메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 7-15

Learning and generalization in healthy aging: Implication for frontostriatal and hippocampal function

Author keywords

Alzheimer disease; Basal ganglia; Generalization; Hippocampus; Learning

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; FEMALE; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; LEARNING; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STRIATE CORTEX; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 84860797961     PISSN: 15433633     EISSN: 15370887     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0b013e318248ff1b     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (11)

References (77)
  • 2
    • 0031919190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive aging: Evidence from structural magnetic resonance imaging
    • DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.12.1.95
    • Raz N, Gunning-Dixon F, Head D, et al. Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive aging: Evidence from structural magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropsychology. 1998;12:95-114. (Pubitemid 28070401)
    • (1998) Neuropsychology , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-114
    • Raz, N.1    Gunning-Dixon, F.M.2    Head, D.3    Dupuis, J.H.4    Acker, J.D.5
  • 3
    • 46849101226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning to Avoid in Older Age
    • DOI 10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.392, PII S0882797408600530
    • Frank MJ, Kong L. Learning to avoid in older age. Psychol Aging. 2008;23:392-398. (Pubitemid 351957894)
    • (2008) Psychology and Aging , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 392-398
    • Frank, M.J.1    Kong, L.2
  • 4
    • 77249094472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age effects on wayfinding and route learning skills
    • Head D, Isom M. Age effects on wayfinding and route learning skills. Behav Brain Res. 2010;209:49-58.
    • (2010) Behav Brain Res. , vol.209 , pp. 49-58
    • Head, D.1    Isom, M.2
  • 5
    • 77954652668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult age differences in learning from positive and negative probabilistic feedback
    • Simon JR, Howard JH, Howard DV. Adult age differences in learning from positive and negative probabilistic feedback. Neuropsychology. 2010;24:534-541.
    • (2010) Neuropsychology. , vol.24 , pp. 534-541
    • Simon, J.R.1    Howard, J.H.2    Howard, D.V.3
  • 7
    • 84555186889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of aging on the neural basis of implicit associative learning in a probabilistic triplets learning task
    • Simon JR, Vaidya CJ, Howard JH, et al. The effects of aging on the neural basis of implicit associative learning in a probabilistic triplets learning task. J Cogn Neurosci. 2012;24:451-463.
    • (2012) J Cogn Neurosci. , vol.24 , pp. 451-463
    • Simon, J.R.1    Vaidya, C.J.2    Howard, J.H.3
  • 10
    • 0036194064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging hippocampal function across the human life span: Is memory decline normal or not?
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.10105
    • Small S, Tsai W, DeLaPaz R, et al. Imaging hippocampal function across the human lifespan: Is memory decline normal or not? Ann Neurol. 2002;51:290-295. (Pubitemid 34206284)
    • (2002) Annals of Neurology , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 290-295
    • Small, S.A.1    Tsai, W.Y.2    Delapaz, R.3    Mayeux, R.4    Stern, Y.5
  • 12
    • 67650505038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiological changes in the hippocampus during normative aging
    • Lister JP, Barnes CA. Neurobiological changes in the hippocampus during normative aging. Arch Neurol. 2009;66:829-833.
    • (2009) Arch Neurol. , vol.66 , pp. 829-833
    • Lister, J.P.1    Barnes, C.A.2
  • 13
    • 0033360850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative MR study of the hippocampal formation, the amygdala, and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in healthy subjects 40 to 90 years of age
    • Mu Q, Xie J, Wen Z, et al. A quantitative MR study of the hippocampal formation, the amygdala, and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in healthy subjects 40 to 90 years of age. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:207-211. (Pubitemid 30418699)
    • (1999) American Journal of Neuroradiology , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 207-211
    • Mu, Q.1    Xie, J.2    Wen, Z.3    Weng, Y.4    Shuyun, Z.5
  • 17
    • 0742305187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrinkage of the Entorhinal Cortex over Five Years Predicts Memory Performance in Healthy Adults
    • DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4166-03.2004
    • Rodrigue K, Raz N. Shrinkage of the entorhinal cortex over five years predicts memory performance in healthy adults. J Neurosci. 2004;24:956-963. (Pubitemid 38146606)
    • (2004) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 956-963
    • Rodrigue, K.M.1    Raz, N.2
  • 19
    • 0023095333 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine and serotonin systems in human and rodent brain: Effects of age and neurodegenerative disease
    • Morgan D, May P, Finch C. Dopamine and serotonin systems in human and rodent brain: Effects of age and neurodegenerative disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1987;35:334-345. (Pubitemid 17044849)
    • (1987) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 334-345
    • Morgan, D.G.1    May, P.C.2    Finch, C.E.3
  • 20
    • 77949506890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal aging in the basal ganglia evaluated by eigenvalues of diffusion tensor imaging
    • Wang Q, Xu X, Zhang M. Normal aging in the basal ganglia evaluated by eigenvalues of diffusion tensor imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31:516-520.
    • (2010) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. , vol.31 , pp. 516-520
    • Wang, Q.1    Xu, X.2    Zhang, M.3
  • 22
    • 0742323532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into the ageing mind: A view from cognitive neuroscience
    • Hedden T, Gabrieli JD. Insights into the ageing mind: A view from cognitive neuroscience. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004;5:87-96. (Pubitemid 38160284)
    • (2004) Nature Reviews Neuroscience , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 87-96
    • Hedden, T.1    Gabrieli, J.D.E.2
  • 23
    • 27944491521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healthy and pathological processes in adult development: New evidence from neuroimaging of the aging brain
    • Hedden T, Gabrieli JD. Healthy and pathological processes in adult development: New evidence from neuroimaging of the aging brain. Curr Opin Neurol. 2005;18:740-747. (Pubitemid 41669150)
    • (2005) Current Opinion in Neurology , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 740-747
    • Hedden, T.1    Gabrieli, J.D.E.2
  • 25
    • 33747888336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential aging of the brain: Patterns, cognitive correlates and modifiers
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.07.001, PII S0149763406000704, Methodological and Conceptual Advances in the Study of Brain-Behavior Dynamics: A Multivariate Lifespan Perspective
    • Raz N, Rodrigue KM. Differential aging of the brain: Patterns, cognitive correlates and modifiers. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006; 30:730-748. (Pubitemid 44292292)
    • (2006) Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 730-748
    • Raz, N.1    Rodrigue, K.M.2
  • 28
    • 0003075487 scopus 로고
    • The hippocampal system and declarative memory in humans and animals: Experimental analysis and historical origins
    • Schacter DL, Tulving E, eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Eichenbaum H. The hippocampal system and declarative memory in humans and animals: Experimental analysis and historical origins. In: Schacter DL, Tulving E, eds. Memory Systems. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1994:147-201.
    • (1994) Memory Systems , pp. 147-201
    • Eichenbaum, H.1
  • 29
    • 0024804341 scopus 로고
    • Further studies of hippocampal representation during odor discrimination learning
    • DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.103.6.1207
    • Eichenbaum H, Mathews P, Cohen NJ. Further studies of hippocampal representation during odor discrimination learning. Behav Neurosc. 1989;103:1207-1216. (Pubitemid 20079148)
    • (1989) Behavioral Neuroscience , vol.103 , Issue.6 , pp. 1207-1216
    • Eichenbaum, H.1    Mathews, P.2    Cohen, N.J.3
  • 31
    • 0027984196 scopus 로고
    • Context, conditioning and hippocampal rerepresentation
    • Myers C, Gluck M. Context, conditioning and hippocampal rerepresentation. Behav Neurosci. 1994;108:835-847.
    • (1994) Behav Neurosci. , vol.108 , pp. 835-847
    • Myers, C.1    Gluck, M.2
  • 32
    • 54049155760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning and generalization deficits in patients with memory impairments due to anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture or hypoxic brain injury
    • Myers CE, Hopkins RO, DeLuca J, et al. Learning and generalization deficits in patients with memory impairments due to anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture or hypoxic brain injury. Neuropsychology. 2008;22:681-686.
    • (2008) Neuropsychology. , vol.22 , pp. 681-686
    • Myers, C.E.1    Hopkins, R.O.2    DeLuca, J.3
  • 34
    • 0000131098 scopus 로고
    • Multiple forms of memory in humans and animals
    • In: Weinberger N, McGaugh J, Lynch G, eds. New York: Guildford Press
    • Schacter D. Multiple forms of memory in humans and animals. In: Weinberger N, McGaugh J, Lynch G, eds. Memory Systems of the Brain: Animal and Human Cognitive Processes. New York: Guildford Press; 1985:351-379.
    • (1985) Memory Systems of the Brain: Animal and Human Cognitive Processes , pp. 351-379
    • Schacter, D.1
  • 36
    • 0035969560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive memory systems in the brain
    • Poldrack R, Clark J, Pare-Blagoev J, et al. Interactive memory systems in the brain. Nature. 2001;414:546-550.
    • (2001) Nature. , vol.414 , pp. 546-550
    • Poldrack, R.1    Clark, J.2    Pare-Blagoev, J.3
  • 37
    • 0032828976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatal activation during acquisition of a cognitive skill
    • DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.13.4.564
    • Poldrack R, Prabakharan V, Seger C, et al. Striatal activation during cognitive skill learning. Neuropsychology. 1999;13:564-574. (Pubitemid 29474645)
    • (1999) Neuropsychology , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 564-574
    • Poldrack, R.A.1    Prabhakaran, V.2    Seger, C.A.3    Gabrieli, J.D.E.4
  • 38
    • 0032700503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain activity underlying stereotyped and non-stereotyped retrieval of learned stimulus-response associations
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00813.x
    • Vandenberghe R, Dupont P, Bormans G, et al. Brain activity underlying sterotyped and non-stereotyped retrieval of learned stimulus-response associations. Eur J Neurosci. 1999;11:4037-4050. (Pubitemid 29537583)
    • (1999) European Journal of Neuroscience , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 4037-4050
    • Vandenberghe, R.1    Dupont, P.2    Bormans, G.3    Mortelmans, L.4    Orban, G.A.5
  • 39
    • 0015301990 scopus 로고
    • Discrimination learning and transfer of training in the aged
    • Coppinger N, Nehrke M. Discrimination learning and transfer of training in the aged. J Genet Psychol. 1972;120:93-102.
    • (1972) J Genet Psychol. , vol.120 , pp. 93-102
    • Coppinger, N.1    Nehrke, M.2
  • 40
    • 0015743527 scopus 로고
    • Age and sex differences in discrimination learning and transfer of training
    • Nehrke M. Age and sex differences in discrimination learning and transfer of training. J Gerontol. 1973;28:320-327.
    • (1973) J Gerontol. , vol.28 , pp. 320-327
    • Nehrke, M.1
  • 41
    • 0015044025 scopus 로고
    • The effect of task dimensionality on discrimination learning and transfer of training in the aged
    • Nehrke M, Coppinger N. The effect of task dimensionality on discrimination learning and transfer of training in the aged. J Gerontol. 1971;26:151-156.
    • (1971) J Gerontol. , vol.26 , pp. 151-156
    • Nehrke, M.1    Coppinger, N.2
  • 42
    • 0026005933 scopus 로고
    • Extra-dimensional versus intradimensional set shifting performance following frontal lobe excisions, temporal lobe excisions or amygdalo-hippocampectomy in man
    • Owen A, Roberts A, Polkey C, et al. Extra-dimensional versus intradimensional set shifting performance following frontal lobe excisions, temporal lobe excisions or amygdalo-hippocampectomy in man. Neuropsychologia. 1991;29:993-1006.
    • (1991) Neuropsychologia. , vol.29 , pp. 993-1006
    • Owen, A.1    Roberts, A.2    Polkey, C.3
  • 43
    • 0033641544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of cognitive aging
    • Rabbitt P, Lowe C. Patterns of cognitive aging. Psychol Res. 2000;63:308-316.
    • (2000) Psychol Res. , vol.63 , pp. 308-316
    • Rabbitt, P.1    Lowe, C.2
  • 44
    • 0031662243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of performance on tests from the CANTAB battery sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in a large sample of normal volunteers: Implications for theories of executive functioning and cognitive aging
    • DOI 10.1017/S1355617798455073
    • Robbins T, James M, Owen A, et al. A study of performance on tests from the CANTAB battery sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in a large sample of normal volunteers: Implications for theories of executive functionoing and cognitive aging. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1998;4:474-490. (Pubitemid 28461619)
    • (1998) Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 474-490
    • Robbins, T.W.1    James, M.2    Owen, A.M.3    Sahakian, B.J.4    Lawrence, A.D.5    Mcinnes, L.6    Rabbitt, P.M.A.7
  • 45
    • 0036527626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociating basal forebrain and medial temporal amnesic syndromes: Insights from classical conditioning
    • Myers C, Bryant D, DeLuca J, et al. Dissociating basal forebrain and medial temporal amnesic syndromes: Insights from classical conditioning. Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 2002;37:85-102.
    • (2002) Integr Physiol Behav Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 85-102
    • Myers, C.1    Bryant, D.2    DeLuca, J.3
  • 47
    • 42749097679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in human discrimination learning
    • Chase HW, Clark L, Myers CE, et al. The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in human discrimination learning. Neuropsychologia. 2008; 46:1326-1337.
    • (2008) Neuropsychologia. , vol.46 , pp. 1326-1337
    • Chase, H.W.1    Clark, L.2    Myers, C.E.3
  • 48
    • 84860822121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer generalization in schizophrenia: Specificity and co-familiality
    • Krause V, Krastoshevsky O, Myers CE, et al. Transfer generalization in schizophrenia: Specificity and co-familiality. Schizophrenia Bull. 2009;35:262.
    • (2009) Schizophrenia Bull. , vol.35 , pp. 262
    • Krause, V.1    Krastoshevsky, O.2    Myers, C.E.3
  • 49
    • 33644639638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-dopa impairs learning, but spares generalization, in Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.013, PII S0028393205002630
    • Shohamy D, Myers CE, Geghman KD, et al. L-dopa impairs learning, but spares generalization, in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia. 2006;44:774-784. (Pubitemid 43327400)
    • (2006) Neuropsychologia , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 774-784
    • Shohamy, D.1    Myers, C.E.2    Geghman, K.D.3    Sage, J.4    Gluck, M.A.5
  • 51
    • 0002120941 scopus 로고
    • Early effects of normal aging in perseverative and non-perseverative prefrontal measures
    • Daigneault S, Braun CMJ, Whitaker HA. Early effects of normal aging in perseverative and non-perseverative prefrontal measures. Dev Neuropsychol. 1992;8:99-114.
    • (1992) Dev Neuropsychol. , vol.8 , pp. 99-114
    • Daigneault, S.1    Braun, C.M.J.2    Whitaker, H.A.3
  • 53
    • 60549090967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age differences in perseveration: Cognitive and neuroanatomical mediators of performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
    • Head D, Kennedy KM, Rodrigue KM, et al. Age differences in perseveration: Cognitive and neuroanatomical mediators of performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Neuropsychologia. 2009; 47:1200-1203.
    • (2009) Neuropsychologia. , vol.47 , pp. 1200-1203
    • Head, D.1    Kennedy, K.M.2    Rodrigue, K.M.3
  • 55
    • 0001721056 scopus 로고
    • Predicting premorbid IQ: A revision of the National Adult Reading Test
    • Blair J, Spreen O. Predicting premorbid IQ: A revision of the National Adult Reading Test. Clin Neuropsychol. 1989;3: 129-136.
    • (1989) Clin Neuropsychol. , vol.3 , pp. 129-136
    • Blair, J.1    Spreen, O.2
  • 57
    • 0024384247 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment following frontal lobe damage and its relevance to human amnesia
    • DOI 10.1037/0735-7044.103.3.548
    • Janowsky JS, Shimamura AP, Kritchevsky M, et al. Cognitive impairment following frontal lobe damage and its relevance to human amnesia. Behav Neurosci. 1989;103:548-560. (Pubitemid 19161168)
    • (1989) Behavioral Neuroscience , vol.103 , Issue.3 , pp. 548-560
    • Janowsky, J.S.1    Shimamura, A.P.2    Kritchevsky, M.3    Squire, L.R.4
  • 60
    • 0017147068 scopus 로고
    • Solution shift performance in the elderly
    • Rogers C, Keyes B, Fuller B. Solution shift performance in the elderly. J Gerontol. 1976;31:670-675.
    • (1976) J Gerontol. , vol.31 , pp. 670-675
    • Rogers, C.1    Keyes, B.2    Fuller, B.3
  • 61
    • 0031953619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associative learning and short-term forgetting as a function of age, perceptual speed, and central executive functioning
    • Fisk J, Warr P. Associative learning and short-term forgetting as a function of age, perceptual speed, and central executive functioning. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1998;53:P112-P121.
    • (1998) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. , vol.53
    • Fisk, J.1    Warr, P.2
  • 62
    • 0028542628 scopus 로고
    • Aging associations: Influence of speed on adult age differences is associative learning
    • Salthouse T. Aging associations: Influence of speed on adult age differences is associative learning. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1994;20:1486-1503.
    • (1994) J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. , vol.20 , pp. 1486-1503
    • Salthouse, T.1
  • 63
    • 0029177516 scopus 로고
    • Analyses of adult age differences in associative learning
    • Salthouse T, Dunlosky J. Analyses of adult age differences in associative learning. Z Pscyhol Z Angew Psychol. 1995;203: 351-360.
    • (1995) Z Pscyhol Z Angew Psychol. , vol.203 , pp. 351-360
    • Salthouse, T.1    Dunlosky, J.2
  • 64
    • 0032858435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the concurrent discrimination task as a measure of habit learning: Performance of amnesic subjects
    • DOI 10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00048-2, PII S0028393299000482
    • Hood K, Postle B, Corkin S. An evaluation of the concurrent discrimination task as a measure of habit learning: Performance of amnesic subjects. Neuropsychologia. 1999;37:1375-1386. (Pubitemid 29440815)
    • (1999) Neuropsychologia , vol.37 , Issue.12 , pp. 1375-1386
    • Hood, K.L.1    Postle, B.R.2    Corkin, S.3
  • 65
    • 0023688782 scopus 로고
    • Human amnesia and animal models of amnesia: Performance of amnesic patients on tests designed for the monkey
    • Squire L, Zola-Morgan S, Chen K. Human amnesia and animal models of amnesia: Performance of amnesic patients on tests designed for the monkey. Behav Neurosci. 1988;102:210-221.
    • (1988) Behav Neurosci. , vol.102 , pp. 210-221
    • Squire, L.1    Zola-Morgan, S.2    Chen, K.3
  • 66
    • 0019299242 scopus 로고
    • Operationalizing memory impairment for elderly persons: The Guild Memory Test
    • Crook T, Gilbert J, Ferris S. Operationalizing memory impairment for elderly persons: The Guild Memory Test. Psychol Rep. 1980; 47:1315-1318.
    • (1980) Psychol Rep. , vol.47 , pp. 1315-1318
    • Crook, T.1    Gilbert, J.2    Ferris, S.3
  • 67
    • 47549117702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional imaging of semantic memory predicts postoperative episodic memory functions in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Koylu B, Walser G, Ischebeck A, et al. Functional imaging of semantic memory predicts postoperative episodic memory functions in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Res. 2008;1223:73-78.
    • (2008) Brain Res. , vol.1223 , pp. 73-78
    • Koylu, B.1    Walser, G.2    Ischebeck, A.3
  • 68
    • 77649335893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking cognitive aging to alterations in dopamine neurotransmitter functioning: Recent data and future avenues
    • Bäckman L, Lindenberger U, Li SC, et al. Linking cognitive aging to alterations in dopamine neurotransmitter functioning: Recent data and future avenues. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010;34:670-677.
    • (2010) Neurosci Biobehav Rev. , vol.34 , pp. 670-677
    • Bäckman, L.1    Lindenberger, U.2    Li, S.C.3
  • 69
    • 68049105099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging of subcortical nuclei: Microstructural, mineralization and atrophy modifications measured in vivo using MRI
    • Cherubini A, Peran P, Caltagirone C, et al. Aging of subcortical nuclei: Microstructural, mineralization and atrophy modifications measured in vivo using MRI. Neuroimage. 2009;48:29-36.
    • (2009) Neuroimage. , vol.48 , pp. 29-36
    • Cherubini, A.1    Peran, P.2    Caltagirone, C.3
  • 71
    • 0033062915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prefrontal gray and white matter volumes in healthy aging and Alzheimer disease
    • Salat DH, Kaye JA, Janowsky JS. Prefrontal gray and white matter volumes in healthy aging and Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 1999; 56:338-344. (Pubitemid 29120232)
    • (1999) Archives of Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 338-344
    • Salat, D.H.1    Kaye, J.A.2    Janowsky, J.S.3
  • 72
    • 0002588472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging of the brain and its impact on cognitive performance: Integration of structural and functional findings
    • In: Craik FIM, Salthouse TA, eds. 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Raz N. Aging of the brain and its impact on cognitive performance: Integration of structural and functional findings. In: Craik FIM, Salthouse TA, eds. The Handbook of Aging and Cognition. 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2000:1-90.
    • (2000) The Handbook of Aging and Cognition , pp. 1-90
    • Raz, N.1
  • 73
    • 1942453876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential Vulnerability of Anterior White Matter in Nondemented Aging with Minimal Acceleration in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type: Evidence from Diffusion Tensor Imaging
    • DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhh003
    • Head D, Buckner RL, Shimony JS, et al. Differential vulnerability of anterior white matter in nondemented aging with minimal acceleration in dementia of the Alzheimer type: Evidence from diffusion tensor imaging. Cereb Cortex. 2004;14:410-423. (Pubitemid 38506972)
    • (2004) Cerebral Cortex , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 410-423
    • Head, D.1
  • 74
    • 5344270088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal-hippocampal double dissociation between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease
    • DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhh174
    • Head D, Snyder AZ, Girton LE, et al. Frontal-hippocampal double dissociation between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Cereb Cortex. 2005;15:732-739. (Pubitemid 40696113)
    • (2005) Cerebral Cortex , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 732-739
    • Head, D.1    Snyder, A.Z.2    Girton, L.E.3    Morris, J.C.4    Buckner, R.L.5
  • 75
    • 0036859411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory of cognitive control, aging cognition, and neuromodulation
    • DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(02)00067-2, PII S0149763402000672
    • Braver TS, BarchDM. A theory of cognitive control, aging cognition, and neuromodulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2002;26:809-817. (Pubitemid 35430285)
    • (2002) Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , vol.26 , Issue.7 , pp. 809-817
    • Braver, T.S.1    Barch, D.M.2
  • 76
    • 0036859410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrative neurocomputational perspectives on cognitive aging, neuromodulation, and representation
    • DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(02)00066-0, PII S0149763402000660
    • Li SC, Sikstrom S. Integrative neurocomputational perspectives on cognitive aging, neuromodulation, and representation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2002;26:795-808. (Pubitemid 35430284)
    • (2002) Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , vol.26 , Issue.7 , pp. 795-808
    • Li, S.-C.1    Sikstrom, S.2
  • 77
    • 84868612267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's Association (2009). Report retrieved 5/3/2009 from Alzheimer's Association website. Available at: Accessed January 26
    • Alzheimer's Association (2009). Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Report retrieved 5/3/2009 from Alzheimer's Association website. Available at: Http://www.alz.org/national/documents/report-alzfactsfigures2009.pdf. Accessed January 26, 2012.
    • (2012) Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.