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Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 407-455

Temporal asymmetry, entropic irreversibility, and finite-time thermodynamics: From parmenides-einstein time-reversal symmetry to the heraclitan entropic arrow of time

Author keywords

Arrow of time; Energy; Entropy; Finite time semistability; Interconnected systems; Irreversibility; Poincar recurrence; Relativistic thermodynamics; State space formalism

Indexed keywords


EID: 84861131285     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10994300     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/e14030407     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (51)
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    • Perhaps a better expression here is the geodesic arrow of time, since, as Einstein's theory of relativity shows, time and space are intricately coupled, and hence one cannot curve space without involving time as well. Thus, time has a shape that goes along with its directionality.
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    • It can be argued here that a more appropriate terminology is assumptions rather than axioms since, as will be seen, these are statements taken to be true and used as premises in order to infer certain results, but may not otherwise be accepted. However, as we will see, these statements are equivalent (within our formulation) to the stipulated postulates of the zeroth and second laws of thermodynamics involving transitivity of a thermal equilibrium and heat flowing from hotter to colder bodies, and as such we refer to them as axioms
    • It can be argued here that a more appropriate terminology is assumptions rather than axioms since, as will be seen, these are statements taken to be true and used as premises in order to infer certain results, but may not otherwise be accepted. However, as we will see, these statements are equivalent (within our formulation) to the stipulated postulates of the zeroth and second laws of thermodynamics involving transitivity of a thermal equilibrium and heat flowing from hotter to colder bodies, and as such we refer to them as axioms.
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    • It is important to note that our formulation of the second law of thermodynamics as given by Axiom ii) does not require the mentioning of temperature nor the more primitive subjective notions of hotness or coldness. As we will see later, temperature is defined in terms of the system entropy after we establish the existence of a unique, continuously differentiable entropy function for G Since in our formulation we are not considering work performed by and on the system, the notions of an isolated system and an adiabatically isolated system are equivalent
    • It is important to note that our formulation of the second law of thermodynamics as given by Axiom ii) does not require the mentioning of temperature nor the more primitive subjective notions of hotness or coldness. As we will see later, temperature is defined in terms of the system entropy after we establish the existence of a unique, continuously differentiable entropy function for G. Since in our formulation we are not considering work performed by and on the system, the notions of an isolated system and an adiabatically isolated system are equivalent.
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    • The differential operator notation in ν(x) is standard differential geometric notation used to write coordinate expressions for vector fields. This notation is based on the fact that there is a one-to-one correspondence between first-order linear differential operators on real-valued functions and vector fields
    • The differential operator notation in ν(x) is standard differential geometric notation used to write coordinate expressions for vector fields. This notation is based on the fact that there is a one-to-one correspondence between first-order linear differential operators on real-valued functions and vector fields.


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