Measuring masculinity in research on men of color: Findings and future directions

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 102, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2012, Pages

  Griffith, Derek M ^a   Gunter, Katie ^a   Watkins, Daphne C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFRICAN AMERICAN; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CULTURAL FACTOR; ETHNOLOGY; GENDER IDENTITY; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; MALE; MASCULINITY; MEN'S HEALTH; MENTAL HEALTH; REVIEW; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

AFRICAN AMERICANS; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; GENDER IDENTITY; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; MALE; MASCULINITY; MEN'S HEALTH; MENTAL HEALTH; SOCIAL VALUES; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84861012627     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300715     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Smiler A. Thirty years after the discovery of gender: psychological concepts and measures of masculinity. Sex Roles. 2004;50(1-2):15-26. (Pubitemid 38202819)
2. Broom A, Tovey P. Men's Health: Body, Identity, & Social Context. Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009:1-5.
3. Robertson S. Understanding Men and Health: Masculinities, Identity, and Well-being. Maidenhead, United Kingdom: Open University Press; 2007.
4. Courtenay WH. Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health. Soc Sci Med. 2000;50(10):1385-1401. (Pubitemid 30100386)
5. Courtenay WH, Keeling RP. Men, gender, and health: toward an interdisciplinary approach. J Am Coll Health. 2000;48(6):243-246.
6. Lohan M. How might we understand men's health better? Integrating explanations from critical studies on men and inequalities in health. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65 (3):493-504. (Pubitemid 47017530)
7. Robertson S. 'I've been like a coiled spring this last week': embodied masculinity and health. Sociol Health Illn. 2006;28(4):433-456. (Pubitemid 43654515)
8. Lee C, Owens RG. The Psychology of Men's Health. Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press; 2002.
9. Sabo D, Gordon G, eds. Men's Health and Illness: Gender, Power and the Body. London: Sage Publications; 1995.
10. White A, Richardson N. Gendered epidemiology: making men's health visible in epidemiological research. Public Health. 2011;125(7):407-410.
11. Connell RW. Masculinities. Oxford, United Kingdom: Polity; 1995.
12. Sabo D. The study of masculinities and men's health: an overview. In: Kimmel M, Hearn J, Connell RW, eds. Handbook of Studies on Men and Masculinities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2005:326-352.
13. Evans J, Frank B, Oliffe JL, Gregory D. Health, Illness, Men and Masculinities (HIMM): a theoretical framework for understanding men and their health. J Mens Health. 2011;8(1):7-15.
14. Springer KW, Mager Stellman J, Jordan-Young RM. Beyond a catalogue of differences: a theoretical frame and good practice guidelines for researching sex/gender in human health. Soc Sci Med. 2011;Epub ahead of print. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.033. Accessed February 28, 2012.
15. Griffith DM, Metzl JM, Gunter K. Considering intersections of race and gender in interventions that address U.S. men's health disparities. Public Health. 2011;125(7):417-423.
16. Griffith DM, Gunter K, Allen JO. Male gender role strain as a barrier to African American men's physical activity. Health Educ Behav. 2011;38(5):482-491.
17. Peterson A. Future research agenda in men's health. In: Tovey A, Bloom P, eds. Men's Health: Body, Identity and Social Context.West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009:202-213.
18. Creighton G, Oliffe JL. Theorising masculinities and men's health: a brief history with a view to practice. Health Sociol Rev. 2010;19(4):409-418.
19. Coles T. Negotiating the field of masculinity. Men Masc. 2009;12(1):30-44.
20. Coles T. Finding space in the field of masculinity. J Sociol. 2008;44(3):233-248.
21. Levant R, Richmond K. A review of research on masculinity ideologies using the Male Role Norms Inventory. J Mens Stud. 2007;15(2):130-146.
22. Levant RF. The male role: an investigation of contemporary norms. J Mental Health Couns. 1992;14(3):325.
23. Levant RF, Pollack WS, eds. A New Psychology of Men. New York, NY: Basic Books; 2003.
24. Mahalik JR, Locke BD, Ludlow LH, et al. Development of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory. Psychol Men Masc. 2003;4(1):3-25.
25. Thompson EH, Pleck J, Ferrera D. Men and masculinities: scales for masculinity ideology and masculinity-related constructs. Sex Roles. 1992;27(11-12):573-607.
26. O'Neil JM, Helms BJ, Gable RK, David L, Wrightsman LS. Gender-role conflict scale: college men's fear of femininity. Sex Roles. 1986;14(5-6):335-350.
27. Arciniega GM, Anderson TC, Tovar-Blank ZG, Tracey TJG. Toward a fuller conception of machismo: development of a traditional machismo and caballerismo scale. J Couns Psychol. 2008;55(1):19.
28. Malebranche DJ, Fields EL, Bryant LO, Harper SR. Masculine socialization and sexual risk behaviors among black men who have sex with men. Men Masc. 2009;12 (1):90-112.
29. Courtenay W. A global perspective on the field of men's health: an editorial. Int J Mens Health. 2002;1(1):1.
30. Moynihan C. Theories in health care and research: theories of masculinity. BMJ. 1998;317(7165):1072-1075.
31. Summers MA. Manliness and its Discontents: The Black Middle Class and the Transformation of Masculinity, 1900-1930. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press; 2004.
32. Snow RC. Sex, gender, and vulnerability. Global Public Health. 2008;3(suppl 1):58-74. (Pubitemid 351541368)
33. Treadwell H, Braithwaite K. Men's health: a myth or a possibility? J Mens Health Gend. 2005;2(3):382-386. (Pubitemid 41755119)
34. Pease B. Racialised masculinities and the health of immigrant and refugee men. In: Broom A, Tovey P, eds. Men's Health: Body, Identity and Context. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons; 2009:182-201.
35. Hunter AG, Davis JE. Constructing gender: an exploration of Afro-American men's conceptualization of manhood. Gend Soc. 1992;6:464-479.
36. Hammond WP, Mattis JS. Being a man about it: manhood meaning among African American men. Psychol Men Masc. 2005;6(2):114-126. (Pubitemid 40579813)
37. Ravenell JE, Johnson WE, Whitaker EE. African American men's perceptions of health: a focus group study. J Natl Med Assoc. 2006;98:544-550.
38. Bowleg L. Love, sex, and masculinity in sociocultural context. Men Masculinities. 2004;7(2):166-186.
39. Bowleg L, Teti M, Massie JS, Patel A, Malebranche DJ, Tschann JM. 'What does it take to be a man? What is a real man?': ideologies of masculinity and HIV sexual risk among black heterosexual men. Cult Health Sex. 2011;13(5):545-559.
40. Bowleg L. When black+ lesbian+ woman ≠ black lesbian woman: the methodological challenges of qualitative and quantitative intersectionality research. Sex Roles. 2008;59:312-325.
41. Ford CL, Harawa NT. A new conceptualization of ethnicity for social epidemiologic and health equity research. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(2):251-258.
42. Jones D. WEIRD view of human nature skews psychologists' studies. Science. 2010;328(5986):1627.
43. World Health Organization. Mental Health: Strengthening Mental Health Promotion. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2001.
44. Hammond WP, Matthews D, Mohottige D, Agyemang A, Corbie-Smith G. Masculinity, medical mistrust, and preventive health services delays among community-dwelling African-American men. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(12):1300- 1308.
45. Hammond WP, Matthews D, Corbie-Smith G. Psychosocial factors associated with routine health examination scheduling and receipt among African American men. J Natl Med Assoc. 2010;102(4):276.
46. Wade JC. Masculinity ideology, male reference group identity dependence, and African American men's health-related attitudes and behaviors. Psychol Men Masc. 2008;9(1):5-16.
47. Wade JC. Traditional masculinity and African American men's health-related attitudes and behaviors. Am J Mens Health. 2009;3(2):165.
48. Levant RF, Richmond K, Majors RG, et al. A multicultural investigation of masculinity ideology and alexithymia. Psychol Men Masc. 2003;4(2):91.
49. Liu WM, Iwamoto DK. Conformity to masculine norms, Asian values, coping strategies, peer group influences and substance use among Asian American men. Psychol Men Masc. 2007;8(1):25-39.
50. Mahalik JR, Pierre MR, Wan SSC. Examining racial identity and masculinity as correlates of self-esteem and psychological distress in Black men. J Multicult Couns Devel. 2006;34(2):94-104. (Pubitemid 43814192)
51. Syzdek MR, Addis ME. Adherence to masculine norms and attributional processes predict depressive symptoms in recently unemployed men. Cognit Ther Res. 2010;34:533-543.
52. Vogel DL, Heimerdinger-Edwards SR, Hammer JH, Hubbard A. "Boys don't cry": examination of the links between endorsement of masculine norms, selfstigma, and help-seeking attitudes for men from diverse backgrounds. J Couns Psychol. 2011;58(3):368-382.
53. Liu WM, Iwamoto DK. Asian American men's gender role conflict: the role of Asian values, self-esteem, and psychological distress. Psychol Men Masc. 2006;7 (3):153-164. (Pubitemid 44199174)
54. Eisler RM, Skidmore JR. Masculine gender role stress: scale development and component factors in the appraisal of stressful situations. Behav Modif. 1987; 11:123-136. (Pubitemid 17088119)
55. Halkitis P, Green K, Wilton L. Masculinity, body image, and sexual behavior in HIV-seropositive gay men: a two-phase formative behavioral investigation using the Internet. Int J Mens Health. 2004;3(1):27.
56. Ayala GX, Ornelas I, Rhodes SD, et al. Correlates of dietary intake among men involved in The MAN for Health Study. Am J Mens Health. 2009;3(3):201.
57. Crawford I, Allison K, Zamboni B, Soto T. The influence of dual-identity development on the psychosocial functioning of African-American gay and bisexual men. J Sex Res. 2002;39(3):179.
58. Estrada F, Rigali-OilerM, Arciniega GM, Tracey TJG. Machismo and Mexican American men: an empirical understanding using a gay sample. J Couns Psychol. 2011;58(3):358-367.
59. Halkitis PN, Moeller RW, DeRaleau LB. Steroid use in gay, bisexual, and nonidentified men-who-havesex-with-men: relations to masculinity, physical, and mental health. Psychol Men Masc. 2008;9(2): 106.
60. Hirsch JS, Muñoz-Laboy M, Nyhus CM, Yount KM, Bauermeister JA. They "miss more than anything their normal life back home": masculinity and extramarital sex among Mexican migrants in Atlanta. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2009;41(1):23-32.
61. Sánchez FJ, Greenberg ST, Liu WM, Vilain E. Reported effects of masculine ideals on gay men. Psychol Men Masc. 2009;10(1):73-87.
62. Cuéllar I, Arnold B, Gonzalez G. Cognitive referents of acculturation: assessment of cultural constructs in Mexican Americans. J Community Psychol. 1995;23 (4):339.
63. Siconolfi D, Halkitis PN, Allomong TW, Burton CL. Body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in a sample of gay and bisexual men. Int J Mens Health. 2009;8(3):254.
64. Carter R, Williams B, Juby H, Buckley T. Racial identity as mediator of the relationship between gender role conflict and severity of psychological symptoms in Black, Latino, and Asian men. Sex Roles. 2005;53 (7-8):473-486. (Pubitemid 41767296)
65. Fragoso JM, Kashubeck S. Machismo, gender role conflict, and mental health in Mexican American men. Psychol Men Masc. 2000;1(2):87.
66. Wester SR, Vogel, DL, Wei M, McLain R. African American men, gender role conflict, and psychological distress: the role of racial identity. J Couns Dev. 2006; 84:419-429. (Pubitemid 44393085)
67. Wong YJ, Rochlen AB. Potential benefits of expressive writing for male college students with varying degrees of restrictive emotionality. Psychol Men Masc. 2009;10(2):149-159.
68. Frayne SM, Halanych JH, Miller DR, et al. Disparities in diabetes care: impact of mental illness. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(22):2631-2638. (Pubitemid 41785061)
69. Jackson JS, Knight KM. Race and self-regulatory health behaviors: the role of the stress response and the HPA axis. In: Schaie KW, Carstensten LL, eds. Social Structure, Aging and Self-regulation in the Elderly. New York, NY: Springer; 2006:189-240.
70. Jackson JS, Knight KM, Rafferty JA. Race and unhealthy behaviors: chronic stress, the HPA axis, and physical and mental health disparities over the life course. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(5):933-939.
71. Bowman PJ. Research perspectives on black men: role strain and adaptation across the adult life cycle. In: Jones RL, ed. Black Adult Development and Aging. Berkeley, CA: Cobb & Henry Publishers; 1989:117-150.
72. Bowman PJ. Role strain and adaptation issues in the strength-based model: diversity, multilevel, and life-span considerations. Couns Psychol. 2006;34(1):118-133. (Pubitemid 43075747)
73. Williams DR. The health of men: structured inequalities and opportunities. Am J Public Health. 2003;93 (5):724-731. (Pubitemid 38175837)
74. Majors R. Cool Pose: The Dilemmas of Black Manhood in America. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster; 1993.
75. Griffith DM, Gunter K, Allen JO. A systematic approach to developing contextual, culturally, and gender sensitive interventions for African American men: The example of Men 4 Health. In: Elk R, Landrine H, eds. Cancer Disparities: Causes and Evidence-Based Solutions. New York, NY: SpringerPublishing; 2011.
76. Bennett GG, Merritt MM, Sollers JJ, et al. Stress, coping, and health outcomes among African-Americans: a review of the John Henryism hypothesis. Psychol Health. 2004;19(3):369-383. (Pubitemid 38809006)
77. Geronimus AT, Thompson JP. To denigrate, ignore, or disrupt: Racial inequality in health and impact of a policy-induced breakdown of Black American communities. DuBois Rev Soc Sci Res Race. 2004;1(2):247-279.
78. James SA, Hartnett SA, Kalsbeek WD. John Henryism and blood pressure differences among black men. J Behav Med. 1983;6(3):259.
79. James SA, Keenan NL, Strogatz DS, Browning SR, Garrett JM. Socioeconomic status, John Henryism, and blood pressure in black adults. The Pitt County Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;135(1):59-67.
80. James SA, Strogatz DS, Wing SB, Ramsey DL. Socioeconomic status, John Henryism, and hypertension in blacks and whites. Am J Epidemiol. 1987;126(4):664-673. (Pubitemid 17142238)
81. Smith SL. Sick and Tired of Being Sick and Tired: Black Women's Health Activism in America, 1890-1950. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1995.
82. St. Jean Y, Feagin JR. Double Burden: Black Women and Ra Everyday cism. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe; 1998.
83. Verhoef MJ, Love EJ, Rose SA. Women's social roles and their exercise participation. Women Health. 1992;19 (4):15-29. (Pubitemid 23139308)
84. Viruell-Fuentes EA. Beyond acculturation: immigration, discrimination, and health research among Mexicans in the United States. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(7): 1524-1535. (Pubitemid 47314412)
85. Weber L, Parra-Medina D. Intersectionality and women's health: charting a path to eliminating health disparities. In: Demos V, Segal MT, eds. Advances in Gender Research: Gender Perspectives on Health and Medicine. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; 2003:181-230. (Pubitemid 137640578)
86. Whitt MC, Kumanyika SK. Tailoring counseling on physical activity and inactivity for African-American women. Ethn Dis. 2002;12(4):S3-62-71.
87. Addis ME, Mahalik JR. Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking. Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):5-14. (Pubitemid 37170634)
88. Galdas PM, Cheater F, Marshall P. Men and health help-seeking behaviour: literature review. J Adv Nurs. 2005;49(6):616-623. (Pubitemid 40417364)
89. Griffith DM, Allen JO, Gunter K. Social and cultural factors that influence African American men's medical help-seeking. Res Soc Work Pract. 2011;21(3):337-347.
90. Neighbors HW, Jackson JS. The use of informal and formal help: four patterns of illness behavior in the black community. Am J Community Psychol. 1984;12 (6):629-644.
91. Featherstone B, Rivett M, Scourfield J. WorkingWith Men in Health and Social Care. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2007.