Executive function and activities of daily living in Alzheimer's disease: A correlational meta-analysis

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders

Volumn 33, Issue 2-3, 2012, Pages 189-203

  Martyr, Anthony ^a   Clare, Linda ^a  

^a BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Attention; Dementia; Driving; Functional ability; MMSE; Working memory

Indexed keywords

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ATTENTION; COGNITION; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DATA BASE; DRIVING ABILITY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; HUMAN; MEDICAL LITERATURE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; WORKING MEMORY;

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; COGNITION DISORDERS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE TESTS; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; STATISTICS AS TOPIC;

EID: 84860849598     PISSN: 14208008     EISSN: 14219824     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000338233     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 4. Washington, American Psychiatric Press, 1994.
2. World Health Organization: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992.
3. Elliott R: Executive functions and their disorders. Br Med Bull 2003; 65: 49-59.
4. Royall DR: Precis of executive dyscontrol as a cause of problem behavior in dementia. Exp Aging Res 1994; 20: 73-94.
5. Royall DR, Lauterbach EC, Cummings JL, Reeve A, Rummans TA, Kaufer DI, LaFrance WC Jr, Coffey CE: Executive control function: A review of its promise and challenges for clinical research. A report from the Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002; 14: 377-405.
6. Bhutani GE, Montaldi D, Brooks DN, Mc-Culloch J: A neuropsychological investigation into frontal lobe involvement in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neuropsychology 1992; 6: 211-224.
7. Collette F, Van der Linden M, Salmon E: Executive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Cortex 1999; 35: 57-72.
8. Lafleche G, Albert MS: Executive function deficits in mild Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 1995; 9: 313-320.
9. Nathan J, Wilkinson D, Stammers S, Low JL: The role of tests of frontal executive function in the detection of mild dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 16: 18-26.
10. Amieva H, Jacqmin-Gadda H, Orgogozo JM, Le Carret N, Helmer C, Letenneur L, Barberger-Gateau P, Fabrigoule C, Dartigues JF: The 9 year cognitive decline before dementia of the Alzheimer type: A prospective population-based study. Brain 2005; 128: 1093-1101.
11. Grober E, Hall CB, Lipton RB, Zonderman AB, Resnick SM, Kawas C: Memory impairment, executive dysfunction, and intellectual decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2008; 14: 266-278.
12. Balota DA, Faust ME: Attention in dementia of the Alzheimer type; in Boller F, Cappa SF (eds): Handbook of Neuropsychology: Aging and Dementia, ed 2. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2001, pp 51-80.
13. Voss SE, Bullock RA: Executive function: The core feature of dementia? Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2004; 18: 207-216.
14. Back-Madruga C, Boone KB, Briere J, Cummings J, McPherson S, Fairbanks L, Thompson E: Functional ability in executive variant Alzheimer's disease and typical Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neuropsychol 2002; 16: 331-340.
15. Binetti G, Magni E, Padovani A, Cappa SF, Bianchetti A, Trabucchi M: Executive dysfunction in early Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996; 60: 91-93.
16. Woodward M, Brodaty H, Boundy K, Ames D, Blanch G, Balshaw R: Does executive impairment define a frontal variant of Alzheimer's disease? Int Psychogeriatr 2010; 22: 1280-1290.
17. Woodward M, Jacova C, Black SE, Kertesz A, Mackenzie IR, Feldman H: Differentiating the frontal variant of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010; 25: 732-738.
18. Spector WD, Katz S, Murphy JB, Fulton JP: The hierarchical relationship between activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. J Chron Dis 1987; 40: 481-489.
19. Boyle PA, Cohen RA, Paul R, Moser D, Gordon N: Cognitive and motor impairments predict functional declines in patients with vascular dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 17: 164-169.
20. Njegovan V, Hing MM, Mitchell SL, Molnar FJ: The hierarchy of functional loss associated with cognitive decline in older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001; 56:M638-M643.
21. Vitaliano PP, Breen AR, Albert MS, Russo J, Prinz PN: Memory, attention, and functional status in community-residing Alzheimer type dementia patients and optimally healthy aged individuals. J Gerontol 1984; 39: 58-64.
22. Royall DR, Lauterbach EC, Kaufer D, Malloy P, Coburn KL, Black KJ: The cognitive correlates of functional status: A review from the Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007; 19: 249-265.
23. Baudic S, Barba GD, Thibaudet MC, Smagghe A, Remy P, Traykov L: Executive function deficits in early Alzheimer's disease and their relations with episodic memory. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2006; 21: 15-21.
24. Swanberg MM, Tractenberg RE, Mohs R, Thal LJ, Cummings JL: Executive dysfunction in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 2004; 61: 556-560.
25. Helmer C, Amieva H, Orgogozo JM, Rouch I, Dartigues JF, Barberger-Gateau P: Natural history of decline in instrumental activities of daily living performance over the 10 years preceding the clinical diagnosis of dementia: A prospective population-based study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56: 37-44.
26. Patterson MB, Mack JL, Geldmacher DS, Whitehouse PJ: Executive functions and Alz heimer's disease: Problems and prospects. Eur J Neurol 1996; 3: 5-15.
27. Perry RJ, Hodges JR: Attention and executive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. A critical review. Brain 1999; 122: 383-404.
28. Green MF, Kern RS, Braff DL, Mintz J: Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: Are we measuring the 'right stuff'? Schizophr Bull 2000; 26: 119-136.
29. Locascio JJ, Growdon JH, Corkin S: Cognitive test-performance in detecting, staging, and tracking Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1995; 52: 1087-1099.
30. Burdick DJ, Rosenblatt A, Samus QM, Steele C, Baker A, Harper M, Mayer L, Brandt J, Rabins P, Lyketsos CG: Predictors of functional impairment in residents of assistedliving facilities: The Maryland Assisted Living study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005; 60: 258-264.
31. Carr DB, LaBarge E, Dunnigan K, Storandt M: Differentiating drivers with dementia of the Alzheimer type from healthy older persons with a Traffic Sign Naming test. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1998; 53:M135-M139.
32. Duchek JM, Hunt L, Ball K, Buckles V, Morris JC: Attention and driving performance in Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 1998; 53:P130-P141.
33. Hunt L, Morris JC, Edwards D, Wilson BS: Driving performance in persons with mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993; 41: 747-752.
34. Perry RJ, Hodges JR: Relationship between functional and neuropsychological performance in early Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2000; 14: 1-10.
35. Farias ST, Harrell E, Neumann C, Houtz A: The relationship between neuropsychological performance and daily functioning in individuals with Alzheimer's disease: Ecological validity of neuropsychological tests. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2003; 18: 655-672.
36. Tomaszewski S. The relationship between neuropsychological performance and daily functioning in individuals with Alzheimer's disease; unpublished diss., Denton, University of North Texas, 2000.
37. Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR: Introduction to Meta-Analysis. Chichester, Wiley, 2009.
38. Loewenstein DA, Rubert MP, Arguelles T, Duara R: Neuropsychological test performance and prediction of functional capacities among Spanish-speaking and Englishspeaking patients with dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1995; 10: 75-88.
39. Peterson RA, Brown SP: On the use of beta coefficients in meta-analysis. J Appl Psychol 2005; 90: 175-181.
40. Ott BR, Heindel WC, Whelihan WM, Caron MD, Piatt AL, DiCarlo MA: Maze test performance and reported driving ability in early dementia. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2003; 16: 151-155.
41. Uc EY, Rizzo M, Anderson SW, Shi Q, Dawson JD: Driver route-following and safety errors in early Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2004; 63: 832-837.
42. Uc EY, Rizzo M, Anderson SW, Shi Q, Dawson JD: Driver landmark and traffic sign identification in early Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76: 764-768.
43. Rizzo M, Reinach S, McGehee D, Dawson J: Simulated car crashes and crash predictors in drivers with Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 1997; 54: 545-551.
44. Rizzo M, McGehee DV, Dawson JD, Anderson SN: Simulated car crashes at intersections in drivers with Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2001; 15: 10-20.
45. Brown PJ, Devanand DP, Liu X, Caccappolo E: Functional impairment in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011; 68: 617-626.
46. Marshall GA, Rentz DM, Frey MT, Locascio JJ, Johnson KA, Sperling RA: Executive function and instrumental activities of daily living in mild cognitive impairment and Alz heimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7: 300-308.
47. Clare L, Nelis SM, Martyr A, Roberts J, Whitaker CJ, Markov IS, Roth I, Woods RT, Morris RG: The influence of psychological, social and contextual factors on the expression and measurement of awareness in earlystage dementia: Testing a biopsychosocial model. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012;27:167-177.
48. Martyr A, Clare L, Nelis SM, Markov IS, Roth I, Woods RT, Whitaker CJ, Morris RG: Verbal fluency and awareness of functional deficits in early-stage dementia. Clin Neuropsychol 2012;26:501-519.
49. DerSimonian R, Laird N: Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986; 7: 177-188.
50. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR: 'Mini-mental state'. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12: 189-198.
51. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG: Measuring inconsistency in metaanalyses. BMJ 2003; 327: 557-560.
52. Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR: Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, Version 2. Englewood, Biostat, 2005.
53. Boyles AL, Harris SF, Rooney AA, Thayer KA: Forest Plot Viewer: A new graphing tool. Epidemiology 2011; 22: 746-747.
54. Alvarez J, Emory E: Executive function and the frontal lobes: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychol Rev 2006; 16: 17-42.
55. Stuss DT, Alexander MP: Is there a dysexecutive syndrome? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2007; 362: 901-915.
56. Razani J, Casas R, Wong JT, Lu P, Alessi C, Josephson K: Relationship between executive functioning and activities of daily living in patients with relatively mild dementia. Appl Neuropsychol 2007; 14: 208-214.
57. Earnst KS, Wadley VG, Aldridge TM, Steenwyk AB, Hammond AE, Harrell LE, Marson DC: Loss of financial capacity in Alz heimer's disease: The role of working memory. Aging Neuropsychol Cognit 2001; 8: 109-119.
58. Dickerson AE, Reistetter T, Davis ES, Monahan M: Evaluating driving as a valued instrumental activity of daily living. Am J Occup Ther 2011; 65: 64-75.
59. Alva G, Grossberg GT, Schmitt FA, Meng X, Olin JT: Efficacy of rivastigmine transdermal patch on activities of daily living: Item responder analyses. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011; 26: 356-363.
60. Bassett SS: Attention: Neuropsychological predictor of competency in Alzheimer's disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1999; 12: 200-205.
61. Boyle PA, Malloy PF, Salloway S, Cahn-Weiner DA, Cohen R, Cummings JL: Executive dysfunction and apathy predict functional impairment in Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2003; 11: 214-221.
62. Bracco L, Amaducci L, Pedone D, Bino G, Lazzaro MP, Carella F, D'Antona R, Gallato R, Denes G: Italian Multicentre Study on Dementia (SMID): A neuropsychological test battery for assessing Alzheimer's disease. J Psychiatr Res 1990; 24: 213-226.
63. Breen AR, Larson EB, Reifler BV, Vitaliano PP, Lawrence GL: Cognitive performance and functional competence in coexisting dementia and depression. J Am Geriatr Soc 1984; 32: 132-137.
64. Cahn-Weiner DA, Ready RE, Malloy PF: Neuropsychological predictors of everyday memory and everyday functioning in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2003; 16: 84-89.
65. Cechov L, Bartoš A, Martěk P, Bucek A, Krivohlǩov J, Rǒv D: Activities of daily living are reflected in cognitive and executive functions [abstract]. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16(suppl 3):447.
66. Chen ST, Sultzer DL, Hinkin CH, Mahler ME, Cummings JL: Executive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: Association with neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional impairment. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998; 10: 426-432.
67. Dawson JD, Anderson SW, Uc EY, Dastrup E, Rizzo M: Predictors of driving safety in early Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2009; 72: 521-527.
68. Fox GK, Bowden SC, Bashford GM, Smith DS: Alzheimer's disease and driving: Prediction and assessment of driving performance. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997; 45: 949-953.
69. Fukui T, Lee E: Visuospatial function is a significant contributor to functional status in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2009; 24: 313-321.
70. Giovannetti T, Bettcher BM, Brennan L, Libron DJ, Kessler RK, Duey K: Coffee with jelly or unbuttered toast: Commissions and omissions are dissociable aspects of everyday action impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 2008; 22: 235-245.
71. Hall JR, Vo HT, Johnson LA, Barber RC, O'Bryant SE: The link between cognitive measures and ADLs and IADL functioning in mild Alzheimer's: What has gender got to do with it? Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011: 276734.
72. Heinik J, Solomesh I, Shein V, Becker D: Clock drawing test in mild and moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type: A comparative and correlation study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 17: 480-485.
73. Loewenstein DA, Rubert MI, Berkowitz-Zimmer N, Guterman A, Morgan R, Hayden S: Neuropsychological test performance and prediction of functional capacities in dementia. Behav Health Aging 1992; 2: 149-158.
74. Mahurin RK, DeBettignies BH, Pirozzolo FJ: Structured Assessment of Independent Living Skills: Preliminary report of a performance measure of functional abilities in dementia. J Gerontol 1991; 46:P58-P66.
75. Matsuda O, Saito M: Functional competency and cognitive ability in mild Alzheimer's disease: Relationship between ADL assessed by a relative/carer-rated scale and neuropsychological performance. Int Psychogeriatr 2005; 17: 275-288.
76. Monaci L, Morris RG: Neuropsychological screening performance and the association with activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living in dementia: Baseline and 18-to 24-month follow-up. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012; 27: 197-204.
77. Nussbaum PD, Goreczny A, Haddad L: Cognitive correlates of functional capacity in elderly depressed versus patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychol Rehabil 1995; 5: 333-340.
78. Ott BR, Lafleche G, Whelihan WM, Buongiorno GW, Albert MS, Fogel BS: Impaired awareness of deficits in Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1996; 10: 68-76.
79. Ott BR, Heindel WC, Whelihan WM, Caron MD, Piatt AL, Noto RB: A single-photon emission computed tomography imaging study of driving impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2000; 11: 153-160.
80. Ott BR, Festa EK, Amick MM, Grace J, Davis JD, Heindel WC: Computerized maze navigation and on-road performance by drivers with dementia. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2008; 21: 18-25.
81. Pereira FS, Yassuda MS, Oliveira AM, Forlenza OV: Executive dysfunction correlates with impaired functional status in older adults with varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Int Psychogeriatr 2008; 20: 1104-1115.
82. Razani J, Bayan S, Funes C, Mahmoud N, Torrence N, Wong J, Alessi C, Josephson K: Patterns of deficits in daily functioning and cognitive performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2011; 24: 23-32.
83. Rebok GW, Keyl PM, Bylsma FW, Blaustein MJ, Tune L: The effects of Alzheimer disease on driving-related abilities. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1994; 8: 228-240.
84. Senanarong V, Poungvarin N, Jamjumras P, Sriboonroung A, Danchaivijit C, Udomphanthuruk S, Cummings JL: Neuropsychiatric symptoms, functional impairment and executive ability in Thai patients with Alzheimer's disease. Int Psychogeriatr 2005; 17: 81-90.
85. Teri L, Borson S, Kiyak HA, Yamagishi M: Behavioral disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, and functional skill. Prevalence and relationship in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989; 37: 109-116.
86. Verhey FR, Huppert FA, Korten EC, Houx P, de Vugt M, van Lang N, DeDeyn PP, Saerens J, Neri M, de Vreese L, Pena-Casanova J, Bohm P, Stoppe G, Fleischmann U, Wallin A, Hellstrom P, Middelkoop H, Bollen W, Klinkenberg EL, Derix MM, Jolles J: Cross-national comparisons of the Cambridge Cognitive Examination-revised: The CAMCOG-R: Results from the European Harmonization Project for Instruments in Dementia. Age Ageing 2003; 32: 534-540.
87. Willis SL, Allen-Burge R, Dolan MM, Bertrand RM, Yesavage J, Taylor JL: Everyday problem solving among individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Gerontologist 1998; 38: 569-577.
88. Bettcher BM, Giovannetti T, Macmullen L, Libon DJ: Error detection and correction patterns in dementia: A breakdown of error monitoring processes and their neuropsychological correlates. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2008; 14: 199-208.
89. Brennan L, Giovannetti T, Libon DJ, Bettcher BM, Duey K: The impact of goal cues on everyday action performance in dementia. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2009; 19: 562-582.
90. Hill RD, Backman L, Fratiglioni L: Determinants of functional abilities in dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995; 43: 1092-1097.
91. Norton LE, Malloy PF, Salloway S: The impact of behavioral symptoms on activities of daily living in patients with dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 9: 41-48.
92. Sabbagh MN, Lahti T, Connor DJ, Caviness JN, Shill H, Vedders L, Mahant P, Samanta J, Burns RS, Evidente VG, Driver-Dunckley E, Reisberg B, Bircea S, Adler CH: Functional ability correlates with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2007; 24: 327-334.
93. Stokholm J, Vogel A, Gade A, Waldemar G: The executive interview as a screening test for executive dysfunction in patients with mild dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53: 1577-1581.
94. Vallotti B, Mossello E, Cantini C, Moretti G, Fumagalli S, Caleri V, Ungar A, Bruscoli M, Tilli S, Masotti G: Determinants of functional status in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr Suppl 2001; 7: 419-428.
95. Royall DR, Mahurin RK, Gray KF: Bedside assessment of executive cognitive impairment: The Executive Interview. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992; 40: 1221-1226.
96. Roth M, Huppert FA, Mountjoy CQ, Tym E: The Revised Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly, ed 2. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
97. Jurica PJ, Leitten CL, Mattis S: Dementia Rating Scale-2: Professional Manual. Lutz, Psychological Assessment Resources, 2001.
98. Mattis S: Dementia Rating Scale: Professional Manual. Odessa, Psychological Assessment Resources, 1988.
99. Reger MA, Welsh RK, Watson GS, Cholerton B, Baker LD, Craft S: The relationship between neuropsychological functioning and driving ability in dementia: A metaanalysis. Neuropsychology 2004; 18: 85-93.
100. Chaytor N, Schmitter-Edgecombe M: The ecological validity of neuropsychological tests: A review of the literature on everyday cognitive skills. Neuropsychol Rev 2003; 13: 181-197.
101. Farias ST, Cahn-Weiner DA, Harvey DJ, Reed BR, Mungas D, Kramer JH, Chui H: Longitudinal changes in memory and executive functioning are associated with longitudinal change in instrumental activities of daily living in older adults. Clin Neuropsychol 2009; 23: 446-461.
102. Richardson ED, Nadler JD, Malloy PF: Neuropsychologic prediction of performance measures of daily living skills in geriatric patients. Neuropsychology 1995; 9: 565-572.