메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 175-193

We don't want your kind here: When people high in narcissism show prejudice against immigrants

Author keywords

Frustration; Immigrants; Narcissism; Prejudice

Indexed keywords


EID: 84861012425     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19335377     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/h0099265     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (96)
  • 1
    • 0034214647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classical and modern racial prejudice: A study of attitudes toward immigrants in Sweden
    • Akrami, N., Ekehammar, B., & Araya, T. (2000). Classical and modern racial prejudice: A study of attitudes toward immigrants in Sweden. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 521-532.
    • (2000) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 521-532
    • Akrami, N.1    Ekehammar, B.2    Araya, T.3
  • 3
    • 0002137618 scopus 로고
    • Psychological approaches to understanding intergroup conflict
    • P.A. Katz (Ed.). New York: Pergamon Press
    • Ashmore, R. D., & DelBoca, F. K. (1976). Psychological approaches to understanding intergroup conflict. In P.A. Katz (Ed.), Towards the elimination of racism (pp. 73-124). New York: Pergamon Press.
    • (1976) Towards the elimination of racism , pp. 73-124
    • Ashmore, R.D.1    DelBoca, F.K.2
  • 4
    • 0141517608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conquest by force: A narcissistic reactance theory of rape and sexual coercion
    • Baumeister, R. F., Catanese, K. R., & Wallace, H. M. (2002). Conquest by force: A narcissistic reactance theory of rape and sexual coercion. Review of General Psychology, 6, 92-135.
    • (2002) Review of General Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 92-135
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Catanese, K.R.2    Wallace, H.M.3
  • 5
    • 0029690788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem
    • Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103, 5-33.
    • (1996) Psychological Review , vol.103 , pp. 5-33
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Smart, L.2    Boden, J.M.3
  • 6
    • 84970241585 scopus 로고
    • Whatever happened to the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
    • Berkowitz, L. (1978). Whatever happened to the frustration-aggression hypothesis? American Behavioral Scientist, 21, 691-707.
    • (1978) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.21 , pp. 691-707
    • Berkowitz, L.1
  • 7
    • 0020856947 scopus 로고
    • Aversively stimulated aggression: Some parallels and differences in research with animals and humans
    • Berkowitz, L. (1983). Aversively stimulated aggression: Some parallels and differences in research with animals and humans. American Psychologist, 38, 1135-1144.
    • (1983) American Psychologist , vol.38 , pp. 1135-1144
    • Berkowitz, L.1
  • 8
    • 0024697035 scopus 로고
    • Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation
    • Berkowitz, L. (1989). Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 59-73.
    • (1989) Psychological Bulletin , vol.106 , pp. 59-73
    • Berkowitz, L.1
  • 9
    • 0004142011 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of prejudice
    • New York: Harper
    • Bettleheim, B., & Janowitz, M. (1950). Dynamics of prejudice. New York: Harper.
    • (1950)
    • Bettleheim, B.1    Janowitz, M.2
  • 10
    • 84984525561 scopus 로고
    • Social categorization and similarity in intergroup behaviour
    • Billig, M., & Tajfel, H. (1973). Social categorization and similarity in intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 3, 27-52.
    • (1973) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.3 , pp. 27-52
    • Billig, M.1    Tajfel, H.2
  • 11
    • 0000874732 scopus 로고
    • Reactions to intergroup competition under win-lose conditions
    • Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1961). Reactions to intergroup competition under win-lose conditions. Management Science, 7, 420-435.
    • (1961) Management Science , vol.7 , pp. 420-435
    • Blake, R.R.1    Mouton, J.S.2
  • 12
    • 0038087022 scopus 로고
    • The intergroup dynamics of win-loss conflict and problem-solving collaboration in union-management relations
    • M. Sherif (Ed.). New York: John Wiley
    • Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1962). The intergroup dynamics of win-loss conflict and problem-solving collaboration in union-management relations. In M. Sherif (Ed.), International relations and leadership (pp. 94-141). New York: John Wiley.
    • (1962) International relations and leadership , pp. 94-141
    • Blake, R.R.1    Mouton, J.S.2
  • 13
    • 58149366470 scopus 로고
    • Whites' opposition to busing: Symbolic racism or realistic group conflict
    • Bobo, L. (1983). Whites' opposition to busing: Symbolic racism or realistic group conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1196-1210.
    • (1983) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 1196-1210
    • Bobo, L.1
  • 14
    • 7244252614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-enhancement tendencies among people with high explicit self-esteem: The moderating role of implicit self-esteem
    • Bosson, J. K., Brown, R. P., Zeigler-Hill, V., & Swann, W. B. (2003). Self-enhancement tendencies among people with high explicit self-esteem: The moderating role of implicit self-esteem. Self and Identity, 2, 169-187.
    • (2003) Self and Identity , vol.2 , pp. 169-187
    • Bosson, J.K.1    Brown, R.P.2    Zeigler-Hill, V.3    Swann, W.B.4
  • 16
    • 23044531164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narcissus meets Sisyphus: Self-love, self-loathing, and the never-ending pursuit of self-worth
    • Brown, R. P., & Bosson, J. K. (2001). Narcissus meets Sisyphus: Self-love, self-loathing, and the never-ending pursuit of self-worth. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 210-213.
    • (2001) Psychological Inquiry , vol.12 , pp. 210-213
    • Brown, R.P.1    Bosson, J.K.2
  • 17
    • 0032112923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence?
    • Bushman, B.J., & Baumeister, R.F. (1998). Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 219-229.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.75 , pp. 219-229
    • Bushman, B.J.1    Baumeister, R.F.2
  • 21
    • 33746361468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Team sports players' observed aggression as a function of gender, competitive level, and sport type
    • Coulomb-Cabagno, G., & Rascle, O. (2006). Team sports players' observed aggression as a function of gender, competitive level, and sport type. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 1980-2000.
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 1980-2000
    • Coulomb-Cabagno, G.1    Rascle, O.2
  • 23
    • 34547252578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of immigrants: Modifying the attitudes of individuals higher in social dominance orientation
    • Danso, H. A., Sedlovskaya, A., & Suanda, S. H. (2007). Perceptions of immigrants: Modifying the attitudes of individuals higher in social dominance orientation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1113-1123.
    • (2007) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.33 , pp. 1113-1123
    • Danso, H.A.1    Sedlovskaya, A.2    Suanda, S.H.3
  • 24
    • 0002707204 scopus 로고
    • A study of intragroup and intergroup relations among experimentally produced small groups
    • Diab, L. (1970). A study of intragroup and intergroup relations among experimentally produced small groups. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 82, 49-82.
    • (1970) Genetic Psychology Monographs , vol.82 , pp. 49-82
    • Diab, L.1
  • 26
    • 84979320303 scopus 로고
    • Population, warfare and the male supremacist complex
    • Divale, W., & Harris, M. (1976). Population, warfare and the male supremacist complex. American Anthropologist, 78, 521-538.
    • (1976) American Anthropologist , vol.78 , pp. 521-538
    • Divale, W.1    Harris, M.2
  • 28
    • 84889446967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality and prejudice
    • J. F. Dovidio, P. Glick, & L. A. Rudman (Eds.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing
    • Duckitt, J. (2005). Personality and prejudice. In J. F. Dovidio, P. Glick, & L. A. Rudman (Eds.), On the nature of prejudice: Fifty years after Allport (pp. 395-412). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
    • (2005) On the nature of prejudice: Fifty years after Allport , pp. 395-412
    • Duckitt, J.1
  • 29
    • 10244221157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What matters most to prejudice: Big Five personality, social dominance orientation, or right wing authoritarianism?
    • Ekehammer, B., Akrami, N., Gylje, M., & Zakrisson, I. (2004). What matters most to prejudice: Big Five personality, social dominance orientation, or right wing authoritarianism? European Journal of Personality, 18, 463-482.
    • (2004) European Journal of Personality , vol.18 , pp. 463-482
    • Ekehammer, B.1    Akrami, N.2    Gylje, M.3    Zakrisson, I.4
  • 31
    • 0000389240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergroup competition and attitudes toward immigrants and immigration: An instrumental model of group conflict
    • Esses, V. M., Jackson, L. M., Armstrong, T.L. (1998). Intergroup competition and attitudes toward immigrants and immigration: An instrumental model of group conflict. Journal of Social Issues, 54, 699-724.
    • (1998) Journal of Social Issues , vol.54 , pp. 699-724
    • Esses, V.M.1    Jackson, L.M.2    Armstrong, T.L.3
  • 33
    • 0031510164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others
    • Fein, S., & Spencer, S. J. (1997). Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 31-44.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 31-44
    • Fein, S.1    Spencer, S.J.2
  • 34
    • 85038477972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • March, Paper presented at the Conference to Establish the Field of Hate Studies, Spokane, WA
    • Fishbein, H. D. (March, 2004). The genetic/evolutionary basis of prejudice and hatred. Paper presented at the Conference to Establish the Field of Hate Studies, Spokane, WA.
    • (2004) The genetic/evolutionary basis of prejudice and hatred
    • Fishbein, H.D.1
  • 35
    • 84952148960 scopus 로고
    • Racial prejudice, belief similarity, and human aggression
    • Genthner, R., Shuntich, R., & Bunting, K. (1975). Racial prejudice, belief similarity, and human aggression. The Journal of Psychology, 91, 229-234.
    • (1975) The Journal of Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 229-234
    • Genthner, R.1    Shuntich, R.2    Bunting, K.3
  • 36
    • 0015652858 scopus 로고
    • Physical aggression as a function of racial prejudice and the race of the target
    • Genthner, R. W., & Taylor, S. P. (1973). Physical aggression as a function of racial prejudice and the race of the target. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 207-210.
    • (1973) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 207-210
    • Genthner, R.W.1    Taylor, S.P.2
  • 37
    • 0010182946 scopus 로고
    • Social identity theory processes: Some limitations and limiting conditions
    • Hinkle, S., Brown, R., & Ely, P. G. (1992). Social identity theory processes: Some limitations and limiting conditions. Revista de Psichologia Social, 99-111.
    • (1992) Revista de Psichologia Social , pp. 99-111
    • Hinkle, S.1    Brown, R.2    Ely, P.G.3
  • 38
    • 34547580950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal disgust, ideological orientations, and dehumanization as predictors of intergroup attitudes
    • Hodson, G., & Costello, K. (2007). Interpersonal disgust, ideological orientations, and dehumanization as predictors of intergroup attitudes. Psychological Science, 18, 691-698.
    • (2007) Psychological Science , vol.18 , pp. 691-698
    • Hodson, G.1    Costello, K.2
  • 39
    • 67349116382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of "dark personalities (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy), Big Five personality factors, and ideology in explaining prejudice
    • Hodson, G., Hogg, S. M., & MacInnis, C. C. (2009). The role of "dark personalities (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy), Big Five personality factors, and ideology in explaining prejudice. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 686-690.
    • (2009) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.43 , pp. 686-690
    • Hodson, G.1    Hogg, S.M.2    MacInnis, C.C.3
  • 40
    • 85050786606 scopus 로고
    • Realistic group conflict theory: A review and evaluation of the theoretical and empirical literature
    • Jackson, J. W. (1993). Realistic group conflict theory: A review and evaluation of the theoretical and empirical literature. The Psychological Record, 43, 395-413.
    • (1993) The Psychological Record , vol.43 , pp. 395-413
    • Jackson, J.W.1
  • 41
    • 84860991145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary and psychodynamic approaches to prejudice
    • L. M. Jackson (Ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Jackson, L. M. (2011). Evolutionary and psychodynamic approaches to prejudice. In L. M. Jackson (Ed.), The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (pp. 47-63). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (2011) The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action , pp. 47-63
    • Jackson, L.M.1
  • 42
    • 0028115279 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism
    • John, O. P., & Robins, R. W. (1994). Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 206-219.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 206-219
    • John, O.P.1    Robins, R.W.2
  • 49
    • 0026196886 scopus 로고
    • Stability of self-esteem as a moderator of the relation between level of self-esteem and depression
    • Kernis, M. H., Grannemann, B. D., & Mathis, L. C. (1991). Stability of self-esteem as a moderator of the relation between level of self-esteem and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 80-84.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 80-84
    • Kernis, M.H.1    Grannemann, B.D.2    Mathis, L.C.3
  • 50
    • 0038462334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing between fragile and secure forms of high self-esteem
    • E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press
    • Kernis, M. H., & Paradise, A. W. (2002). Distinguishing between fragile and secure forms of high self-esteem. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Selfdetermination: Theoretical issues and practical applications. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
    • (2002) Selfdetermination: Theoretical issues and practical applications
    • Kernis, M.H.1    Paradise, A.W.2
  • 51
    • 0002191417 scopus 로고
    • Narcissism and reactions to interpersonal feedback
    • Kernis, M. H., & Sun, C. (1994). Narcissism and reactions to interpersonal feedback. Journal of Research in Personality, 28, 4-13.
    • (1994) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.28 , pp. 4-13
    • Kernis, M.H.1    Sun, C.2
  • 52
    • 0001124785 scopus 로고
    • Prejudice and politics: Symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life
    • Kinder, D. R., & Sears, D. O. (1981). Prejudice and politics: Symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 414-431.
    • (1981) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 414-431
    • Kinder, D.R.1    Sears, D.O.2
  • 53
    • 0004266634 scopus 로고
    • New York: International Universities Press
    • Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self. New York: International Universities Press.
    • (1971) The analysis of the self
    • Kohut, H.1
  • 55
    • 0019445097 scopus 로고
    • Effects of racial prejudice and race of target on aggression
    • Leonard, K. E., & Taylor, S. P. (1981). Effects of racial prejudice and race of target on aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 7, 205-214.
    • (1981) Aggressive Behavior , vol.7 , pp. 205-214
    • Leonard, K.E.1    Taylor, S.P.2
  • 57
    • 85047684057 scopus 로고
    • Social categorization and discriminatory behavior: Extinguishing the minimal intergroup discrimination effect
    • Locksley, A., Ortiz, V., Hepburn, C. (1980). Social categorization and discriminatory behavior: Extinguishing the minimal intergroup discrimination effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 773-783.
    • (1980) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 773-783
    • Locksley, A.1    Ortiz, V.2    Hepburn, C.3
  • 59
    • 84925901961 scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in prejudice
    • Middleton, R. (1976). Regional differences in prejudice. American Sociological Review, 41, 94-117.
    • (1976) American Sociological Review , vol.41 , pp. 94-117
    • Middleton, R.1
  • 60
    • 0000090070 scopus 로고
    • The frustration-aggression hypothesis
    • Miller, N. E. (1941). The frustration-aggression hypothesis. Psychological Review, 48, 337-342.
    • (1941) Psychological Review , vol.48 , pp. 337-342
    • Miller, N.E.1
  • 61
    • 0032400009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal conditions for the creation of a unit relationship: The social bond between birthdaymates
    • Miller, D. T., Downs, J. S., & Prentice, D. A. (1998). Minimal conditions for the creation of a unit relationship: The social bond between birthdaymates. European Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 475.
    • (1998) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 475
    • Miller, D.T.1    Downs, J.S.2    Prentice, D.A.3
  • 62
    • 21344483290 scopus 로고
    • Narcissism and self-evaluation maintenance: Explorations in object relations
    • Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (1993). Narcissism and self-evaluation maintenance: Explorations in object relations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 668-676.
    • (1993) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.19 , pp. 668-676
    • Morf, C.C.1    Rhodewalt, F.2
  • 63
    • 84985819518 scopus 로고
    • Ingroup bias as a function of salience, relevance, and status: An integration
    • (1992)
    • Mullen, B., Brown, R., & Smith, C. (1992) Ingroup bias as a function of salience, relevance, and status: An integration. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 103-122 (1992).
    • (1992) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 103-122
    • Mullen, B.1    Brown, R.2    Smith, C.3
  • 64
    • 46349106575 scopus 로고
    • Some personality and social factors related to changes in children's attitudes toward Negroes
    • Mussen, P. N. (1950). Some personality and social factors related to changes in children's attitudes toward Negroes. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 45, 423-441.
    • (1950) Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 423-441
    • Mussen, P.N.1
  • 65
    • 84918924054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary Bases of Prejudices
    • M. Schaller, J. A. Simpson, D. T. Kenrick, M. Schaller, J. A. Simpson, D. T. Kenrick (Eds.). Madison, CT US: Psychosocial Press
    • Neuberg, S. L., & Cottrell, C. A. (2006). Evolutionary Bases of Prejudices. In M. Schaller, J. A. Simpson, D. T. Kenrick, M. Schaller, J. A. Simpson, D. T. Kenrick (Eds.), Evolution and social psychology (pp. 163-187). Madison, CT US: Psychosocial Press.
    • (2006) Evolution and social psychology , pp. 163-187
    • Neuberg, S.L.1    Cottrell, C.A.2
  • 66
    • 0004246470 scopus 로고
    • Chicago: Chicago University Press
    • Park, R. E. (1957). Race and culture. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
    • (1957) Race and culture
    • Park, R.E.1
  • 68
    • 0000925706 scopus 로고
    • Social evaluation theory: Convergencies and applications
    • D. Levine (Ed.). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press
    • Pettigrew, T. F. (1967). Social evaluation theory: Convergencies and applications. In D. Levine (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (pp. 241-311). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
    • (1967) Nebraska Symposium on Motivation , pp. 241-311
    • Pettigrew, T.F.1
  • 71
    • 33947657741 scopus 로고
    • The social psychology of the Wallace phenomenon
    • T.F. Pettigret (Ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Pettigrew, T.F., & Riley, R.T. (1971). The social psychology of the Wallace phenomenon. In T.F. Pettigret (Ed.), Racially separate or together? New York: McGraw-Hill
    • (1971) Racially separate or together?
    • Pettigrew, T.F.1    Riley, R.T.2
  • 72
    • 85038473390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pew (March 30). America's immigration quandary: Pew Research Center
    • Pew (2006, March 30). America's immigration quandary: Pew Research Center (www.people-press.org).
    • (2006)
  • 75
    • 0024004572 scopus 로고
    • A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity
    • Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 890-902.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 890-902
    • Raskin, R.1    Terry, H.2
  • 76
    • 0032014981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On self-aggrandizement and anger: A temporal analysis of narcissism and affective reactions to success and failure
    • Rhodewalt, F., & Morf, C. C. (1998). On self-aggrandizement and anger: A temporal analysis of narcissism and affective reactions to success and failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 672-685.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 672-685
    • Rhodewalt, F.1    Morf, C.C.2
  • 79
    • 0346945736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poll finds optimistic outlook but enduring racial division
    • July 11
    • Sack, K., & Elder, J. (2000, July 11). Poll finds optimistic outlook but enduring racial division. New York Times (www.nytimes.com).
    • (2000) New York Times
    • Sack, K.1    Elder, J.2
  • 81
    • 84970313898 scopus 로고
    • Jews and Arabs in Israel: Everybody hates somebody sometime
    • Shamir, M., & Sullivan, J. L. (1985). Jews and Arabs in Israel: Everybody hates somebody sometime. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 29, 283-305.
    • (1985) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.29 , pp. 283-305
    • Shamir, M.1    Sullivan, J.L.2
  • 86
    • 0001341347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins and prevention of genocide, mass killing, and other collective violence
    • Staub, E. (1999). The origins and prevention of genocide, mass killing, and other collective violence. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 5, 303-336.
    • (1999) Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 303-336
    • Staub, E.1
  • 87
    • 0036676685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When a grandiose self-image is threatened: Narcissism and self-concept clarity as predictors of negative emotions and aggression following ego-threat
    • Stucke, T. S., Sporer, S. L. (2002). When a grandiose self-image is threatened: Narcissism and self-concept clarity as predictors of negative emotions and aggression following ego-threat. Journal of Personality, 70, 509-532.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality , vol.70 , pp. 509-532
    • Stucke, T.S.1    Sporer, S.L.2
  • 89
    • 57049167541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Census Bureau
    • U.S. Census Bureau (2008). The 2008 Statistical Abstract. www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/population.html.
    • (2008) The 2008 Statistical Abstract
  • 90
    • 0000118160 scopus 로고
    • Race and relative deprivation in the urban United States
    • Vanneman, R. D., & Pettigrew, T. F. (1972). Race and relative deprivation in the urban United States. Race, 13, 461-486.
    • (1972) Race , vol.13 , pp. 461-486
    • Vanneman, R.D.1    Pettigrew, T.F.2
  • 94
    • 0001368267 scopus 로고
    • Facilitation of outgroup stereotypes by enhanced ingroup identity
    • Wilder D. A., & Shapiro, P. (1991). Facilitation of outgroup stereotypes by enhanced ingroup identity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 431-452.
    • (1991) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 431-452
    • Wilder, D.A.1    Shapiro, P.2
  • 95
    • 0001998161 scopus 로고
    • African apes: The significance of African apes for reconstructing human social evolution
    • W. G. Kinsey (Ed.). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press
    • Wrangham, R. W. (1987). African apes: The significance of African apes for reconstructing human social evolution. In W. G. Kinsey (Ed.), The evolution of human behavior: Primate models (pp. 51-71). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
    • (1987) The evolution of human behavior: Primate models , pp. 51-71
    • Wrangham, R.W.1
  • 96
    • 33646191439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem: Implication for narcissism and self-esteem instability
    • Zeigler-Hill, V. (2006). Discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem: Implication for narcissism and self-esteem instability. Journal of Personality, 74, 119-143.
    • (2006) Journal of Personality , vol.74 , pp. 119-143
    • Zeigler-Hill, V.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.