phantosmia; Quality of life; Rhinosinusitis; Sinus surgery; Smell dysfunction; Smell test; Topical steroids; Treatment; Troposmia

Indexed keywords

AZITHROMYCIN; GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT; GLUCOCORTICOID; MACROLIDE; MINOCYCLINE; PLACEBO; STEROID; VITAMIN B GROUP; ZINC;

EID: 84861234385     PISSN: 15297322     EISSN: 15346315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-012-0248-5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 79954606181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shared and unique G alpha proteins in the zebrafish versus mammalian senses of taste and smell
    • Oka Y, Korsching SI. Shared and unique G alpha proteins in the zebrafish versus mammalian senses of taste and smell. Chem Senses. 2011;36:357-65.
    • (2011) Chem Senses. , vol.36 , pp. 357-365
    • Oka, Y.1    Korsching, S.I.2
  • 3
    • 79956297634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fossil evidence on origin of the mammalian brain
    • Rowe TB, Macrini TE, Luo ZX. Fossil evidence on origin of the mammalian brain. Science. 2011;332:955-7.
    • (2011) Science. , vol.332 , pp. 955-957
    • Rowe, T.B.1    MacRini, T.E.2    Luo, Z.X.3
  • 4
    • 79951505117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory lateralization in homing pigeons: A GPS study on birds released with unilateral olfactory inputs
    • Gagliardo A, Filannino C, Ioalè P, et al. Olfactory lateralization in homing pigeons: a GPS study on birds released with unilateral olfactory inputs. J Exp Biol. 2011;214:593-8.
    • (2011) J Exp Biol. , vol.214 , pp. 593-598
    • Gagliardo, A.1    Filannino, C.2    Ioalè, P.3
  • 5
    • 78650678185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological mechanism of homing migration in Pacific salmon from behavioral to molecular biological approaches
    • Ueda H. Physiological mechanism of homing migration in Pacific salmon from behavioral to molecular biological approaches. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2011;170:222-32.
    • (2011) Gen Comp Endocrinol. , vol.170 , pp. 222-232
    • Ueda, H.1
  • 6
    • 78651464221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in olfactory signaling
    • Stowers L, Logan DW. Sexual dimorphism in olfactory signaling. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2010;20:770-5.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Neurobiol. , vol.20 , pp. 770-775
    • Stowers, L.1    Logan, D.W.2
  • 7
    • 63049132176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The olfactory system and its disorders
    • Doty RL. The olfactory system and its disorders. Semin Neurol. 2009;29:74-81.
    • (2009) Semin Neurol. , vol.29 , pp. 74-81
    • Doty, R.L.1
  • 8
    • 83755163586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic emotions elicited by odors and pictures
    • Croy I, Olgun S, Joraschky P. Basic emotions elicited by odors and pictures. Emotion. 2011;11:1331-5.
    • (2011) Emotion. , vol.11 , pp. 1331-1335
    • Croy, I.1    Olgun, S.2    Joraschky, P.3
  • 9
    • 84856577902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Just noticeable difference in olfaction: A discriminative tool between healthy elderly and patients with cognitive disorders associated with dementia
    • Chopard G, Galmiche J, Jacquot L, Brand G. Just noticeable difference in olfaction: a discriminative tool between healthy elderly and patients with cognitive disorders associated with dementia. Rhinology. 2011;49:513-8.
    • (2011) Rhinology. , vol.49 , pp. 513-518
    • Chopard, G.1    Galmiche, J.2    Jacquot, L.3    Brand, G.4
  • 10
    • 80052416157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory impairment in older adults is associated with depressive symptoms and poorer quality of life scores
    • Gopinath B, Anstey KJ, Sue CM, Kifley A, Mitchell P. Olfactory impairment in older adults is associated with depressive symptoms and poorer quality of life scores. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011;19:830-4.
    • (2011) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. , vol.19 , pp. 830-834
    • Gopinath, B.1    Anstey, K.J.2    Sue, C.M.3    Kifley, A.4    Mitchell, P.5
  • 11
    • 78049508421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cell biology of smell
    • DeMaria S, Ngai J. The cell biology of smell. J Cell Biol. 2010;191:443-52.
    • (2010) J Cell Biol. , vol.191 , pp. 443-452
    • Demaria, S.1    Ngai, J.2
  • 13
    • 66049086534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory cilia: Linking sensory cilia function and human disease
    • Ienkins PM, McEwen DP, Martens JR. Olfactory cilia: linking sensory cilia function and human disease. Chem Senses. 2009;34:451-64.
    • (2009) Chem Senses. , vol.34 , pp. 451-464
    • Ienkins, P.M.1    McEwen, D.P.2    Martens, J.R.3
  • 14
    • 0025825726 scopus 로고
    • A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: A molecular basis for odor recognition
    • Buck L, Axel R. A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition. Cell. 1991;65:175-87. (Pubitemid 121001224)
    • (1991) Cell , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 175-187
    • Buck, L.1    Axel, R.2
  • 15
    • 0033525727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combinatorial receptor codes for odors
    • Malnic B, Hirono J, Sato T, Buck LB. Combinatorial receptor codes for odors. Cell. 1999;96:713-23. (Pubitemid 29122813)
    • (1999) Cell , vol.96 , Issue.5 , pp. 713-723
    • Malnic, B.1    Hirono, J.2    Sato, T.3    Buck, L.B.4
  • 16
    • 67651071509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New concepts of neural regulation in human nasal mucosa
    • Baraniuk JN, Merck SJ. New concepts of neural regulation in human nasal mucosa. Acta Clin Croat. 2009;48:65-73. This is an excellent review on nasal physiology and function of TRP proteins in the respiratory system and sensing environment.
    • (2009) Acta Clin Croat. , vol.48 , pp. 65-73
    • Baraniuk, J.N.1    Merck, S.J.2
  • 17
    • 79959874844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory maps in the brain
    • Murthy VN. Olfactory maps in the brain. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2011;34:233-58.
    • (2011) Annu Rev Neurosci. , vol.34 , pp. 233-258
    • Murthy, V.N.1
  • 18
    • 79960968561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualizing odor representation in the brain: A review of imaging techniques for the mapping of sensory activity in the olfactory glomeruli
    • Pain F, L'heureux B, Gurden H. Visualizing odor representation in the brain: a review of imaging techniques for the mapping of sensory activity in the olfactory glomeruli. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2011;68:2689-709.
    • (2011) Cell Mol Life Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 2689-2709
    • Pain, F.1    L'Heureux, B.2    Gurden, H.3
  • 19
    • 27944461858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computation in the olfactory system
    • DOI 10.1093/chemse/bji072
    • Cleland TA, Linster C. Computation in the olfactory system. Chem Senses. 2005;30:801-13. (Pubitemid 41672221)
    • (2005) Chemical Senses , vol.30 , Issue.9 , pp. 801-813
    • Cleland, T.A.1    Linster, C.2
  • 20
    • 0021708157 scopus 로고
    • Smell identification ability: Changes with age
    • Doty RL, Shaman P, Applebaum SL, et al. Smell identification ability: changes with age. Science. 1984;226:1441-3. (Pubitemid 15161278)
    • (1984) Science , vol.226 , Issue.4681 , pp. 1441-1443
    • Doty, R.L.1    Shaman, P.2    Applebaum, S.L.3
  • 22
    • 3843056006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction: The Skövde population-based study
    • DOI 10.1097/00005537-200404000-00026
    • Brämerson A, Johansson L, Ek L, Nordin S, Bende M. Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction: the Skövde population-based study. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:733-7. (Pubitemid 38548788)
    • (2004) Laryngoscope , vol.114 , Issue.4 , pp. 733-737
    • Bramerson, A.1    Johansson, L.2    Ek, L.3    Nordin, S.4    Bende, M.5
  • 23
    • 79953092553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory impairment in older adults: Five-year incidence and risk factors
    • Schubert CR, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BE, Klein R, Nondahl DM. Olfactory impairment in older adults: five-year incidence and risk factors. Laryngoscope. 2011;121:873-8. This is a recent study evaluating risk factors for olfactory impairment and indicating some protective measures in the older adult population.
    • (2011) Laryngoscope. , vol.121 , pp. 873-878
    • Schubert, C.R.1    Cruickshanks, K.J.2    Klein, B.E.3    Klein, R.4    Nondahl, D.M.5
  • 24
    • 67650324069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory function and disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis
    • Litvack JR, Mace JC, Smith TL. Olfactory function and disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009;23:139-44. This is an important multicenter study of the relationship between severity of CRS measured by different subjective and objective tools and olfactory impairment in the population of surgical (more severe) patients; it also provides insight on the impact of dysosmia on quality of life in this subgroup of patients.
    • (2009) Am J Rhinol Allergy. , vol.23 , pp. 139-144
    • Litvack, J.R.1    MacE, J.C.2    Smith, T.L.3
  • 25
    • 79953122274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health-related and specific olfaction-related quality of life in patients with chronic functional anosmia or severe hyposmia
    • Neuland C, Bitter T, Marschner H, Gudziol H, Guntinas-Lichius O. Health-related and specific olfaction-related quality of life in patients with chronic functional anosmia or severe hyposmia. Laryngoscope. 2011;121:867-72. This is an important study in a big group of patients with different risk factors and phenotypes. It provides analysis of the impact of smell disorders on quality of life on a generic and olfaction-specific questionnaire, recognizing more vulnerable subgroups.
    • (2011) Laryngoscope. , vol.121 , pp. 867-872
    • Neuland, C.1    Bitter, T.2    Marschner, H.3    Gudziol, H.4    Guntinas-Lichius, O.5
  • 26
    • 62649148884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory bulb volume in the clinical assessment of olfactory dysfunction
    • Rombaux P, Duprez T, Hummel T. Olfactory bulb volume in the clinical assessment of olfactory dysfunction. Rhinology. 2009;47:3-9. This review paper points out some of the objective tools to explain the symptoms and severity of smell dysfunction.
    • (2009) Rhinology. , vol.47 , pp. 3-9
    • Rombaux, P.1    Duprez, T.2    Hummel, T.3
  • 27
    • 85006276880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic tools in rhinology
    • 1
    • Scadding G, Hellings P, Alobid I, et al. Diagnostic tools in rhinology. Clinical and Translational Allergy 2011, 1:2:1-39. http://www.ctajournal.com/ content/1/1/2. This is a comprehensive review paper analyzing advantages and disadvantages of all available smell tests.
    • (2011) Clinical and Translational Allergy , vol.2 , pp. 1-39
    • Scadding, G.1    Hellings, P.2    Alobid, I.3
  • 29
    • 0038454526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related olfactory dysfunction: Cellular and molecular characterization in the rat
    • Conley DB, Robinson AM, Shinners MJ, Kern RC. Age-related olfactory dysfunction: cellular and molecular characterization in the rat. Am J Rhinol. 2003;17:169-75. (Pubitemid 36889436)
    • (2003) American Journal of Rhinology , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 169-175
    • Conley, D.B.1    Robinson, A.M.2    Shinners, M.J.3    Kern, R.C.4
  • 31
    • 0032459089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human olfactory bulb: Aging of glomeruli and mitral cells and a search for the accessory olfactory bulb
    • Meisami E, Mikhail L, Baim D, Bhatnagar KP. Human olfactory bulb: aging of glomeruli and mitral cells and a search for the accessory olfactory bulb. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;855:708-15. (Pubitemid 29110061)
    • (1998) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.855 , pp. 708-715
    • Meisami, E.1    Mikhail, L.2    Baim, D.3    Bhatnagar, K.P.4
  • 32
    • 0031835454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related size reduction of foramina in the cribriform plate
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(199807)251:3<326::AID-AR7>3.0.CO;2-T
    • Kalmey JK, Thewissen JG, Dluzen DE. Age-related size reduction of foramina in the cribriform plate. Anat Rec. 1998;251:326-9. (Pubitemid 28298500)
    • (1998) Anatomical Record , vol.251 , Issue.3 , pp. 326-329
    • Kalmey, J.K.1    Thewissen, J.G.M.2    Dluzen, D.E.3
  • 33
    • 79956146697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unawareness of olfactory dysfunction and its association with cognitive functioning in middle aged and old adults
    • Wehling E, Nordin S, Espeseth T, Reinvang I, Lundervold AJ. Unawareness of olfactory dysfunction and its association with cognitive functioning in middle aged and old adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2011;26:260-9. This is a study showing the interaction between the sensory and cognitive systems in middle-aged and older patients, including awareness of olfactory dysfunction.
    • (2011) Arch Clin Neuropsychol. , vol.26 , pp. 260-269
    • Wehling, E.1    Nordin, S.2    Espeseth, T.3    Reinvang, I.4    Lundervold, A.J.5
  • 35
    • 0025793258 scopus 로고
    • Smell and taste disorders, a study of 750 patients from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center
    • Deems DA, Doty RL, Settle RG, et al. Smell and taste disorders, a study of 750 patients from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1991;117:519-28.
    • (1991) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. , vol.117 , pp. 519-528
    • Deems, D.A.1    Doty, R.L.2    Settle, R.G.3
  • 36
    • 33645213677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of olfactory function following closed head injury or infections of the upper respiratory tract
    • Reden J, Mueller A, Mueller C, Konstantinidis I, Frasnelli, et al. Recovery of olfactory function following closed head injury or infections of the upper respiratory tract. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;132:265-9.
    • (2006) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. , vol.132 , pp. 265-269
    • Reden, J.1    Mueller, A.2    Mueller, C.3    Frasnelli, K.I.4
  • 37
    • 34447542269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps
    • Fokkens W, Lund V, Mullol J, et al. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Rhinology. 2007;Suppl 20:1-136.
    • (2007) Rhinology. , Issue.SUPPL. 20 , pp. 1-136
    • Fokkens, W.1    Lund, V.2    Mullol, J.3
  • 38
    • 0028815785 scopus 로고
    • Olfactory threshold and nasal mucosal changes in experimentally induced common cold
    • Akerlund A, Bende M, Murphy C. Olfactory threshold and nasal mucosal changes in experimentally induced common cold. Acta Otolaryngol. 1995;115:88-92.
    • (1995) Acta Otolaryngol. , vol.115 , pp. 88-92
    • Akerlund, A.1    Bende, M.2    Murphy, C.3
  • 39
    • 0033936610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic sinusitis and anosmia: Pathologic changes in the olfactory mucosa
    • Kern RC. Chronic sinusitis and anosmia: pathologic changes in the olfactory mucosa. Laryngoscope. 2000;110:1071-7. (Pubitemid 30439758)
    • (2000) Laryngoscope , vol.110 , Issue.7 , pp. 1071-1077
    • Kern, R.C.1
  • 40
    • 0035106034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfaction and its alteration by nasal obstruction, rhinitis, and rhinosinusitis
    • Doty RL, Mishra A. Olfaction and its alteration by nasal obstruction, rhinitis, and rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope. 2001;111:409-23. (Pubitemid 32200081)
    • (2001) Laryngoscope , vol.111 , Issue.3 , pp. 409-423
    • Doty, R.L.1    Mishra, A.2
  • 41
    • 58149332370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
    • Litvack JR, Fong K, Mace J, James KE, Smith TL. Predictors of olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope. 2008;118:2225-30.
    • (2008) Laryngoscope. , vol.118 , pp. 2225-2230
    • Litvack, J.R.1    Fong, K.2    MacE, J.3    James, K.E.4    Smith, T.L.5
  • 43
    • 38049129668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complaints of olfactory disorders: Epidemiology, assessment and clinical implications
    • Nordin S, Bramerson A. Complaints of olfactory disorders: epidemiology, assessment and clinical implications. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;8:10-5.
    • (2008) Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. , vol.8 , pp. 10-15
    • Nordin, S.1    Bramerson, A.2
  • 44
    • 9644294399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic sinusitis and olfactory dysfunction
    • DOI 10.1016/j.otc.2004.06.003, PII S0030666504001070
    • Raviv JR, Kern RC. Chronic sinusitis and olfactory dysfunction. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2004;37:1143-57. (Pubitemid 39572499)
    • (2004) Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America , vol.37 , Issue.6 SPEC. ISSUE , pp. 1143-1157
    • Raviv, J.R.1    Kern, R.C.2
  • 45
    • 34250681294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory dysfunction in nasal polyposis: Correlation with computed tomography findings
    • DOI 10.1159/000101543
    • Konstantinidis I, Triaridis S, Printza A, Vital, et al. Olfactory dysfunction in nasal polyposis: correlation with computed tomography findings. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2007;69:226-32. (Pubitemid 46934197)
    • (2007) ORL , vol.69 , Issue.4 , pp. 226-232
    • Konstantinidis, I.1    Triaridis, S.2    Printza, A.3    Vital, V.4    Ferekidis, E.5    Constantinidis, J.6
  • 48
    • 33744487382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal corticosteroids for nasal polyposis: Biological rationale, efficacy, and safety
    • DOI 10.2165/00151829-200605020-00003
    • Mygind N, Lund V. Intranasal corticosteroids for nasal polyposis: biological rationale, efficacy, and safety. Treat Respir Med. 2006;5:93-102. (Pubitemid 43803235)
    • (2006) Treatments in Respiratory Medicine , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 93-102
    • Mygind, N.1    Lund, V.2
  • 50
    • 79961014297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral steroids for nasal polyps
    • Art. No.: CD005232. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005232.pub3
    • Martinez-Devesa P, Patiar S. Oral steroids for nasal polyps. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD005232. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005232.pub3. This is an important meta-analysis of treatment of NP with steroids, including outcomes with regard to olfaction.
    • (2011) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Issue.7
    • Martinez-Devesa, P.1    Patiar, S.2
  • 51
    • 79952222553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis with oral steroids followed by topical steroids
    • Vaidyanathan S, Barnes M, Williamson P, et al. Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis with oral steroids followed by topical steroids. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:293-302. This study suggests a combined treatment modality for long-term control of NP
    • (2011) Ann Intern Med. , vol.154 , pp. 293-302
    • Vaidyanathan, S.1    Barnes, M.2    Williamson, P.3
  • 52
    • 0348230728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfaction in patients with nasal polyposis: Effects of systemic steroids and radical ethmoidectomy with middle turbinate resection (nasalisation)
    • Jankowski R, Bodino C. Olfaction in patients with nasal polyposis: effects of systemic steroids and radical ethmoidectomy with middle turbinate resection (nasalization). Rhinology. 2003;41:220-30. (Pubitemid 38028699)
    • (2003) Rhinology , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 220-230
    • Jankowski, R.1    Bodino, C.2
  • 54
    • 77952998030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic sinus surgery improves olfaction in nasal polyposis, a multi-center study
    • Olsson P, Stjarne P. Endoscopic sinus surgery improves olfaction in nasal polyposis, a multi-center study. Rhinology. 2010;48:150-5. This was an uncontrolled trial using several objective tests for olfactory function in patients and comparing pre- and postsurgical smell outcomes.
    • (2010) Rhinology. , vol.48 , pp. 150-155
    • Olsson, P.1    Stjarne, P.2
  • 55
    • 34147164059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the combined medical and surgical treatment in nasal polyposis. I: Functional results
    • DOI 10.1080/00016480600895078, PII 777051800
    • Bonfils P. Evaluation of the combined medical and surgical treatment in nasal polyposis. I: Functional results. Acta Otolaryngol. 2007;127:436-46. (Pubitemid 46572872)
    • (2007) Acta Oto-Laryngologica , vol.127 , Issue.4 , pp. 436-446
    • Bonfils, P.1
  • 57
    • 33744968488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfaction in rhinology - Methods of assessing the sense of smell
    • Simmen D, Briner HR. Olfaction in rhinology-methods of assessing the sense of smell. Rhinology. 2006;44:98-101. (Pubitemid 43862933)
    • (2006) Rhinology , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 98-101
    • Simmen, D.B.1    Briner, H.R.2
  • 58
    • 39849103438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma
    • DOI 10.1016/j.otc.2007.11.001, PII S0030666507002058
    • Joe SA, Thakkar K. Chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2008;41:297-309. (Pubitemid 351317974)
    • (2008) Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 297-309
    • Joe, S.A.1    Thakkar, K.2
  • 59
    • 84856562792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent asthma has an accumulative impact on the loss of smell in patients with nasal polyposis
    • Cardelus S, Benitez P, Guilemany JM, et al. Persistent asthma has an accumulative impact on the loss of smell in patients with nasal polyposis. Rhinology. 2011;49:519-24. This study indicates that CRS patients with NP are a distinct subgroup of patients also with regard to smell outcomes.
    • (2011) Rhinology. , vol.49 , pp. 519-524
    • Cardelus, S.1    Benitez, P.2    Guilemany, J.M.3
  • 62
    • 77951605088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic factors of olfactory dysfunction
    • Hummel T, Lötsch J. Prognostic factors of olfactory dysfunction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;136:347-51. This was a large epidemiologic study evaluating prognosis for smell improvement and analyzing different risk factors in a wide range of patients analyzed with extensive subjective and objective tests.
    • (2010) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. , vol.136 , pp. 347-351
    • Hummel, T.1    Lötsch, J.2
  • 65
    • 80052323870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced taste and smell alterations: A case/non-case evaluation of an Italian database of spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting
    • Tuccori M, Lapi F, Testi A, et al. Drug-induced taste and smell alterations: a case/non-case evaluation of an Italian database of spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting. Drug Saf. 2011;34:849-59.
    • (2011) Drug Saf. , vol.34 , pp. 849-859
    • Tuccori, M.1    Lapi, F.2    Testi, A.3
  • 66
    • 84979763109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical steroid for chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps
    • Snidvongs K, Kalish L, Sacks R, et al. Topical steroid for chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;8:CD009274. This is a meta-analysis of the most common and only available evidence-based treatment for smell impairment in patients with CRS.
    • (2011) Cochrane Database Syst Rev. , vol.8
    • Snidvongs, K.1    Kalish, L.2    Sacks, R.3
  • 67
    • 49549088174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the use of intranasal steroids in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis
    • Joe SA, Thambi R, Huang J. A systematic review of the use of intranasal steroids in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;139:340-7.
    • (2008) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. , vol.139 , pp. 340-347
    • Joe, S.A.1    Thambi, R.2    Huang, J.3
  • 68
    • 80053938774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of efficacy of long-term, low-dose azithromycin in chronic rhinosinusitis: A randomized controlled trial
    • VidelerWJ, Badia L, Harvey RJ, et al. Lack of efficacy of long-term, low-dose azithromycin in chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled trial. Allergy. 2011;66:1457-68.
    • (2011) Allergy. , vol.66 , pp. 1457-1468
    • Videler, W.J.1    Badia, L.2    Harvey, R.J.3
  • 69
    • 79951941017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of postinfectious olfactory disorders with minocycline: A double-blind, placebocontrolled study
    • Reden J, Herting B, Lill K, et al. Treatment of postinfectious olfactory disorders with minocycline: a double-blind, placebocontrolled study. Laryngoscope. 2011;121:679-82.
    • (2011) Laryngoscope. , vol.121 , pp. 679-682
    • Reden, J.1    Herting, B.2    Lill, K.3
  • 70
    • 0036738848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distortion of olfactory perception: Diagnosis and treatment
    • Leopold D. Distortion of olfactory perception: diagnosis and treatment. Chem Senses. 2002;27:611-5.
    • (2002) Chem Senses. , vol.27 , pp. 611-615
    • Leopold, D.1
  • 71
    • 80051560364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The significance of rhinomanometry in evaluation of postlaryngectomy olfactory rehabilitation by polite yawning technique
    • Manestar D, Ticac R, Velepic M, et al. The significance of rhinomanometry in evaluation of postlaryngectomy olfactory rehabilitation by polite yawning technique. Rhinology. 2011;49:238-42.
    • (2011) Rhinology. , vol.49 , pp. 238-242
    • Manestar, D.1    Ticac, R.2    Velepic, M.3
  • 72
    • 64849103442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of olfactory training in patients with olfactory loss
    • Hummel T, Rissom K, Reden J, et al. Effects of olfactory training in patients with olfactory loss. Laryngoscope. 2009;119:496-9. This study is important as it indicates that olfactory training may lead to improvement even without the success of medical treatment.
    • (2009) Laryngoscope. , vol.119 , pp. 496-499
    • Hummel, T.1    Rissom, K.2    Reden, J.3
  • 74
    • 0028122742 scopus 로고
    • The risk to olfaction from nasal surgery
    • Kimmelman CP. The risk to olfaction from nasal surgery. Laryngoscope. 1994;104:981-8. (Pubitemid 24245066)
    • (1994) Laryngoscope , vol.104 , Issue.8 , pp. 981-988
    • Kimmelman, C.P.1
  • 75
    • 70350474655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of postviral olfactory loss with glucocorticoids Ginkgo biloba and mometasone nasal spray
    • Seo BS, Lee HJ, Mo JH, et al. Treatment of postviral olfactory loss with glucocorticoids, Ginkgo biloba, and mometasone nasal spray. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;135:1000-4.
    • (2009) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. , vol.135 , pp. 1000-1004
    • Seo, B.S.1    Lee, H.J.2    Mo, J.H.3
  • 76
    • 1442326144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory dysfunctions. Epidemiology and therapy in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
    • DammM, Temmel A,Welge-Lüssen A, et al.Olfactory dysfunctions. Epidemiology and therapy in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. HNO. 2004;52:112-20.
    • (2004) HNO. , vol.52 , pp. 112-120
    • Damm, M.1    Temmel, A.2    Welge-Lüssen, A.3
  • 77
    • 77955002201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Bradford Hill criteria and zincinduced anosmia: A causality analysis
    • Davidson TM, Smith WM. The Bradford Hill criteria and zincinduced anosmia: a causality analysis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;136:673-876. This was an important evidence-based analysis of papers indicating the effect of zinc treatment on sense of smell (this is still an actual treatment for the common cold).
    • (2010) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. , vol.136 , pp. 673-876
    • Davidson, T.M.1    Smith, W.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.